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In view of the issues of low efficiency and environmental pollution existing in current antimony production, this work proposes an innovative and cleaner process to extract antimony from stibnite concentrate and co-treat goethite residues. The mechanisms of antimony extraction and zinc, iron, sulfur conservation was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated. The results show that iron- and zinc-bearing components in the goethite residue firstly reacted and releasing FexOy and ZnO, then stibnite (Sb2S3) quickly converted to senarmontite (Sb2O3) in the presence of FexOy and ZnO. Intermediate Sb2O3 was subsequently reduced to metallic Sb. Bench-scale experiments of antimony extraction from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue as sulfur-fixing agent validated that 85.7% of Sb was directly recovered as crude antimony bullion, only around 7.4% antimony volatilized to fume. Pb, As, Au, and Ag tended to also be co-enriched in the bullion. 97.4% of sulfur, 88.8% of zinc and 86.1% of iron were recovered and fixed simultaneously. Sulfur in Sb2S3, iron and zinc contained in goethite residues was conserved in matte as marketable Fe2Zn3S5, FeS, and ZnS, instead of forming gaseous SO2. This novel process is a promising recycling and co-treatment alternative for various secondary iron- and zinc-containing materials.
Yun Li; Haotian Xue; Pekka Taskinen; Ari Jokilaakso; Chaobo Tang; Wei Jin; Minna Rämä; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang. Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 313, 127847 .
AMA StyleYun Li, Haotian Xue, Pekka Taskinen, Ari Jokilaakso, Chaobo Tang, Wei Jin, Minna Rämä, Yongming Chen, Shenghai Yang. Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 313 ():127847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Haotian Xue; Pekka Taskinen; Ari Jokilaakso; Chaobo Tang; Wei Jin; Minna Rämä; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang. 2021. "Clean antimony production from stibnite concentrate with goethite residue co-treatment for zinc, iron, sulfur conservation." Journal of Cleaner Production 313, no. : 127847.
This study proposed a cleaner pyrometallurgical lead-acid battery (LAB) recycling method for lead extraction and sulfur conservation without an excessive amount of SO2 generation. A reducing atmosphere was introduced to the lead paste recycling system to selectively reduce PbSO4 to PbS. At the same time, PbO and PbO2 components contained in the lead paste were also reduced to metallic Pb. Then, the intermediate PbS further reacted with a sulfur-fixing agent, typically Fe3O4, to generate PbO and FeS. Sulfur was transformed from PbSO4 to PbS and finally conserved as FeS. Thus, SO2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and phase conversion mechanism of this proposed method, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur fixing mechanisms were clarified, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes were characterized. Additionally, a bench experiment of industrial, end-of-life LAB paste was conducted to detect the lead recovery and sulfur fixation efficiency.
Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery for Lead Extraction with Sulfur Conservation. JOM 2019, 72, 3186 -3194.
AMA StyleYun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari Jokilaakso. Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery for Lead Extraction with Sulfur Conservation. JOM. 2019; 72 (9):3186-3194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery for Lead Extraction with Sulfur Conservation." JOM 72, no. 9: 3186-3194.
A large amount of lead paste, which is produced by waste lead-acid batteries, and zinc leaching residue are hazardous wastes that have not been effectively treated around the world. A cleaner production process (reducing-matting smelting) was first proposed to harmlessly co-treat lead-containing hazardous solid waste and zinc leaching residues. During reducing-matting smelting, iron-containing waste (zinc leaching residue) as sulfur-fixing agent to retain sulfur, which reduces sulfur dioxide generation and emissions. Thermodynamic analysis shows that reducing-matting process requires strong reduction atmosphere. Zinc leaching residue provides the iron, silicon and calcium required for the slagging. Lead-containing waste after roasting is mixed with zinc leaching residue for reducing-matting smelting. Under optimum smelting conditions (8 wt% coke, Ferrous oxide/Silicon dioxide = 1.8, Calcium oxide/Silicon dioxide = 0.6, smelting at 1350 °C for 1.5 h), 92.4% of lead is recovered and fixed in the crude lead, lead content of slag drops to 1.2%. A portion of iron reacted with sulfur to form ferrous sulfide, most of the iron was present in the slag. This cleaner production technique also provides an alternative reference method for co-treatment of other lead waste containing sulfur.
Lei Tang; Chaobo Tang; Jin Xiao; Ping Zeng; Motang Tang; Zhian Wang; Zhenhua Zhang. A cleaner process for lead recovery from lead-containing hazardous solid waste and zinc leaching residue via reducing-matting smelting. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 241, 118328 .
AMA StyleLei Tang, Chaobo Tang, Jin Xiao, Ping Zeng, Motang Tang, Zhian Wang, Zhenhua Zhang. A cleaner process for lead recovery from lead-containing hazardous solid waste and zinc leaching residue via reducing-matting smelting. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 241 ():118328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Tang; Chaobo Tang; Jin Xiao; Ping Zeng; Motang Tang; Zhian Wang; Zhenhua Zhang. 2019. "A cleaner process for lead recovery from lead-containing hazardous solid waste and zinc leaching residue via reducing-matting smelting." Journal of Cleaner Production 241, no. : 118328.
This study proposes a cleaner lead-acid battery (LAB) paste and pyrite cinder (PyC) recycling method without excessive generation of SO2. PyCs were employed as sulfur-fixing reagents to conserve sulfur as condensed sulfides, which prevented SO2 emissions. In this work, the phase transformation mechanisms in a PbSO4-Na2CO3-Fe3O4-C reaction system were studied in detail. Furthermore, the co-treatment of spent LAB and PyCs was conducted to determine the optimal recycling conditions and to detect the influences of different processing parameters on lead recovery and sulfur fixation. In addition, a bench-scale experiment was carried out to confirm the feasibility and reliability of this novel process. The results reveal that the products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, ferrous matte, and crude lead. 98.3% of lead and 99% of silver in the feed materials were directly enriched in crude lead. Crude lead with purity of more than 98 wt.% (weight percent) was obtained by a one-step extraction. Lead contents in the produced matte and slag were below 2.7 wt.% and 0.6 wt.%, respectively. At the same time, 99.2% total sulfur was fixed and recovered.
Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation. Metals 2019, 9, 911 .
AMA StyleYun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation. Metals. 2019; 9 (8):911.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Cleaner Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery Paste and Co-Treatment of Pyrite Cinder via a Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Method for Valuable Metal Recovery and Sulfur Conservation." Metals 9, no. 8: 911.
An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS2.
Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Yuejun Wang; Ari Jokilaakso. Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C System. JOM 2019, 71, 2368 -2379.
AMA StyleYun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Yuejun Wang, Ari Jokilaakso. Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C System. JOM. 2019; 71 (7):2368-2379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Yuejun Wang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C System." JOM 71, no. 7: 2368-2379.
A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na2CO3-Na2SO4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2, composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: WCoke = 15% WPb wastes, W Na 2 CO 3 / W Na 2 SO 4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS2, Fe2Zn3S5, and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary melt.
Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Wenrong Lin; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yuejun Wang; Junjie Shi; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission. Minerals 2019, 9, 119 .
AMA StyleYun Li, Shenghai Yang, Wenrong Lin, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yuejun Wang, Junjie Shi, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari Jokilaakso. Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission. Minerals. 2019; 9 (2):119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Shenghai Yang; Wenrong Lin; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yuejun Wang; Junjie Shi; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission." Minerals 9, no. 2: 119.
This study proposes an innovative and environment-friendly method for recycling spent lead-acid batteries without SO2 generation. Iron-containing waste was employed as a sulfur-fixing agent to retain sulfur as ferrous matte, which eliminated the generation and emissions of gaseous SO2. This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and conversion mechanism of the method, and evaluated its industrial applicability. A bench-scale test showed direct recoveries of 93.5 % and 97.7% in crude lead and ferrous matte for lead and sulfur, respectively. The phase transformation mechanism study indicated that metallic lead from the lead paste was extracted mainly through the sequence of PbSO4PbSPbO. Sulfur in PbSO4 was thus first transferred to PbS and finally fixed as FeS. An industrial-scale pilot campaign was also conducted to confirm the feasibility and reliability of the new process.
Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Fangwen Liao; Rongbo Zhu; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Yuejun Wang; Ari Jokilaakso. Novel recycling process for lead-acid battery paste without SO2 generation - Reaction mechanism and industrial pilot campaign. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 217, 162 -171.
AMA StyleYun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Fangwen Liao, Rongbo Zhu, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Yuejun Wang, Ari Jokilaakso. Novel recycling process for lead-acid battery paste without SO2 generation - Reaction mechanism and industrial pilot campaign. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 217 ():162-171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Shenghai Yang; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Fangwen Liao; Rongbo Zhu; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Yuejun Wang; Ari Jokilaakso. 2019. "Novel recycling process for lead-acid battery paste without SO2 generation - Reaction mechanism and industrial pilot campaign." Journal of Cleaner Production 217, no. : 162-171.
An FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary slag with low melting point was developed for the bath-smelting reduction of Sb2O3. First, the optimum composition of the designed slag was determined through practical experiments to be 36.2% FeO, 31.9% SiO2, 12.0% CaO, and 20.0% Na2O, such that FeO/SiO2 was 1.14. The effects of the main variables influencing the yield and content of antimony in the smelting slag were investigated in detail for the content-optimized slag, and the following optimum smelting conditions were determined: smelting duration of 50 min, rate of coke, i.e., coke dosage of 12.5 wt.%, and smelting temperature of 1000°C. These conditions enabled high recovery of antimony, > 92.0%, and low antimony content in the slag of around 0.97%; the values of both these parameters are superior to those achieved by existing processes.
Longgang Ye; Chaobo Tang; Heng Liu; Yongming Chen. Efficient Bath-Smelting Reduction of Antimony Oxide in FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O Quaternary Slag with Low Melting Point. JOM 2019, 71, 3903 -3908.
AMA StyleLonggang Ye, Chaobo Tang, Heng Liu, Yongming Chen. Efficient Bath-Smelting Reduction of Antimony Oxide in FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O Quaternary Slag with Low Melting Point. JOM. 2019; 71 (11):3903-3908.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLonggang Ye; Chaobo Tang; Heng Liu; Yongming Chen. 2019. "Efficient Bath-Smelting Reduction of Antimony Oxide in FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O Quaternary Slag with Low Melting Point." JOM 71, no. 11: 3903-3908.
An innovative lead recycling process from scrap lead-acid battery paste is presented. The novelty in the process is avoiding SO2 generation and emission by using reductive sulfur-fixing technique. Iron-bearing secondary wastes produced from metallurgical industry were utilized as sulfur-fixing agent to capture sulfur in the form of FeS (s) instead of generation of SO2 (g). Na2CO3 molten salt was added to the smelting system to speed the reactions and improve valuable metals’ recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency. Furthermore, this process can simultaneously co-treat various lead and iron-bearing wastes. At the same time, some precious metals, such as Au and Ag, contained in iron-bearing wastes can be recovered. The feasibility and reliability of this process was investigated thermodynamically and experimentally with the help of HSC 9.0 database and XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. A possible reaction mechanism and path in PbSO4–Fe2O3–Na2CO3–C smelting system was also clarified.
Yun Li; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Lassi Klemettinen; Minna Rämä; Xingbang Wan; Ari Jokilaakso. A New Pyrometallurgical Recycling Technique for Lead Battery Paste Without SO2 Generation—A Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 1109 -1120.
AMA StyleYun Li, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Shenghai Yang, Lassi Klemettinen, Minna Rämä, Xingbang Wan, Ari Jokilaakso. A New Pyrometallurgical Recycling Technique for Lead Battery Paste Without SO2 Generation—A Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():1109-1120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Lassi Klemettinen; Minna Rämä; Xingbang Wan; Ari Jokilaakso. 2018. "A New Pyrometallurgical Recycling Technique for Lead Battery Paste Without SO2 Generation—A Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 1109-1120.
Most of hydrometallurgical zinc residues were stored in slag dump and unprocessed worldwide. Heavy metal and acid contained in these residues can be dissolved in rain water and then transfer to soil and groundwater system whereas threatening the health of aquatic systems and ecosystem. In this work, an innovative slag cleaning technique (reducing-matting smelting-thermal decomposition reduction) was proposed to harmlessly co-treat jarosite residue and lead silver residue, which can avoid environmental pollution and at the same time, effectively recover the valuable metal. Thermodynamic analysis and experimental results indicated that reducing atmosphere was a significant smelting parameter for recovery of valuable metal. Sulfur contained in various residues can be fixed in the form of solid sulfide (ferrous matte) without generation and emission of SO2(g). Moreover, the matte product is a good collector for silver collection. In addition, various smelting parameters were investigated in detail to detect and obtain the smelting optimum condition: 12% coke addition, FeO/SiO2=1.6, CaO/SiO2=0.4, smelting temperature 1300°C and smelting time 2.5h. Under these smelting condition, the recovery of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ag can reach 98.82%, 98.84%, 90.35% and 97.17%. The feasibility and reliability of this innovative process were confirmed. The main phases in the slag are CaFe·2SiO2,NaCaAlSi2O7 and silicate. It can be used in cement production so that the secondary pollution of slag can be avoided. Copper matte is comprised of FeS, Cu10(Pb,Fe)S6,Cu5FeS6 and Fe9S11. Ag is inlaid in copper mattes in the form of silver particles.
Lei Tang; Chaobo Tang; Jin Xiao; Ping Zeng; Motang Tang. A cleaner process for valuable metals recovery from hydrometallurgical zinc residue. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 201, 764 -773.
AMA StyleLei Tang, Chaobo Tang, Jin Xiao, Ping Zeng, Motang Tang. A cleaner process for valuable metals recovery from hydrometallurgical zinc residue. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 201 ():764-773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Tang; Chaobo Tang; Jin Xiao; Ping Zeng; Motang Tang. 2018. "A cleaner process for valuable metals recovery from hydrometallurgical zinc residue." Journal of Cleaner Production 201, no. : 764-773.
Spent cathode carbon (SCC) from aluminum electrolysis has been treated in ultrasonic-assisted caustic leaching and acid leaching process, and purified SCC used as carbon source to synthesize silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated. Chemical and mineralogical properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Various experimental factors temperature, time, liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, and initial concentration of alkali or acid affecting on SCC leaching result were studied. After co-treatment with ultrasonic-assisted caustic leaching and acid leaching, carbon content of leaching residue was 97.53%. SiC power was synthesized by carbothermal reduction at 1600 °C, as a result of yield of 76.43%, and specific surface area of 4378 cm(2)/g. This is the first report of using purified SCC and gangue to prepare SiC. The two industrial wastes have been used newly as secondary sources. Furthermore, ultrasonic showed significant effect in SCC leaching process.
Jie Yuan; Jin Xiao; Fachuang Li; Bingjie Wang; Zhen Yao; Bailie Yu; Liuyun Zhang. Co-treatment of spent cathode carbon in caustic and acid leaching process under ultrasonic assisted for preparation of SiC. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2018, 41, 608 -618.
AMA StyleJie Yuan, Jin Xiao, Fachuang Li, Bingjie Wang, Zhen Yao, Bailie Yu, Liuyun Zhang. Co-treatment of spent cathode carbon in caustic and acid leaching process under ultrasonic assisted for preparation of SiC. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2018; 41 ():608-618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Yuan; Jin Xiao; Fachuang Li; Bingjie Wang; Zhen Yao; Bailie Yu; Liuyun Zhang. 2018. "Co-treatment of spent cathode carbon in caustic and acid leaching process under ultrasonic assisted for preparation of SiC." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 41, no. : 608-618.
Chang-Hong Wang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Yi Yuan; Yong-Ming Chen; Biao Wang; Jing He; Chao-Bo Tang. Corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous isopropanol and acetonitrile solutions containing bromide ions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017, 27, 1896 -1906.
AMA StyleChang-Hong Wang, Sheng-Hai Yang, Yi Yuan, Yong-Ming Chen, Biao Wang, Jing He, Chao-Bo Tang. Corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous isopropanol and acetonitrile solutions containing bromide ions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017; 27 (8):1896-1906.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Hong Wang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Yi Yuan; Yong-Ming Chen; Biao Wang; Jing He; Chao-Bo Tang. 2017. "Corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous isopropanol and acetonitrile solutions containing bromide ions." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 27, no. 8: 1896-1906.
Chang-Hong Wang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Yong-Ming Chen; Yan-Zeng Wu; Jing He; Chao-Bo Tang. Optimization of parameters, characterization and thermal property analysis of hafnium ethoxide synthesized by electrochemical method. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017, 27, 694 -700.
AMA StyleChang-Hong Wang, Sheng-Hai Yang, Yong-Ming Chen, Yan-Zeng Wu, Jing He, Chao-Bo Tang. Optimization of parameters, characterization and thermal property analysis of hafnium ethoxide synthesized by electrochemical method. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017; 27 (3):694-700.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Hong Wang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Yong-Ming Chen; Yan-Zeng Wu; Jing He; Chao-Bo Tang. 2017. "Optimization of parameters, characterization and thermal property analysis of hafnium ethoxide synthesized by electrochemical method." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 27, no. 3: 694-700.
In this work, a new innovative slag cleaning technique was presented to economically and environmentally friendly recover valuable metals from cobalt-bearing copper smelter slag. CaSO-rich gypsum waste was used as sulfurizing agent to efficiently and selectively sulfurize and recover valuable metals lost in the slag at reductive atmosphere. Thermodynamic analysis and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the feasibility and reliability of this new process. The optimum slag cleaning conditions were determined as follow: reductive agent coke dosage of 12%, 20% CaSO addition of smelter slag weight, smelting at 1350°C for 3h. Under the optimum conditions, 92.04% Cu and 95.62% Co were enriched and recovered in copper-cobalt matte. The contents of Cu and Co in cleaned slag dropped to levels lower than 0.2% and 0.045% respectively. Selectivity recovery ratio of Cu/Fe and Co/Fe can reach 6.00 and 6.24 respectively. Calcium-rich and iron-poor cleaned slag property was more beneficial for minimizing cobalt and copper losses in slag. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The Cu-Co matte primarily comprised iron sulphide (FeS), geerite (CuS), iron cobalt sulphide (FeCoS), independent cobalt sulphide (CoS) and some metallic Cu, Co and Fe. Copper and cobalt in resultant matte attended to appear separately in different mineral phases. The cleaned slag mainly contained fayalite (FeSiO), hedenbergite (CaFeSiO) and magnetite (FeO).
Yun Li; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Jing He; Motang Tang. Co-treatment of waste smelting slags and gypsum wastes via reductive-sulfurizing smelting for valuable metals recovery. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2017, 322, 402 -412.
AMA StyleYun Li, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Shenghai Yang, Jing He, Motang Tang. Co-treatment of waste smelting slags and gypsum wastes via reductive-sulfurizing smelting for valuable metals recovery. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2017; 322 ():402-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Jing He; Motang Tang. 2017. "Co-treatment of waste smelting slags and gypsum wastes via reductive-sulfurizing smelting for valuable metals recovery." Journal of Hazardous Materials 322, no. : 402-412.
A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were investigated in details, respectively. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: 1.0 time stoichiometric requirement (α) of mixed sodium salt (αsalt = 1.0), WNaCl:Wsalt = 40%, αFe2O3 = 1.0, Wcoke:Wstibnite = 40%, where W represents weight, smelting at 850 °C (1123 K) for 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of antimony can reach 91.48%, and crude antimony with a purity of 96.00% has been achieved. 95.31% of sulfur is fixed in form of FeS in the presence of iron oxide. Meanwhile, precious metals contained in stibnite concentrate are enriched and recovered comprehensively in crude antimony. In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the smelting temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to 850–900 °C (1123–1173 K). Sulfur obtained in stibnite is fixed in FeS which avoids SO2 emission owing to the sulfur-fixing agent. Sodium salt can be regenerated and recycled in smelting system when the molten slag is operated to filter solid residue. The solid residue is subjected to mineral dressing operation to obtain iron sulfide concentrate which can be sold directly or roasted to regenerate into iron oxide.
Yun Li; Yongming Chen; Haotian Xue; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Motang Tang. One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent. Metals 2016, 6, 153 .
AMA StyleYun Li, Yongming Chen, Haotian Xue, Chaobo Tang, Shenghai Yang, Motang Tang. One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent. Metals. 2016; 6 (7):153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Li; Yongming Chen; Haotian Xue; Chaobo Tang; Shenghai Yang; Motang Tang. 2016. "One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent." Metals 6, no. 7: 153.
Sheng-Hai Yang; Hao Li; Yan-Wei Sun; Yong-Ming Chen; Chao-Bo Tang; Jing He. Leaching kinetics of zinc silicate in ammonium chloride solution. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016, 26, 1688 -1695.
AMA StyleSheng-Hai Yang, Hao Li, Yan-Wei Sun, Yong-Ming Chen, Chao-Bo Tang, Jing He. Leaching kinetics of zinc silicate in ammonium chloride solution. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016; 26 (6):1688-1695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheng-Hai Yang; Hao Li; Yan-Wei Sun; Yong-Ming Chen; Chao-Bo Tang; Jing He. 2016. "Leaching kinetics of zinc silicate in ammonium chloride solution." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 26, no. 6: 1688-1695.
Schematic of new molten salt smelting of bismuthinite concentrate to extract Bi at low temperature.
Lin Linwenrong; Shenghai Yang; Chaobo Tang; Yongming Chen; Longgang Ye. One-step extraction of bismuth from bismuthinite in sodium carbonate–sodium chloride molten salt using ferric oxide as sulfur-fixing agent. RSC Advances 2016, 6, 49717 -49723.
AMA StyleLin Linwenrong, Shenghai Yang, Chaobo Tang, Yongming Chen, Longgang Ye. One-step extraction of bismuth from bismuthinite in sodium carbonate–sodium chloride molten salt using ferric oxide as sulfur-fixing agent. RSC Advances. 2016; 6 (55):49717-49723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin Linwenrong; Shenghai Yang; Chaobo Tang; Yongming Chen; Longgang Ye. 2016. "One-step extraction of bismuth from bismuthinite in sodium carbonate–sodium chloride molten salt using ferric oxide as sulfur-fixing agent." RSC Advances 6, no. 55: 49717-49723.
The interaction between molten Na2CO3–NaCl salt and Sb and the solubility of Sb in molten salt were investigated in the temperature range of 700–1000 °C. The results show that the dissolution equilibrium of Sb in molten salt can be achieved in 3 h, and the amount of Sb dissolved in the melt decreases as the viscosity decreases. The solubility limits in an eutectic mixture were determined as 5.42%, 2.42%, 0.75% and 0.68% at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C, respectively. A high temperature and appropriate content of NaCl will decrease the dissolution of Sb. The insoluble Sb was collected at the bottom of molten salt. The Sb dissolved on the surface of the molten salt is easily oxidized, whereas the Sb dissolved inside the molten salt is randomly distributed in terms of the form of metal Sb.
Yong-Ming Chen; Long-Gang Ye; Chao-Bo Tang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Mo-Tang Tang; Wen-Hai Zhang. Solubility of Sb in binary Na2CO3–NaCl molten salt. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015, 25, 3146 -3151.
AMA StyleYong-Ming Chen, Long-Gang Ye, Chao-Bo Tang, Sheng-Hai Yang, Mo-Tang Tang, Wen-Hai Zhang. Solubility of Sb in binary Na2CO3–NaCl molten salt. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2015; 25 (9):3146-3151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong-Ming Chen; Long-Gang Ye; Chao-Bo Tang; Sheng-Hai Yang; Mo-Tang Tang; Wen-Hai Zhang. 2015. "Solubility of Sb in binary Na2CO3–NaCl molten salt." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 25, no. 9: 3146-3151.
The electrochemical behaviors of hafnium (Hf) in Et4NBr ethanol solutions were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometry, impedance and SEM techniques.
Changhong Wang; Shenghai Yang; Yongming Chen; Biao Wang; Jing He; Chaobo Tang. Effect of bromide ions on the corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous ethanol. RSC Advances 2015, 5, 34580 -34587.
AMA StyleChanghong Wang, Shenghai Yang, Yongming Chen, Biao Wang, Jing He, Chaobo Tang. Effect of bromide ions on the corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous ethanol. RSC Advances. 2015; 5 (44):34580-34587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChanghong Wang; Shenghai Yang; Yongming Chen; Biao Wang; Jing He; Chaobo Tang. 2015. "Effect of bromide ions on the corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous ethanol." RSC Advances 5, no. 44: 34580-34587.
Longgang Ye; Chaobo Tang; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang; Jianguang Yang; Wenhai Zhang. One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium Carbonate – Sodium Chloride binary molten salt. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015, 93, 134 -139.
AMA StyleLonggang Ye, Chaobo Tang, Yongming Chen, Shenghai Yang, Jianguang Yang, Wenhai Zhang. One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium Carbonate – Sodium Chloride binary molten salt. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015; 93 ():134-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLonggang Ye; Chaobo Tang; Yongming Chen; Shenghai Yang; Jianguang Yang; Wenhai Zhang. 2015. "One-step extraction of antimony from low-grade stibnite in Sodium Carbonate – Sodium Chloride binary molten salt." Journal of Cleaner Production 93, no. : 134-139.