Nanotechnology has gained popularity in recent years owing to its established potential for application and implementation in various sectors such as medical drugs, medicine, catalysis, energy, material, and plant science. Nanoparticles (NPs) are smaller in size (1–100 nm) with a larger surface area and have many fruitful applications. The extraordinary functions of NPs are utilized in sustainable agriculture due to nano-enabled products, e.g., nano-insecticides, nano-pesticides, and nano-fertilizers. Nanoparticles have lately been suggested as an alternate method for controlling plant pests such as insects, fungi, and weeds. Several NPs exhibit antimicrobial properties considered in food packaging processes; for example, Ag-NPs are commonly used for such purposes. Apart from their antimicrobial properties, NPs such as Si, Ag, Fe, Cu, Al, Zn, ZnO, TiO₂, CeO₂, Al₂O₃, and carbon nanotubes have also been demonstrated to have negative impacts on plant growth and development. This review examines the field-use of nano-enabled products in sustainable agriculture, future perspectives, and growing environmental concerns. The remarkable information on commercialized nano-enabled products used in the agriculture and allied sectors are also provided.

Over the past years, alterations in the environment have had an adverse impact on the global agricultural system, leading to difficulties in plant growth, physiology, and productivity due to non-living factors. These difficulties pose a significant risk to both global food security and...

Methane is produced by various natural processes that directly or indirectly contribute to the entire Earth’s methane budget. If the Earth’s overall methane budget becomes imbalanced, CH₄ has an impact on climate change. Wetlands, rice fields, animals, factories, and fossil fuels are major sources of methane emissions. Among all the resources, wetlands and rice fields are more prominent factors in methane emission, dependent on the water table, temperature, and vegetation. Our study employed the GIS remote sensing technique to analyze methane emissions from 2003 to 2021 in the northern part of India, East Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and the northeast region of India that is Assam. We also predicted the water table, temperature, and vegetation as raw materials for methane creation. Water table, temperature, and vegetation are essential for wetland ecosystem life, particularly for methanogenic organisms; however, the water table and temperature are critical for rice plant growth and development. With the help of GIS remote sensing, India’s monthly rainfall pattern and the water table, vegetation, and temperature pattern over 41 years were analyzed. Our key findings highlight the importance of GIS remote-sensing-based monitoring of methane gas emissions from wetlands and rice fields for their management.

The application of nanotechnology (NT) is bringing about an enormous shift in the agricultural and environmental protection industries by providing innovative solutions to old problems. The most recent developments and related challenges in these fields' use of NT are summarised in this review article. Nanotechnology has revolutionized precision farming in the agricultural sector. These nanoproducts help improve soil and plant health, which increases crop output while decreasing chemical inputs. Nano-pesticides and nano-fertilizers reduce resource waste and environmental pollution by improving the efficiency and targeted delivery of pest control chemicals and nutrients. Nanomaterials find application in water filtration, air quality monitoring, and cleanup of polluted areas in the field of environmental protection. Adsorbents and catalysts with a nanostructure allow for the removal of organic impurities, heavy metals, and pollutants with less energy consumption and more efficiency than conventional approaches. Despite these encouraging developments, there are still several challenges to overcome before NT may be fully utilized in farming and protecting the environment. Some important concerns with nanoparticles are their potential toxicity to both people and non-target organisms, the absence of thorough regulatory frameworks, and the necessity for substantial research into the environmental implications of nanomaterials over time. There are a lot of obstacles to the widespread use of nanotechnology, such as the high price tag and the difficulty of increasing manufacturing volumes. To overcome these obstacles and guarantee the safe and sustainable utilization of nanotechnology's benefits, scientists, legislators, and industry stakeholders must work together across disciplines. In this review article, we see how nanotechnology might revolutionize our future by making it more sustainable. Still, we also see how important it is to deal with the hazards and regulatory obstacles that come with NT.

The challenges of climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss pose significant risks to agriculture. To ensure sustainable food production and tackle these issues, an agricultural revolution is necessary. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for enhancing agricultural sustainability, and one such approach is seed nano-priming. This technique effectively alters seed metabolism and signaling pathways, influencing not only germination and seedling establishment but also the entire plant life cycle. Extensive research has demonstrated numerous benefits of seed nano-priming, including improved plant growth, increased productivity, and enhanced nutritional quality of food. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in nanotechnology for seed nano-priming and explores the challenges and possibilities associated with its implementation in sustainable agriculture.

Bioremediation represents a promising approach for addressing environmental pollution by leveraging natural processes to degrade or convert toxic pollutants into more benign forms. This method utilizes biological agents like algae, fungi, bacteria, and viruses to break down pollutants, ideally to undetectable or non-toxic levels, or even mineralize them to harmless compounds like CO2. By doing so, bioremediation not only cleans up contaminated sites but also restores them and prevents future pollution, all without the need for chemical reagents. Environmental pollution, fueled by rapid industrial growth, continues to pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health. Harmful pollutants like BPA, PAHs, PCBs, and pharmaceutical wastes accumulate in the environment, causing ecological damage and endangering various organisms.