As The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the anaerobic co-digestion (AD) of olive mill wastewater and chicken manure was investigated. In mesophilic conditions, biogas yield, methane (CH₄) content, the removal efficiency of TS, VS., acidification and hydrolysis percentage, and contaminant removal efficiency were investigated. Supplementing AD with IONPs at a concentration of 20 mg/g VS. > IONPs and INOPs >30 mg/g VS. causes an inhibitor impact on biogas, methane generation, and hydrolysis. Furthermore, implantation with 20–30 mg of IONPs/kg VS. has induced an equivalent favorable impact, with hydrolysis percentages reaching roughly 7.2%–15.1% compared to the control test, in addition to a 1.3%–4.2% enhancement in methane generation yield. The maximum acidification concentration after five days of the incubation of 1,084, 9,463, and 760 g/L was attained with IONPs dosages of 25, 30, and 20 mg/g VS., respectively, compared to 713 g/L obtained with the control test. The results have illustrated that supplementing AD with a specific concentration of IONPs (20–30 mg/g VS.) has a significant effect and enhances the inhibitor removal efficiency, most possibly due to the small surface area of IONP particles. The resultant increase in the active surface area enhances the enzyme diffusion within the substrate. This study provides new data specifying the enhancement of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and identifies the impact of IONP doses at various concentrations on the AD of olive mill wastewater and chicken waste.

The acidizing approach belongs to the well workover operations, where acid mixtures are initially implemented to treat damage near the wellbore area after drilling operations have been completed. Acidizing treatment is characterized by removal of fine particles and debris from the porous media of the damaged zone, hence leading to improve oil production from wells. This study evaluates the assessment of the acidizing treatment in vertical oil-producing wells. Gradually, the damage formation was reduced and then eliminated, and to a great extent, was compensated with the better performance of oil production from reservoirs. Target candidate wells were enriched by environmentally friendly additives and special chemicals, in predefined amounts, to achieve enhanced oil production rates from wells. A semi-analytical model was formulated for extrapolating the skin magnitude, depending on the damage formation’s permeability parameter as well as on the physical characteristics and reservoir depth. The figures of skin magnitude for all target wells were decreased, and oil production rates were enhanced after performing the matrix acidizing process. These findings are valid for diverse geological settings of different formations, as all treated intervals within the investigated wells have shown an objective response to the matrix acidizing approach. Eventually, productivity rates are imperative to increase potential economic outcomes.

This study aims at investigating the improvement in the thermal performance of energy storage for a hydronic system when it is equipped with evacuated tubes integrated within a hot water tank. The PCM shell in the bottom section is thicker than at the top to maintain a uniform, minimal water temperature difference of 5 °C between the top and bottom sections of the hot water tank. The thermal performance of the system was analyzed in diverse months when the ambient temperature fluctuated. The results have revealed that the thermal performance in December, March, and June was 80%, 81%, and 84%, respectively, meaning that the thermal performance is optimal in warm weather. The results confirmed that the system had boosted the presence of hot water throughout the whole day, including the time of the sun’s absence, due to the release of stored PCM latent heat. The designed system solves the overheating problem and expands the availability of hot water through the cold weather. The system is characterized by lower heat losses because the average water temperature has decreased.