The mechanical strength, mass loss and dynamic elastic modulus of Portland cement concrete incorporating recycled glass powder (GP) as a cement replacement material or crushed glass aggregate (GA) as a fine aggregate replacement material subjected to different cycles of freezing and thawing were investigated. A series of 11 concrete mixing proportions was designed with a constant water/cement ratio of 0·5 including fractions of GP or GA. Tests were conducted on 100 × 100 × 100 mm cubes, 100 × 200 mm cylinders and 100 × 100 × 500 mm prisms. The tests of compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tension were used to examine the impact of the inclusion of different percentages of glass (GP or GA) on the mechanical properties of concrete cured for 7, 28 and 60 d. Two non-destructive testing approaches (ultrasonic pulse velocity and resonance frequency) were used in the freezing and thawing test. The test results indicated that, compared with conventional concrete, the mechanical strength characteristics of concrete containing GP or GA were more enhanced. The use of GP decreased the deterioration of the concrete under the effect of frost action, whereas the use of GA had an adverse influence on the frost resistance of the concrete.

Global interest in groundwater resource management is significant, with petrochemical industrialization identified as a potential source of groundwater pollution. Petrochemical industrial processes cause significant impacts on groundwater quality through the discharging of highly contaminated...

Road maintenance project delays present serious obstacles to the development of infrastructure, especially in nations where political and economic instability are prevalent. This study focuses on the key reasons why road repair projects in Syria took longer than expected between 2019 and 2022. Insufficient construction material supply and late contractor payments are the most important delay issues identified by the research, which is based on official records overseen by the Public Establishment of Road Communications. The study illustrates the intricate relationship between emergency repairs, fuel shortages, administrative inefficiencies, and governmental requirements through a correlation analysis of several projects. To reduce future delays in Syria's road infrastructure sector, the findings are intended to assist stakeholders in enhancing project planning, resource management, and execution techniques.