DLC coatings are deposited on aluminium substrates to improve the wear resistance property of the substrates using sputtering deposition in this study. DLC coatings are deposited using the graphite target onto the Al5051 substrates using DC sputtering. The deposited coatings are then analyzed for their adhesion strength, hardness, coefficient of friction, and chemical compositions. The pin-on-disk method is conducted in vacuumed conditions, dry air conditions (0% RH), and ambient air conditions (40% RH). The different testing conditions have shown different results for the same testing sample. This indicates the nature of DLC film adsorption in ambient air conditions. The chemical composition study has further revealed the adsorbing compounds and the ability of hydrogen and water molecules to get adsorbed on the thin-film surface. This study gives insight into the effect of molecules present in the ambient air on the performance of DLC coatings. It investigates the effect of three DLC coatings deposited using the graphite target onto the Al5051 substrates using DC sputtering.

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) plays a major role in electromagnetic absorption and shielding. Their applications as semiconductors make a breakthrough in communication by miniaturizing the communication devices. The main drawback of the SWCNT is found to noise. Because of this limitation, high attenuation at the low-frequency band cannot be achieved, limiting its application in terms of selectivity. The spectral density study shows that the noise’s amplitude is directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the number of carriers in the nanotube. The SWCNT is mainly synthesized using hydrocarbons which contains carbonaceous impurities. On the removal of impurities, more surface oxygen functional groups are formed. On the other hand, the diameter of the carbon nanotube is very small, increasing the resistance of carrier flow. In this research work, gas adsorption was used in SWCNT by treating the carbon nanotube using nitric acid. Isotherms determine porous size. The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction on carbon nanotube reduces the microporosity in the surface by treating with nitric acid. Therefore, the density of the surface increases and the CNT bundle separation will be reduced, increasing the carbon nanotube’s resistivity. This increase in resistivity reduces the excess carrier flow; therefore, the temperature will reduce the noise. The proposed system is cost-effective and has shown 11% improvement by reducing the noise amplitude by increasing carbon nanotube resistance. This proposed method has less complexity compared with existing models.

Nowadays, titanium and alloy materials are encouraged for biomedical applications. Fabrication of the passive layer over the titanium materials is limited. Typically, a plain titanium sample is not suitable for bioimplant applications because the adhesion of biological elements like blood cells, tissues, and bones is poor. The use of surface-modified titanium resolves this issue. Surface modifications on titanium by electrochemical methods are simple and cost-effective. The addition of water to the ethylene-based electrolyte-enhanced the oxidation process to increase the length of the nanotubes. Surface morphological analysis shows that the length of the nanotubes has been increased, nanoindentation analysis delivers that increasing the length has been increased the hardness level, and corrosion analysis indicates that the length of nanotubes encouraged the corrosion resistance. Potentiodynamic polarization, Bode and Nyquist plots were models fit analyzed with equivalent electrical circuits. Sample cell viability was characterized with NIH-3T3 cells using an inverted microscopy analyzer.