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This paper proposes a practical approach to assess wind energy resource and calculate annual energy production for use on university courses in engineering. To this end, two practical exercises were designed in the open-source software GNU Octave (compatible with MATLAB) using both synthetic and field data. The script used to generate the synthetic data as well as those created to develop the practical exercises are included for the benefit of other educational bodies. With the first exercise the students learn how to characterize the wind resource at the wind turbine hub height and adjust it to the Weibull distribution. Two examples are included in this exercise: one with an appropriate fit and another where the Weibull distribution does not fit properly to the generated data. Furthermore, in this exercise, field data (gathered with a LiDAR remote sensing device) is also used to calculate shear exponents for a proper characterisation of the wind profile. The second exercise consists of the calculation of the annual energy production of a wind power plant, where the students can assess the influence of different factors (wind speed, rotor diameter, rated power, etc.) in the project. The exercises proposed can easily be implemented through either in-class or online teaching modes.
Estefania Artigao; Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez; Andrés Honrubia-Escribano; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind Resource and Wind Power Generation Assessment for Education in Engineering. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2444 .
AMA StyleEstefania Artigao, Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez, Andrés Honrubia-Escribano, Sergio Martín-Martínez, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind Resource and Wind Power Generation Assessment for Education in Engineering. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefania Artigao; Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez; Andrés Honrubia-Escribano; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. 2021. "Wind Resource and Wind Power Generation Assessment for Education in Engineering." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2444.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) activities represent a significant share of the total expenditure of a wind farm. Of these expenses, costs associated with unexpected failures account for the highest percentage. Therefore, it is clear that early detection of wind turbine (WT) failures, which can be achieved through appropriate condition monitoring (CM), is critical to reduce O&M costs. The use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data has recently been recognized as an effective solution for CM since most modern WTs record large amounts of parameters using their SCADA systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can convert SCADA data into information that can be used for early detection of WT failures. This work presents a systematic literature review (SLR) with the aim to assess the use of SCADA data and AI for CM of WTs. To this end, we formulated four research questions as follows: (i) What are the current challenges of WT CM? (ii) What are the WT components to which CM has been applied? (iii) What are the SCADA variables used? and (iv) What AI techniques are currently under research? Further to answering the research questions, we identify the lack of accessible WT SCADA data towards research and the need for its standardization. Our SLR was developed by reviewing more than 95 scientific articles published in the last three years.
Jorge Maldonado-Correa; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Estefania Artigao; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Using SCADA Data for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review. Energies 2020, 13, 3132 .
AMA StyleJorge Maldonado-Correa, Sergio Martín-Martínez, Estefania Artigao, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Using SCADA Data for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Maldonado-Correa; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Estefania Artigao; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. 2020. "Using SCADA Data for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review." Energies 13, no. 12: 3132.
This work presents a comprehensive study of the performance of six large photovoltaic (PV) power plants with different mounting topologies over several years of operation. This is a marked contrast to most available performance studies which focus on the study of a single installation of low rated power and one mounting type. The performance results are obtained following the guidelines of Standard IEC 61724 and largely coincide with those expected considering the plants’ location in the South-Central Region of Spain, with a total system efficiency ranging between 10% and 12%. Moreover, some performance trends are identified and associated with mounting system, size and location. Finally, it is concluded that the added complexity of dual-axis tracking systems in the operation and maintenance was underestimated in the design phase of the PV power plants. Wind speed has emerged as a key parameter, not only due to the cooling effect on the PV panels but also as a result of its impact on the availability of energy generation.
S. Martín-Martínez; M. Cañas-Carretón; A. Honrubia-Escribano; E. Gómez-Lázaro. Performance evaluation of large solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 183, 515 -528.
AMA StyleS. Martín-Martínez, M. Cañas-Carretón, A. Honrubia-Escribano, E. Gómez-Lázaro. Performance evaluation of large solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 183 ():515-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Martín-Martínez; M. Cañas-Carretón; A. Honrubia-Escribano; E. Gómez-Lázaro. 2019. "Performance evaluation of large solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain." Energy Conversion and Management 183, no. : 515-528.
New computational techniques for simulating a large array of wind turbines are highly needed to model modern electrical grid networks. In this paper, an implementation of a doubly fed induction generator wind turbine model solver is proposed. This solver will run on an NVIDIA graphic processing unit, and it will be coded using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA). The implementation will integrate a linear time-invariant system represented by state-space matrices. It has been implemented a CUDA kernel capable of simulating many wind turbines in parallel with different wind profiles and using different configurations. Strategies such as optimizing memory access and overlapping data transfers with the kernel were used to obtain the results. The CUDA implementation reaches an occupancy of 95%, while simulating 500 wind turbines where each unit is subject to a different wind profile or using different configuration parameters.
Alberto Jiménez-Ruiz; Miguel Cañas-Carretón; Gerardo Fernández-Escribano; Damián Ruiz-Coll; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind farm simulations based on a DFIG machine using parallel programming. The Journal of Supercomputing 2018, 75, 1641 -1653.
AMA StyleAlberto Jiménez-Ruiz, Miguel Cañas-Carretón, Gerardo Fernández-Escribano, Damián Ruiz-Coll, Sergio Martín-Martínez, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind farm simulations based on a DFIG machine using parallel programming. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2018; 75 (3):1641-1653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Jiménez-Ruiz; Miguel Cañas-Carretón; Gerardo Fernández-Escribano; Damián Ruiz-Coll; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. 2018. "Wind farm simulations based on a DFIG machine using parallel programming." The Journal of Supercomputing 75, no. 3: 1641-1653.
The current work presents a review of wind turbine reliability studies. Thirteen reliability studies were identified in the scientific literature, highlighting the lack of public reliability data. We present the differences across the studies, with great effort being made to unify the various studies to obtain comparable results. To this end, we have endeavoured to develop a wind turbine taxonomy that is common across the different studies, formed by thirteen assemblies, and the failure rates and downtimes from each study have been normalised. The results establish differences between the least reliable assemblies, categorised as critical, and the most reliable ones. Small differences emerge between onshore and offshore locations, and between studies on European wind farms and others in the U.S. and China. The influence on the total failures and downtime of the most recent studies is evaluated against older studies. These results will contribute to elucidate the right direction for condition monitoring design and development, and therefore to improve reliability and availability of wind turbines.
Estefania Artigao; Sergio Martín Martínez; Andrés Honrubia Escribano; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind turbine reliability: A comprehensive review towards effective condition monitoring development. Applied Energy 2018, 228, 1569 -1583.
AMA StyleEstefania Artigao, Sergio Martín Martínez, Andrés Honrubia Escribano, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. Wind turbine reliability: A comprehensive review towards effective condition monitoring development. Applied Energy. 2018; 228 ():1569-1583.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstefania Artigao; Sergio Martín Martínez; Andrés Honrubia Escribano; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. 2018. "Wind turbine reliability: A comprehensive review towards effective condition monitoring development." Applied Energy 228, no. : 1569-1583.
Ancillary services are intended to ensure the quality, reliability, and security conditions of the electricity supply. Active power‐related ancillary services are considered balancing services, including mandatory services, such as spinning or primary regulation, and optional services, such as secondary and tertiary regulation. These optional balancing services have typically been supplied by conventional power plants, but since their contribution to the production share is decreasing due to high renewable energy penetration, power system operators are currently in need of alternatives. In addition, the recent advances in both the wind power industry and power system observability and controllability, and the necessary changes in balancing markets have made it technically and economically possible for wind power plants to contribute to optional balancing services. Under this framework, our study focuses on the contribution of wind power to balancing markets in the Spanish power system. Specifically, this work analyses the operational capability test for wind energy active power ancillary services provision and the results of the participation of wind energy to tertiary regulation and imbalance management from February 2016 to July 2017. Furthermore, the analysis includes a comparison with other generation technologies and the identification of upward and downward direction margins. These results show the real experience of the contribution of Spanish wind energy to optional active power ancillary services. This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Sergio Martín‐Martínez; Alberto Lorenzo‐Bonache; Andrés Honrubia‐Escribano; Miguel Cañas Carretón; Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro. Contribution of wind energy to balancing markets: The case of Spain. WIREs Energy and Environment 2018, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleSergio Martín‐Martínez, Alberto Lorenzo‐Bonache, Andrés Honrubia‐Escribano, Miguel Cañas Carretón, Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro. Contribution of wind energy to balancing markets: The case of Spain. WIREs Energy and Environment. 2018; 7 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Martín‐Martínez; Alberto Lorenzo‐Bonache; Andrés Honrubia‐Escribano; Miguel Cañas Carretón; Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro. 2018. "Contribution of wind energy to balancing markets: The case of Spain." WIREs Energy and Environment 7, no. 5: 1.
A. Honrubia-Escribano; E. Gómez-Lázaro; J. Fortmann; Poul Ejnar Sørensen; Sergio Martín Martínez. Generic dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 81, 1939 -1952.
AMA StyleA. Honrubia-Escribano, E. Gómez-Lázaro, J. Fortmann, Poul Ejnar Sørensen, Sergio Martín Martínez. Generic dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81 ():1939-1952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Honrubia-Escribano; E. Gómez-Lázaro; J. Fortmann; Poul Ejnar Sørensen; Sergio Martín Martínez. 2018. "Generic dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, no. : 1939-1952.
Significant wind power ramps have a remarkable influence on the integration of wind power. Their variability and uncertainty affect to the wind power forecast increasing the error and reducing the reliability in the continued operation of the power system. Ramp events are considered the main source of forecasting error and their study is imperative for an improvement of prediction tools. In this aspect, the first steps to achieve a study of the influence are identifying, grouping and temporal characterizing of the ramp events. This paper develops a methodology for wind power ramp events recognition in order to analyze the relationship between these events and the accuracy of the wind power forecast system according with two criteria: maximum forecast deviation and mean magnitude error. The methodology is validated using real data from the highly aggregated Spanish power system and short time timescale forecasting values.
S. Martin Martinez; A. Honrubia Escribano; Miguel Cañas Carretón; E. Gomez Lazaro; João P. S. Catalão. Influence of wind power ramp rates in short-time wind power forecast error for highly aggregated capacity. 2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) 2016, 1 -6.
AMA StyleS. Martin Martinez, A. Honrubia Escribano, Miguel Cañas Carretón, E. Gomez Lazaro, João P. S. Catalão. Influence of wind power ramp rates in short-time wind power forecast error for highly aggregated capacity. 2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). 2016; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Martin Martinez; A. Honrubia Escribano; Miguel Cañas Carretón; E. Gomez Lazaro; João P. S. Catalão. 2016. "Influence of wind power ramp rates in short-time wind power forecast error for highly aggregated capacity." 2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) , no. : 1-6.
Hydro power is one of the most flexible sources of electricity production. Power systems with considerable amounts of flexible hydro power potentially offer easier integration of variable generation, e.g., wind and solar. However, there exist operational constraints to ensure mid‐/long‐term security of supply while keeping river flows and reservoirs levels within permitted limits. In order to properly assess the effective available hydro power flexibility and its value for storage, a detailed assessment of hydro power is essential. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the weather‐dependent hydrological cycle, regulation constraints on the hydro system, and uncertainty of internal load as well as variable generation (wind and solar), this assessment is complex. Hence, it requires proper modeling of all the underlying interactions between hydro power and the power system, with a large share of other variable renewables. A summary of existing experience of wind integration in hydro‐dominated power systems clearly points to strict simulation methodologies. Recommendations include requirements for techno‐economic models to correctly assess strategies for hydro power and pumped storage dispatch. These models are based not only on seasonal water inflow variations but also on variable generation, and all these are in time horizons from very short term up to multiple years, depending on the studied system. Another important recommendation is to include a geographically detailed description of hydro power systems, rivers’ flows, and reservoirs as well as grid topology and congestion. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e220. doi: 10.1002/wene.220 This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Science and Materials Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Daniel Huertas-Hernando; Hossein Farahmand; Hannele Holttinen; Juha Kiviluoma; Erkka Rinne; Lennart Söder; Michael Milligan; Eduardo Ibanez; Sergio Martín Martínez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Ana Estanqueiro; Luis Rodrigues; Luis Carr; Serafin Van Roon; Antje Gesa Orths; Peter Børre Eriksen; Alain Forcione; Nickie Menemenlis. Hydro power flexibility for power systems with variable renewable energy sources: an IEA Task 25 collaboration. WIREs Energy and Environment 2016, 6, e220 .
AMA StyleDaniel Huertas-Hernando, Hossein Farahmand, Hannele Holttinen, Juha Kiviluoma, Erkka Rinne, Lennart Söder, Michael Milligan, Eduardo Ibanez, Sergio Martín Martínez, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Ana Estanqueiro, Luis Rodrigues, Luis Carr, Serafin Van Roon, Antje Gesa Orths, Peter Børre Eriksen, Alain Forcione, Nickie Menemenlis. Hydro power flexibility for power systems with variable renewable energy sources: an IEA Task 25 collaboration. WIREs Energy and Environment. 2016; 6 (1):e220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Huertas-Hernando; Hossein Farahmand; Hannele Holttinen; Juha Kiviluoma; Erkka Rinne; Lennart Söder; Michael Milligan; Eduardo Ibanez; Sergio Martín Martínez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Ana Estanqueiro; Luis Rodrigues; Luis Carr; Serafin Van Roon; Antje Gesa Orths; Peter Børre Eriksen; Alain Forcione; Nickie Menemenlis. 2016. "Hydro power flexibility for power systems with variable renewable energy sources: an IEA Task 25 collaboration." WIREs Energy and Environment 6, no. 1: e220.
The Weibull probability distribution has been widely applied to characterize wind speeds for wind energy resources. Wind power generation modeling is different, however, due in particular to power curve limitations, wind turbine control methods, and transmission system operation requirements. These differences are even greater for aggregated wind power generation in power systems with high wind penetration. Consequently, models based on one-Weibull component can provide poor characterizations for aggregated wind power generation. With this aim, the present paper focuses on discussing Weibull mixtures to characterize the probability density function (PDF) for aggregated wind power generation. PDFs of wind power data are firstly classified attending to hourly and seasonal patterns. The selection of the number of components in the mixture is analyzed through two well-known different criteria: the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Finally, the optimal number of Weibull components for maximum likelihood is explored for the defined patterns, including the estimated weight, scale, and shape parameters. Results show that multi-Weibull models are more suitable to characterize aggregated wind power data due to the impact of distributed generation, variety of wind speed values and wind power curtailment.
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro; María Carmen Bueso; Mathieu Kessler; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Jie Zhang; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Angel Molina-Garcia. Probability Density Function Characterization for Aggregated Large-Scale Wind Power Based on Weibull Mixtures. Energies 2016, 9, 91 .
AMA StyleEmilio Gómez-Lázaro, María Carmen Bueso, Mathieu Kessler, Sergio Martín-Martínez, Jie Zhang, Bri-Mathias Hodge, Angel Molina-Garcia. Probability Density Function Characterization for Aggregated Large-Scale Wind Power Based on Weibull Mixtures. Energies. 2016; 9 (2):91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilio Gómez-Lázaro; María Carmen Bueso; Mathieu Kessler; Sergio Martín-Martínez; Jie Zhang; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Angel Molina-Garcia. 2016. "Probability Density Function Characterization for Aggregated Large-Scale Wind Power Based on Weibull Mixtures." Energies 9, no. 2: 91.
Although there is ample research about Kolb's learning styles, few studies have examined their relationship with motivations to transfer, a concept used to assess whether the content and competencies learned through professional training activities are transferred to the workplace context. Ninety-six students (M=24.58 years old; 99% males) from three vocational training institutes participated in laboratory activities at the Renewable Energy Research Institute of the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. They completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory; two scales adapted to measure student motivation to transfer their learning from training experiences; and a scale of satisfaction with the activities. A correlation analysis showed positive and moderately strong correlations (r=.708; p<.01) between motivations to transfer and “the relevance of the activities to academic performance”. A discriminant analysis between transfer and learning styles revealed that the “Student training motivation” item resulted in a distinct difference between assimilators and convergers, explaining 97.1% of the model variance (Wilks’ λ=.459; χ2=21.028; Sig.=.002) and classifying 56.4% of the cases. A discussion is presented as to the implications of these results for the theory of learning styles and the ways in which the design of the educational activities described in the study can be improved
Pablo Olivos; Antonio Santos; Sergio Martín Martínez; Miguel Cañas; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro; Yuxa Maya. The relationship between learning styles and motivation to transfer of learning in a vocational training programme. Suma Psicológica 2016, 23, 25 -32.
AMA StylePablo Olivos, Antonio Santos, Sergio Martín Martínez, Miguel Cañas, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, Yuxa Maya. The relationship between learning styles and motivation to transfer of learning in a vocational training programme. Suma Psicológica. 2016; 23 (1):25-32.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Olivos; Antonio Santos; Sergio Martín Martínez; Miguel Cañas; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro; Yuxa Maya. 2016. "The relationship between learning styles and motivation to transfer of learning in a vocational training programme." Suma Psicológica 23, no. 1: 25-32.
Wind forecast is an important consideration in integrating large amounts of wind power into the electricity grid. The wind power forecast error (WPFE) distribution can have a large impact on the confidence intervals produced in wind power forecasting. The problem of accurately wind energy forecasting has received a great deal of attention in recent years. There are always some errors associated with any forecasting methodology. It is thus necessary for the transmission system operators (TSOs) and the market participants to understand these errors. WPFE has an important role on system balance reserves calculation. As a result of the former, WPFE has an important economic impact in market costs. In this work, WPFE statistics are examined for Spanish power system over multiple timescales. Comparisons are made between the experimental data in different years and production ranges. The shape of WPFE probability density function (PDF) is found to change significantly with the length of the forecasting timescale and with wind power production range. Additionally, error sources and magnitudes are analyzed to establish their main characteristics. Finally a Markov chain (MC) probabilistic model is constructed using these WPFE data for validation.
S. Martín Martinez; A. Honrubia Escribano; M. Cañas Carretón; V. Guerrero Mestre; E. Gómez Lázaro. Wind Power Forecast Error Probabilistic Model Using Markov Chains. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2014, 55 -70.
AMA StyleS. Martín Martinez, A. Honrubia Escribano, M. Cañas Carretón, V. Guerrero Mestre, E. Gómez Lázaro. Wind Power Forecast Error Probabilistic Model Using Markov Chains. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2014; ():55-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Martín Martinez; A. Honrubia Escribano; M. Cañas Carretón; V. Guerrero Mestre; E. Gómez Lázaro. 2014. "Wind Power Forecast Error Probabilistic Model Using Markov Chains." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 55-70.
Andrés Honrubia Escribano; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Sergio Martín Martínez. Load influence on the response of AC-Contactors under power quality disturbances. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2014, 63, 846 -854.
AMA StyleAndrés Honrubia Escribano, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Angel Molina-Garcia, Sergio Martín Martínez. Load influence on the response of AC-Contactors under power quality disturbances. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2014; 63 ():846-854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés Honrubia Escribano; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Sergio Martín Martínez. 2014. "Load influence on the response of AC-Contactors under power quality disturbances." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 63, no. : 846-854.
The increasing level of wind power capacity in the Spanish electrical system imposes a remarkable influence on the system operation and costs. The notable impact caused by this type of renewable energy source is of particular interest because the Iberian Peninsula Power System presents weak interconnections with other countries. In this scenario, wind power fluctuations can also affect the security, reliability and even the stability of the power system. Moreover, the lack of flexibility during periods of low demand, in combination with wind power variability and uncertainty, may lead to transmission and distribution saturations and power imbalances, where wind power curtailments are commonly accepted as a suitable solution to mitigate these problems. This paper describes different wind power curtailment scenarios and the corresponding evolution of operational procedures carried out by the Spanish TSO during the last years. Several wind curtailment scenarios measured in the Spanish electrical system are analyzed, discussing the operational decisions and techniques developed depending on demand and generation flexibility. This paper presents thus interesting results for TSO Companies as well as the whole wind energy industry, where a better knowledge of wind energy impact on electrical networks is needed.
Sergio Martín Martínez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Andrés Honrubia Escribano. Impact of wind power curtailments on the Spanish Power System operation. 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition 2014, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSergio Martín Martínez, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Angel Molina-Garcia, Andrés Honrubia Escribano. Impact of wind power curtailments on the Spanish Power System operation. 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition. 2014; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Martín Martínez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Andrés Honrubia Escribano. 2014. "Impact of wind power curtailments on the Spanish Power System operation." 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition , no. : 1-5.
Power fluctuations could have a remarkable impact on power system operation and costs, in accordance with the increasing production of wind power worldwide. In systems with weak interconnections, such as Iberian Peninsula Power System, these fluctuations could be a security issue. In order to characterise the worst effects on power systems of wind power fluctuations, most negative wind power ramp rates can be used. In this study, one-year real data production of 17 wind farms, scattered over Spain, is analysed regarding the geographical smoothing effect on negative wind power ramp rates. Several control strategies are suggested to reduce the resulting aggregated negative ramps. For each strategy, the controlled power is compared with uncontrolled power output, studying the achieved reduction in negative ramps. The results give a comparison of such strategies, regarding energy losses and improvement for power system operation.
Sergio Martín‐Martínez; Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro; Antonio Vigueras‐Rodríguez; Juan Alvaro Fuentes‐Moreno; Angel Molina‐García. Analysis of positive ramp limitation control strategies for reducing wind power fluctuations. IET Renewable Power Generation 2013, 7, 593 -602.
AMA StyleSergio Martín‐Martínez, Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro, Antonio Vigueras‐Rodríguez, Juan Alvaro Fuentes‐Moreno, Angel Molina‐García. Analysis of positive ramp limitation control strategies for reducing wind power fluctuations. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2013; 7 (6):593-602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Martín‐Martínez; Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro; Antonio Vigueras‐Rodríguez; Juan Alvaro Fuentes‐Moreno; Angel Molina‐García. 2013. "Analysis of positive ramp limitation control strategies for reducing wind power fluctuations." IET Renewable Power Generation 7, no. 6: 593-602.
Demand for affordable, reliable, domestically sourced, and low-carbon electricity is on the rise. This growing demand is driven in part by evolving public policy priorities, especially reducing the health and environmental impacts of electricity service and expanding energy access to under-served customers. Consequently, variable renewable energy resources comprise an increasing share ofelectricity generation globally. At the same time, new opportunities for addressing the variability of renewables are being strengthened through advances in smart grids, communications, and technologies that enable dispatchable demand response and distributed generation to extend to the mass market. A key challenge of merging these opportunities is market design -- determining how to createincentives and compensate providers justly for attributes and performance that ensure a reliable and secure grid -- in a context that fully realizes the potential of a broad array of sources of flexibility in both the wholesale power and retail markets. This report reviews the suite of wholesale power market designs in use and under consideration to ensure adequacy, security, and flexibilityin a landscape of significant variable renewable energy. It also examines considerations needed to ensure that wholesale market designs are inclusive of emerging technologies, such as demand response, distributed generation, and storage.
Jaquelin Cochran; Mackay Miller; Michael Milligan; Erik Ela; Douglas Arent; Aaron Bloom; Matthew Futch; Juha Kiviluoma; Hannele Holtinnen; Antje Orths; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Sergio Martin-Martinez; S. Kukoda; Glycon Garcia; Kim M. Mikkelsen; Zhao Yongqiang; Kaare Sandholt. Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems. Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleJaquelin Cochran, Mackay Miller, Michael Milligan, Erik Ela, Douglas Arent, Aaron Bloom, Matthew Futch, Juha Kiviluoma, Hannele Holtinnen, Antje Orths, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Sergio Martin-Martinez, S. Kukoda, Glycon Garcia, Kim M. Mikkelsen, Zhao Yongqiang, Kaare Sandholt. Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems. Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaquelin Cochran; Mackay Miller; Michael Milligan; Erik Ela; Douglas Arent; Aaron Bloom; Matthew Futch; Juha Kiviluoma; Hannele Holtinnen; Antje Orths; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Sergio Martin-Martinez; S. Kukoda; Glycon Garcia; Kim M. Mikkelsen; Zhao Yongqiang; Kaare Sandholt. 2013. "Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems." Market Evolution: Wholesale Electricity Market Design for 21st Century Power Systems , no. : 1.
Sergio Martín-Martínez; Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Eduard Muljadi; Michael Millig. Wind Power Variability and Singular Events. Advances in Wind Power 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleSergio Martín-Martínez, Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, Angel Molina-Garcia, Eduard Muljadi, Michael Millig. Wind Power Variability and Singular Events. Advances in Wind Power. 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Martín-Martínez; Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez; Emilio Gómez-Lázaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Eduard Muljadi; Michael Millig. 2012. "Wind Power Variability and Singular Events." Advances in Wind Power , no. : 1.
A new three-phase digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is proposed to determine the instantaneous grid frequency under power system disturbances. The proposed solution is based on single-phase DPLL algorithms, defining the estimated grid frequency as a nonlinear weighted mean of the three single-phase DPLL outputs. Orthogonal signals required by the DPLL algorithms are obtained through a fictitious quadrature voltage using five different appropriated approaches. The proposed structures have been assessed through extensive analysis under balanced and unbalanced conditions. For this purpose, real voltage dips collected in a Spanish wind farm along several months are included in the paper as examples of frequency estimations. In addition, results from conventional three-phase DPLL topologies are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed DPLL structures.
Sergio Martin-Martinez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Juan Alvaro Fuentes; Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez; Sergio Amat Plata. A New Three-Phase DPLL Frequency Estimator Based on Nonlinear Weighted Mean for Power System Disturbances. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2012, 28, 179 -187.
AMA StyleSergio Martin-Martinez, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Angel Molina-Garcia, Juan Alvaro Fuentes, Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez, Sergio Amat Plata. A New Three-Phase DPLL Frequency Estimator Based on Nonlinear Weighted Mean for Power System Disturbances. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2012; 28 (1):179-187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Martin-Martinez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Juan Alvaro Fuentes; Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez; Sergio Amat Plata. 2012. "A New Three-Phase DPLL Frequency Estimator Based on Nonlinear Weighted Mean for Power System Disturbances." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28, no. 1: 179-187.
The ever increasing level of wind power penetration in Spain has a remarkable impact on power system operation and costs. Furthermore, the Iberian Peninsula Power System is considered to be a weak systems. With a weak interconnections, wind power fluctuations could affect the security, reliability and stability of power system. There are times when a combination of several events or several actions taken (coincidence or coordinated) may lead to the worst condition of power system. An evolution of procedures and regulations related to power system have been performed and developed by Spanish Transmission System Operator (TSO) to tackle these extreme events; thus, improving the overall wind power integration. This paper analyzes the wind power events and the evolution of procedures during past several years implemented by Spanish TSO. Events are analyzed from TSO perspective as well as from the wind farm and wind turbines point aspects. Operational decisions and techniques developed and performed by Spanish TSO to resolve these events are also described in this paper.
S. Martin-Martinez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez; M. Milligan; E. Muljadi. Participation of wind power plants in the Spanish power system during events. 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting 2012, 1 -8.
AMA StyleS. Martin-Martinez, Emilio Gomez-Lazaro, Angel Molina-Garcia, Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez, M. Milligan, E. Muljadi. Participation of wind power plants in the Spanish power system during events. 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. 2012; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Martin-Martinez; Emilio Gomez-Lazaro; Angel Molina-Garcia; Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez; M. Milligan; E. Muljadi. 2012. "Participation of wind power plants in the Spanish power system during events." 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting , no. : 1-8.