Quality has become one of the most crucial criteria in an institution’s success and survival as there is nothing more than what an era of globalization and intensity demands. Successful businesses recognize that consumer reliability may have a severe influence on their bottom lines. As a result, several competitive companies are constantly raising their quality requirements. Competitive companies think that improving quality is the best way to recover, and most authors have specified various procedures relevant to their processes. The majority of automobile assembly sectors are looking for high-quality requirements in their manufacturing techniques and are executing a quality system known as total productive maintenance (TPM). The study’s goal is to deploy the TPM program inside the metal forming industry to improve metal industry workstations. The overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) for various workstations such as rolling, bending, cutting, and die punching for the fiscal year 2018–2019 has been evaluated. In addition to the other reasons, inefficient resource utilization is a significant component that diminishes the factory’s OEE. In the financial year 2019–2020, the TPM approach was adopted in the enterprise. As a result, there has been an improvement in overall performance.

The robotic arm is one of the vital components of robot assembly. The purpose of the robotic arm is to transmit power and conduct the desired motion, i.e., translation or rotation. Robotic limbs are designed and constructed to execute certain tasks with a high degree of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. This research focuses on to enhancing the strength-to-weight ratio of robotic arm using certain techniques of additive manufacturing, i.e., topology optimization and lattice structure. Employing the finite element analysis, the impact of weight reduction optimization on structural parameters such as stress and deformation in the current design is assessed using ANSYS R18.1 for FE analysis and Creo parametric 7.0 design software for computer-aided design modeling. Observations reveal that the 0.5 and .4 scale lattice structure designs have deformation of 0.01453mm and 0.01453 mm respectively though the generic design has 0.01043 mm deformation. Notably, the 0.5 scale lattice of the robotic arm exhibits a 31.08% higher equivalent stress than the generic design with 29.3%. reduction in mass of the robotic arm. These findings highlight the efficacy of lattice structures for optimizing the robotic arm’s performance, contributing to advancements in power-efficient robot assembly processes.

The adoption of Lean Six Sigma has become increasingly widespread in manufacturing industries worldwide. It is a powerful methodology for optimizing operational efficiency and quality, leading to increased productivity, reduced costs, and higher customer satisfaction. However, implementing LSS effectively, especially in Indian manufacturing sectors striving for sustainability, presents significant challenges. In this paper, the authors have presented the critical factors that impede the successful integration of sustainable Lean Six Sigma practices within the Indian manufacturing landscape. Through a systematic review of existing literature and empirical studies, authors have identified the eighteen failure factors. To prioritize these factors, authors have employed the Best Worst Method (BWM), a decision-making tool that aids in ranking factors based on their importance and impact. It is a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) methodology to solve different types of fact-based decision–making problems. This method involves initially identifying the best (most important) and worst (least important) factors, followed by pairwise comparisons to determine their relative significance. Results depict that “Failure of leadership to inspire and motivate”, “Lack of well-defined framework for executing initiatives”, and “High implementation cost and poor estimation of cost” are three top-level critical failure factors.

The Phyllanthus acidus leaf extract was used as a bioreducing/capping agent for the green and cost-effective synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The nanoparticles are formed via phytochemical reduction of zinc ions. Characterisation of the ZnONPs using UV-Vis (λmax ≈ 344 nm), FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, DLS, zeta potential and DSC analysis confirmed their crystalline nature, polydisperse size distribution and high thermal stability (endothermic peak at 255 °C). The nanoparticles, under natural sunlight, showed effective photocatalytic activity, with 99.8% degradation of Methylene Blue in 70 min following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The ZnONPs demonstrated excellent catalytic stability and reusability. These results demonstrate the potential for using P. acidus-derived ZnONPs for eco-friendly water purification and remediation, contributing to SDG 6 and SDG 12.

The growing demand have made researchers look into algae-based biodiesel, which is precisely a type of algae called Botryococcus braunii, as an alternate to sustainable fuel source. The feature of this alga is that it has high oil content and is determined as user friendly. The study made an attempt to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of adding hydrogen with Botryococcus braunii at 2 different rates, viz., 4LPM and 8LPM respectively in a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine and compared its performance with the pure diesel. This assessment approach of testing hydrogen (H ₂ ) with 30% Botryococcus braunii biodiesel + 70% diesel blend combination (A30) and comparing the same with pure diesel is regarded as the primary creativity and uniqueness of this research investigation. The analysis of the study revealed the fact that adding hydrogen to 30% Botryococcus braunii biodiesel + 70% diesel blend enhanced the performance of the engine substantially. It further demonstrated that the Brake Thermal Efficiency improved to 37% from 31% with the addition of A30 + H ₂ (8 LPM) against the pure diesel, marking a rise of 19.35%. Similarly, specific fuel consumption dropped to 0.24 kg/kWh from 0.30 kg/kWh, illustrating a reduction of 20%, in comparison with pure diesel. Volumetric efficiency surged to 91% (with a rise of 10.98%) from 82%. This is because of the presence and availability of more content of oxygen in 30% Botryococcus braunii biodiesel + 70% diesel blend, facilitating a better and a clean process of combustion. The study focused on the properties of combustion improved with the in-cylinder pressure at the utmost load, where it was found rising to 77.3 bar from 70.2 bar, indicating a marginal surge of 10.11% against the net heat release rate, demonstrating a steep rise of 18.26% (increased to 48.63 kJ/m ³ deg from 41.11 kJ/m³deg). Besides the above, the Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions reduced by 69.46% (0.334% to 0.102%), Hydrocarbons decreased by 43.24% (148ppm to 84ppm), CO ₂ dropped by 7.77% (10.3% to 9.5%), smoke opacity diminished by 14.18% (69.1% to 59.3). It was evidently observed that the hydrogen blend algae biodiesel enhanced a better combustion process by the removal of incomplete combustion areas and enhancing the overall performance and efficiency of the engine. It is noted that while the outcomes of the emissions reveal substantial enhancements, Nitrogen oxides (NO _X ) emissions do increase by 47.64% (from 1503ppm to 2220ppm). The exhaust gas temperature is decreased marginally from 520 °C to 498 °C, marking a reduction of 4.23%. In a nutshell, the study apparently reveals the fact that A30 + H ₂ (8 LPM) significantly improves the performance of the engine, enhances the characteristics of combustion and minimizes most emissions leading to a very high and an efficient sustainable fuel in contrast to the pure diesel.