A vibration energy harvesting system based on fully printed piezoelectric transducers is realized. The transducers have a butterfly‐like architecture based on two single‐optimized cantilevers with a resonance frequency tuned to 49.5 Hz and can be easily mounted to an industrial engine. By comparing single‐ and multistack configurations of the piezoelectric layers combined with full‐wave or voltage doubler rectifiers, the power transfer characteristics and impedance can be matched to the electrical requirements of the sensing circuitry. A single stack with 21 μm thickness results in the maximum power output of 14.4 μW at a vibration velocity of 11.5 mm s−1, typical for industrial engines. The system is used to power a wireless sensor node on a 1 kW rotary pump in normal operation. The system can harvest up to 138 mJ within 24 h, sufficient for daily remote monitoring of the engine's vibration spectrum and temperature state. The system is thus suitable as a low‐cost, ecofriendly power source for industrial IoT applications.
Pressure sensors integrated in surfaces, such as the floor, can enable movement, event, and object detection with relatively little effort and without raising privacy concerns, such as video surveillance. Usually, this requires a distributed array of sensor pixels, whose design must be optimized according to the expected use case to reduce implementation costs while providing sufficient sensitivity. In this work, we present an unobtrusive smart floor concept based on floor tiles equipped with a printed piezoelectric sensor matrix. The sensor element adds less than 130 µm in thickness to the floor tile and offers a pressure sensitivity of 36 pC/N for a 1 cm2 pixel size. A floor model was established to simulate how the localized pressure excitation acting on the floor spreads into the sensor layer, where the error is only 1.5%. The model is valuable for optimizing the pixel density and arrangement for event and object detection while considering the smart floor implementation in buildings. Finally, a demonstration, including wireless connection to the computer, is presented, showing the viability of the tile to detect finger touch or movement of a metallic rod.
In recent decades, energy harvesting in rotating tires has been an active field of research as this could avoid the use of toxic batteries, which are currently used to power pressure monitoring systems installed in millions of cars worldwide. However, due to the harsh mechanical conditions in a tire and the economic competition with low-cost and widely spread batteries, self-powered tire pressure monitoring systems have not yet entered the market. In this work we present a fully integrated and self-powered bicycle tube pressure monitoring system using a multilayer piezoelectric energy harvester based on P(VDF-TrFE) fabricated using low-cost and scalable screen-printing. The harvester design was optimised to increase the power output. In addition, the long-term durability of the system up to 5000 km was investigated. The durability tests show that for a real-world application, a compromise must be found between energy output and durability since both factors depend in opposite ways on the mechanical stress in the system.