Purpose: Artificial tears only provide transient relief for dry eye. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to objectively compare treatment with artificial tears with Keratograph 5M, which allows accurate and objective investigation of dry eye and artificial tear treatment. We aimed to evaluate whether a preservative-free combination of 0.4% hyaluronic acid and 0.2% galactoxyloglucan can improve dry eye using the new topographer, Keratograph 5M. Patients and Methods: This prospective longitudinal, single-arm interventional cohort study was performed at a tertiary referral center and involved 20 patients with dry eye (40 eyes). Preservative-free artificial tears were administered every 3 h. The participants underwent clinical and instrumental evaluations at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after instillation and 1 week and 1 month after treatment. Baseline values were considered as the controls. All patients were assessed with Keratograph 5M for non-invasive Keratograph first break-up time and non-invasive Keratograph average break-up time, conjunctival hyperemia, and tear meniscus height. Ocular surface staining with fluorescein was evaluated using the slit-lamp and fluorescein break-up time examinations, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index score was recorded for each patient. Results: The signs and symptoms improved after 1 month of preservative-free 0.4% hyaluronic acid and 0.2% galactoxyloglucan treatment. There was a significant increase in the non-invasive Keratograph first break-up time and non-invasive Keratograph average break-up time at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min, and 1 week and 1 month (P < 0.05) and a decrease in hyperemia, corneal staining, and Ocular Surface Disease Index scores after 1 week and 1 month (P < 0.05). No treatment-related adverse event was observed. Conclusion: A combination of 0.4% hyaluronic acid and 0.2% galactoxyloglucan artificial tears seems effective for treating dry eye. Keratograph 5M can objectively detect these changes during the follow-up period.

Currently, brachytherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic approach for uveal melanomas. Surgical resection by means of endoresection or exoresection is an alternative approach. The present report recounts our experience over 15 years in the treatment of uveal melanoma using a combined approach of resection surgery with brachytherapy. This is a single-center observational retrospective cohort study in which we describe clinical outcomes, complications and survival in 35 cases of melanoma of the iris or the ciliary body after a combination of surgery and brachytherapy or brachytherapy alone. Local treatment of the tumor was successful in all cases with surgery and brachytherapy. The most frequent complications were scleromalacia, bullous keratopathy, retinal toxicity, cataracts, hypotonia, and photophobia. There were three cases of recurrence, all of which were found in the group of patients who had received brachytherapy alone, and in one case we had to perform a secondary enucleation due to tumor growth after brachytherapy. At present, only one patient has died during follow-up due to liver metastases six years after the start of treatment. In carefully selected patients, this approach can be effective and safe, as long as a close follow-up is carried out after surgery.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with significant unmet needs. This study's objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of veligrotug, a full antagonist monoclonal antibody to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, in patients with active TED. Veligrotug was assessed in THRIVE, a global, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe active TED (onset ≤ 15 months, proptosis ≥ 3 mm above normal, and clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) received either veligrotug or placebo. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive 10 mg/kg veligrotug or placebo administered every 3 weeks for a total of 5 IV infusions. The primary end point at week 15 was the proptosis responder rate (PRR; ≥ 2-mm reduction by Hertel exophthalmometry) or overall responder rate (ORR; PRR and ≥ 2-point reduction in CAS), depending on geographic region. Efficacy and safety were assessed through week 52. A total of 113 patients received veligrotug (n = 75) or placebo (n = 38). Baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 arms. Improvements were observed at week 3, with a significantly greater response at week 15 for veligrotug versus placebo (P < 0.001) across all primary and secondary end points including: PRR by Hertel, 70% versus 5%; PRR by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), 71% versus 9%; ORR, 67% versus 5%; mean proptosis reduction, 2.90 mm versus 0.48 mm (Hertel) and 2.96 mm versus 0.58 mm (MRI/CT); diplopia improvement, 59% versus 20%; and diplopia resolution, 49% versus 12%. At week 52, 70% of initial responders maintained proptosis response. Veligrotug was generally well tolerated, with a 4% treatment discontinuation rate. Most adverse events were mild and resolved, with no serious treatment-related adverse events and no changes in the safety profile through week 52. A 5-infusion course of veligrotug administered over 12 weeks was generally well tolerated and led to rapid and significant improvements in diplopia, proptosis, and disease activity, with a durable response through week 52. Veligrotug may become a promising new treatment option for active TED. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

AIM: To assess the relationship between choroidal thickness and renal function in diabetic patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective clinical study of 42 eyes of 21 ocular treatment-naive diabetic patients. Demographic data included: age, sex, type and course of diabetes. Ocular data included: severity of diabetic retinopathy; retinal thickness at the central macular region, as well as choroidal thickness at the central and paracentral quadrants, using automatically generated maps by swept-source optical coherence tomography; presence of cystic macular edema; and ocular axial length (AXL). Lab-test parameters included: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), albuminuria, albumin/creatinine ratio in urine, and glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was mainly observed between several choroidal thicknesses, age (P<0.020) and ocular AXL (P<0.030). On the contrary, a significant positive correlation was found between all choroidal thicknesses, HbA1c (P<0.035) and albuminuria (P<0.040). CONCLUSION: Choroidal thickness can represent an additional tool to help clinicians predicting the renal status in ocular treatment-naive diabetic patients.