Piezoelectric biomaterials convert mechanical energy into electrical charges, making them promising candidates for bone tissue engineering by restoring and modulating the electrophysiological microenvironment. This review explores the development of piezoelectric biomaterials by focusing on their molecular origins, particularly dipoles, and how their type, source, and spatial arrangement influence macroscopic electromechanical coupling. Beyond intrinsic origins, the concept of pseudo‐piezoelectricity driven by extrinsic factors is introduced to highlight alternative approaches for piezoelectric biomaterial design. Techniques to engineer dipoles and modulate piezoelectric properties for the regulation of osteogenesis are discussed. Particular attention is given to the correlation between piezoelectricity and osteogenesis at distinct phases of bone regeneration. Finally, current challenges in molecular understanding and biofabrication of piezoelectric bone scaffolds are highlighted, along with potential future research directions.

This review explores additive manufacturing (AM) for refractory tungsten (W) and its alloys, highlighting the primary challenges and determining factors in the AM of pure W, W alloys and composites. The challenges mainly arise from W’s high melting point, low laser absorptivity, high thermal conductivity, high melt viscosity, high oxygen affinity, high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, and inherent embrittlement, which lead to defects and anomalies in AM-produced parts. This review focuses on both processes and alloying strategies to address the issues related to densification, micro-cracking, and the resultant properties in W-based components. Cracking in additively manufactured W remains a persistent issue due to thermal stress, embrittlement, and oxide formation. Powder characteristics, process parameters, and thermal management strategies are crucial for W densification. Throughout the review, existing knowledge and insights are organized into comprehensive tables, serving as valuable resources for researchers delving deeper into this topic. Future research in W-AM should focus on understanding the interaction between AM process parameters and microstructural and material design. Advances in atomic-level understanding, thermodynamic modeling, and data analytics have the potential to significantly enhance the precision, sustainability, and applicability of W-AM.

The inherent properties of magnesium (Mg) make it one of the most challenging metals to process with additive manufacturing (AM), especially with fusion-based techniques. Binder jetting is a two-step AM method in which green Mg objects print near room temperature, then the as-printed green object sinters at a high temperature. Thus far, a limited number of studies have been reported on the binder jetting of Mg powder. This study aimed to push the knowledge base of binder jetting and sintering for AZ91D powder. To this end, the principle of capillary-mediated binderless printing was used to determine the ink saturation level (SL) required for the binder jetting of a green AZ91 object. The effects of various SLs on forming interparticle bridges between AZ91 powder particles and the dimensional accuracy of the resultant as-printed objects were investigated. Green AZ91 objects sintered at different temperatures ranging from 530 °C to 575 °C showed a marginal increment in density with an increase in sintering temperature (i.e., 1.5% to 5.1%). The root cause of such a low sintering densification rate in the presence of up to 54.5 vol. % liquid phase was discussed in the context of the powder packing density of as-printed objects and swelling occurring at sintering temperatures ≥ 45 °C. Overall, this work demonstrates the great potential of binderless printing for AM of Mg powder and the need for pushing sintering boundaries for further densification of as-printed Mg components.