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Shenghai Yang
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Continuous drop of renewable electricity price offers excellent opportunity to electrify the CO2 capture processes in a cost-effective and decentralized way. Electrochemical CO2 capture represents a promising technology for CO2 emission reduction, particularly in the industries where thermal energy is not available. However, existing electrochemical technologies are either energy-intensive or operated at impractically low current densities. Here, we report an electrowinning-coupled CO2 capture (ECC) system which mimics industrially available electro-refining process for an energy-efficient amine-based CO2 capture. In applying ammonia as CO2 capture solvent and zinc metal as electrowinning medium, we experimentally achieved a low power consumption of 14.7 kJe/mol CO2 for solvent regeneration at an industrially preferred current density of 100 A/m2. This energy performance is very competitive with other state-of-the-art electrochemical CO2 capture technologies (50-500 kJe/mol CO2), and also outperforms the commercial amine processes driven by thermal energy (100-150 kJth/mol CO2). The desirable energy performance is due to the single-step two-electrons Zn(NH3)42+/Zn(s) redox reactions occurred during electrochemical operation of ECC, which avoids the formation of stable intermediate species and thus brings a low energy consumption. We anticipate the energy competitiveness would pave the way for ECC to move towards practical application.

ACS Style

Changhong Wang; Kaiqi Jiang; Timothy W. Jones; Shenghai Yang; Hai Yu; Paul Feron; Kangkang Li. Electrowinning-coupled CO2 capture with energy-efficient absorbent regeneration: towards practical application. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 131981 .

AMA Style

Changhong Wang, Kaiqi Jiang, Timothy W. Jones, Shenghai Yang, Hai Yu, Paul Feron, Kangkang Li. Electrowinning-coupled CO2 capture with energy-efficient absorbent regeneration: towards practical application. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; ():131981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changhong Wang; Kaiqi Jiang; Timothy W. Jones; Shenghai Yang; Hai Yu; Paul Feron; Kangkang Li. 2021. "Electrowinning-coupled CO2 capture with energy-efficient absorbent regeneration: towards practical application." Chemical Engineering Journal , no. : 131981.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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In view of the issues of low efficiency and environmental pollution existing in current antimony production, this work proposes an innovative and cleaner process to extract antimony from stibnite concentrate and co-treat goethite residues. The mechanisms of antimony extraction and zinc, iron, sulfur conservation was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated. The results show that iron- and zinc-bearing components in the goethite residue firstly reacted and releasing FexOy and ZnO, then stibnite (Sb2S3) quickly converted to senarmontite (Sb2O3) in the presence of FexOy and ZnO. Intermediate Sb2O3 was subsequently reduced to metallic Sb. Bench-scale experiments of antimony extraction from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue as sulfur-fixing agent validated that 85.7% of Sb was directly recovered as crude antimony bullion, only around 7.4% antimony volatilized to fume. Pb, As, Au, and Ag tended to also be co-enriched in the bullion. 97.4% of sulfur, 88.8% of zinc and 86.1% of iron were recovered and fixed simultaneously. Sulfur in Sb2S3, iron and zinc contained in goethite residues was conserved in matte as marketable Fe2Zn3S5, FeS, and ZnS, instead of forming gaseous SO2. This novel process is a promising recycling and co-treatment alternative for various secondary iron- and zinc-containing materials.

ACS Style

Yun Li; Haotian Xue; Pekka Taskinen; Ari Jokilaakso; Chaobo Tang; Wei Jin; Minna Rämä; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang. Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 313, 127847 .

AMA Style

Yun Li, Haotian Xue, Pekka Taskinen, Ari Jokilaakso, Chaobo Tang, Wei Jin, Minna Rämä, Yongming Chen, Shenghai Yang. Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 313 ():127847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Li; Haotian Xue; Pekka Taskinen; Ari Jokilaakso; Chaobo Tang; Wei Jin; Minna Rämä; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang. 2021. "Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation." Journal of Cleaner Production 313, no. : 127847.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Hydrometallurgy
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A new process for recycling zinc and copper from the smelting slag of waste brass was investigated in this study. The zinc and copper present in the smelting slag were dissolved in a ZnCl2–NH4Cl solution system. To recycle copper, the lixivium was purified by a novel method termed as electrochemistry and chemistry synergetic (ECS) purification. After deep purification of the ECS-treated lixivium by zinc powder cementation, zinc in the lixivium was extracted by electrowinning to obtain a zinc plate. The effects of the leaching temperature, reaction time, and liquid–solid ratio on the extraction percentages of zinc and copper were examined. The results revealed that the extraction percentages of zinc and copper were 88.37% and 90.85%, respectively, at a leaching temperature of 95 °C, reaction time of 90 min, and liquid–solid ratio of 8:1 mL/g. Further, effects of the current density, temperature, and reaction time on the recovery ratio of copper by ECS method were examined. The results revealed that 98.51% of copper could be extracted from the lixivium and that the purity of the extracted copper was 96.7% at a temperature of 70 °C and cathode current density of 75 A/m2 after a reaction for 4 h. In the deep purification process, 0.3 g/L zinc powder was used to completely remove impurities from the ECS-treated lixivium. In the zinc electrowinning process, a current efficiency of 95.79% was achieved at 70 °C and 400 A/m2; the purity of the obtained zinc product was greater than 99.95%, and the direct energy consumption was 2966.59 kW·h/t-Zn.

ACS Style

Zhimei Xia; Xiaosa Zhang; Xinglong Huang; Shenghai Yang; Yongming Chen; Longgang Ye. Hydrometallurgical stepwise recovery of copper and zinc from smelting slag of waste brass in ammonium chloride solution. Hydrometallurgy 2020, 197, 105475 .

AMA Style

Zhimei Xia, Xiaosa Zhang, Xinglong Huang, Shenghai Yang, Yongming Chen, Longgang Ye. Hydrometallurgical stepwise recovery of copper and zinc from smelting slag of waste brass in ammonium chloride solution. Hydrometallurgy. 2020; 197 ():105475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhimei Xia; Xiaosa Zhang; Xinglong Huang; Shenghai Yang; Yongming Chen; Longgang Ye. 2020. "Hydrometallurgical stepwise recovery of copper and zinc from smelting slag of waste brass in ammonium chloride solution." Hydrometallurgy 197, no. : 105475.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2019 in Metals
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This study proposes a cleaner lead-acid battery (LAB) paste and pyrite cinder (PyC) recycling method without excessive generation of SO2. PyCs were employed as sulfur-fixing reagents to conserve sulfur as condensed sulfides, which prevented SO2 emissions. In this work, the phase transformation mechanisms in a PbSO4-Na2CO3-Fe3O4-C reaction system were studied in detail. Furthermore, the co-treatment of spent LAB and PyCs was conducted to determine the optimal recycling conditions and to detect the influences of different processing parameters on lead recovery and sulfur fixation. In addition, a bench-scale experiment was carried out to confirm the feasibility and reliability of this novel process. The results reveal that the products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, ferrous matte, and crude lead. 98.3% of lead and 99% of silver in the feed materials were directly enriched in crude lead. Crude lead with purity of more than 98 wt.% (weight percent) was obtained by a one-step extraction. Lead contents in the produced matte and slag were below 2.7 wt.% and 0.6 wt.%, respectively. At the same time, 99.2% total sulfur was fixed and recovered.

ACS Style

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation. Metals 2019, 9, 911 .

AMA Style

Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation. Metals. 2019; 9 (8):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation." Metals 9, no. 8: 911.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2019 in Minerals
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A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na2CO3-Na2SO4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2, composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: WCoke = 15% WPb wastes, W Na 2 CO 3 / W Na 2 SO 4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS2, Fe2Zn3S5, and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary melt.

ACS Style

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Wenrong Lin; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yuejun Wang; Junjie Shi; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission. Minerals 2019, 9, 119 .

AMA Style

Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Wenrong Lin, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yuejun Wang, Junjie Shi, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission. Minerals. 2019; 9 (2):119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Wenrong Lin; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yuejun Wang; Junjie Shi; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission." Minerals 9, no. 2: 119.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2019 in Metals
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In this research, some experimental steps were investigated to recover zinc contained in crude zinc oxide (C.Z.O.). In the first stage, the C.Z.O. was treated in NH3–NH4Cl–H2O solution to dissolve the metals. The optimized leaching conditions in batch experiments were obtained: agitation speed 250 rpm, concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride 2.5 mol/L and 5 mol/L, respectively, time 30min, temperature 40 °C, and L/S = 6 mL/g. The extraction percentage of zinc was over 81% under the optimized leaching conditions. The kinetic study indicates that zinc extraction from the C.Z.O particles was very rapid. In the second stage, the solution from the leaching process was purified by adding zinc dust to the solution. The Cu, Cd, Pb, Sb, and As could be reduced to levels of 0.03, 0.09, 0.87, 0.22, and 0.12 mg/L after the purification process. Finally, the electrowinning process was used to recover dissolved Zn from the final solution. The zinc content in the electrowon zinc was more than 99.99%.

ACS Style

Shenghai Yang; Duoqiang Zhao; Yafei Jie; Chaobo Tang; Jing He; Yongming Chen. Hydrometallurgical Process for Zinc Recovery from C.Z.O. Generated by the Steelmaking Industry with Ammonia–Ammonium Chloride Solution. Metals 2019, 9, 83 .

AMA Style

Shenghai Yang, Duoqiang Zhao, Yafei Jie, Chaobo Tang, Jing He, Yongming Chen. Hydrometallurgical Process for Zinc Recovery from C.Z.O. Generated by the Steelmaking Industry with Ammonia–Ammonium Chloride Solution. Metals. 2019; 9 (1):83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shenghai Yang; Duoqiang Zhao; Yafei Jie; Chaobo Tang; Jing He; Yongming Chen. 2019. "Hydrometallurgical Process for Zinc Recovery from C.Z.O. Generated by the Steelmaking Industry with Ammonia–Ammonium Chloride Solution." Metals 9, no. 1: 83.

Book chapter
Published: 07 February 2017 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago
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Pitting of Hf in Et4NBr t-butanol and acetonitrile (ACN) solutions was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic anodic polarization , galvanostatic, potentiostatic and impedance techniques. The potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves did not exhibit an active dissolution region near corrosion potential due to the presence of an oxide film on the electrode surface, which was followed by pitting corrosion resulting from the passivity breakdown by the aggressive attack of bromide (Br−) ion. The pitting potential (E pit) increased with increasing potential scanning rate but decreased with increasing temperature and Br− concentration. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic measurements allowed the pitting potential (E pit) and the repassivation potential (E p) to be determined. Analysis of the potential/time transients revealed that the applied anodic current density had a significant influence on the values of E pit. On the other hand, the E p values were independent on the applied current density. The current/time transients indicated that the incubation time (t i) for passivity breakdown decreased slightly with increasing potential and solution temperature. The impedance spectra showed that the resistance of passive layer decreased with increasing potential.

ACS Style

Wang Changhong; Yang Shenghai; Chen Yongming; Yang Xiyun; Wu Yanzeng; He Jing; Tang Chaobo. Effect of Bromide Ions on the Pitting Corrosion of Hafnium in Anhydrous t-Butanol and Acetonitrile. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2017, 349 -360.

AMA Style

Wang Changhong, Yang Shenghai, Chen Yongming, Yang Xiyun, Wu Yanzeng, He Jing, Tang Chaobo. Effect of Bromide Ions on the Pitting Corrosion of Hafnium in Anhydrous t-Butanol and Acetonitrile. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2017; ():349-360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang Changhong; Yang Shenghai; Chen Yongming; Yang Xiyun; Wu Yanzeng; He Jing; Tang Chaobo. 2017. "Effect of Bromide Ions on the Pitting Corrosion of Hafnium in Anhydrous t-Butanol and Acetonitrile." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 349-360.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2016 in Metals
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A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were investigated in details, respectively. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: 1.0 time stoichiometric requirement (α) of mixed sodium salt (αsalt = 1.0), WNaCl:Wsalt = 40%, αFe2O3 = 1.0, Wcoke:Wstibnite = 40%, where W represents weight, smelting at 850 °C (1123 K) for 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of antimony can reach 91.48%, and crude antimony with a purity of 96.00% has been achieved. 95.31% of sulfur is fixed in form of FeS in the presence of iron oxide. Meanwhile, precious metals contained in stibnite concentrate are enriched and recovered comprehensively in crude antimony. In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the smelting temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to 850–900 °C (1123–1173 K). Sulfur obtained in stibnite is fixed in FeS which avoids SO2 emission owing to the sulfur-fixing agent. Sodium salt can be regenerated and recycled in smelting system when the molten slag is operated to filter solid residue. The solid residue is subjected to mineral dressing operation to obtain iron sulfide concentrate which can be sold directly or roasted to regenerate into iron oxide.

ACS Style

Yun Li; Yongming Chen; Haotian Xue; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Motang Tang. One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent. Metals 2016, 6, 153 .

AMA Style

Yun Li, Yongming Chen, Haotian Xue, Chaobo Tang, Shenghai Yang, Motang Tang. One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent. Metals. 2016; 6 (7):153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Li; Yongming Chen; Haotian Xue; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Motang Tang. 2016. "One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent." Metals 6, no. 7: 153.