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Dr. M. Dolores Esteban
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). Dept. Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente. C/ Profesor Aranguren, CP 28040, Madrid, Spain

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0 Coastal Engineering
0 Offshore Engineering
0 Offshore Wind
0 Wave Energy
0 marine renewable energy

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Wave Energy
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Offshore Engineering
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Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The increasing integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) in distribution networks forms the Networked Renewable Energy Resources (NRERs). The cooperative Peer-to-Peer (P2P) control architecture is able to fully exploit the resilience and flexibility of NRERs. This study proposes a multi-agent system to achieve P2P control of NRERs based Internet of Things (IoT). The control system is fully distributed and contains two control layers operated in the agent of each RER. For primary control, a droop control is adopted by each RER-agent for localized power sharing. For secondary control, a distributed diffusion algorithm is proposed for arbitrary power sharing among RERs. The proposed levels communication system is implemented to explain the data exchange between the distribution network system and the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes the Internet Protocol (IP)/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for the global communication level. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated by numerical simulation with the modified IEEE 9 node test feeder. The controller proposed in this paper achieved savings of 20.65% for the system, 25.99% for photovoltaic, 35.52 for diesel generator, 24.59 for batteries, and 52.34% for power loss.

ACS Style

Bilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Zain-Aldeen Rahman; Josep Guerrero; M. Esteban. A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid including Renewable Energy Resources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8146 .

AMA Style

Bilal Alhasnawi, Basil Jasim, Zain-Aldeen Rahman, Josep Guerrero, M. Esteban. A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid including Renewable Energy Resources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Zain-Aldeen Rahman; Josep Guerrero; M. Esteban. 2021. "A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid including Renewable Energy Resources." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8146.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The correct calculation of forces and moments caused by wave action over crown wall structures is critical for their design. There are several existing equations for this, some of which are sanctioned in practice as it is the case for Jensen (1984) and Bradbury et al. (1998), Günback and Gökce (1984), Martin et al. (1999), Berenguer and Baonza (2006), and Pedersen (1996) and Nørgaard et al. (2013). These equations are the main tool for the design of breakwater crown walls and their accuracy is crucial to ensure the stability of the crown wall, especially when considering the sea level rise due to climate change and the possible damage of the armor, since both aspects are not usually considered in most original design studies. In a scenario of climate change, it is very important to estimate the possible changes in security factors due to both these aspects, comparing the results with the original design ones. This paper has as main objective to analyze it for the case study of Ericeira rubble mound breakwater in Portugal. For this, a comparison of the results using those equations and different scenarios including the current, considering sea level rise and armor damage, were performed to extract some conclusions: the increase in the sea level in the case study was not significant and therefore its incidence is very small; and the damage to the main armor by losing pieces at the berm is much more important in this case study, so it is essential to carry out the proper maintenance of the design section. On the other hand, horizontal forces are more conservative using Pedersen and Nørgaard equations, obtaining the lowest value with Martin. Regarding uplift pressures, Martin gives the lowest value, while the most conservative values are given by Günbak and Gökce’s for two scenarios, and Pedersen and Nørgaard for the other two scenarios. Furthermore, the sliding safety coefficient is more conditioning than overturning the safety coefficient in all the scenarios.

ACS Style

Fábio Pereira; Maria Neves; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Esteban; Vicente Negro. Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 285 .

AMA Style

Fábio Pereira, Maria Neves, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, María Esteban, Vicente Negro. Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (3):285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fábio Pereira; Maria Neves; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Esteban; Vicente Negro. 2021. "Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3: 285.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Artificial neural networks (ANN) are extremely powerful analytical, parallel processing elements that can successfully approximate any complex non-linear process, and which form a key piece in Artificial Intelligence models. Its field of application, being very wide, is especially suitable for the field of prediction. In this article, its application for the prediction of the overtopping rate is presented, as part of a strategy for the sustainable optimization of coastal or harbor defense structures and their conversion into Waves Energy Converters (WEC). This would allow, among others benefits, reducing their initial high capital expenditure. For the construction of the predictive model, classical multivariate statistical techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), or unsupervised clustering methods like Self Organized Maps (SOM), are used, demonstrating that this close alliance is always methodologically beneficial. The specific application carried out, based on the data provided by the CLASH and EurOtop 2018 databases, involves the creation of a useful application to predict overtopping rates in both sloping breakwaters and seawalls, with good results both in terms of prediction error, such as correlation of the estimated variable.

ACS Style

José Oliver; M. Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Neves. Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1483 .

AMA Style

José Oliver, M. Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, M. Neves. Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Oliver; M. Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Neves. 2021. "Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1483.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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This work represents a paradigm shift in the approach to manage port infrastructure maintenance where the use of the building information modeling (BIM) method is very scarce, and it is now beginning. The new infrastructure conservation management method proposed in this manuscript combines traditional methods with new technology, covering the gap of the implementation of BIM in port maintenance. This new technology is the BIM method, and its use is already mandatory in public infrastructure projects in some countries. In this work, the BIM method is applied to the management of the conservation of port infrastructures to show the benefits that can be obtained using it. After the analysis of the state of the art in the conservation of port infrastructures, two of the main maritime works of the Outer Port of A Coruña were modeled in Revit. This as-built model serves as an inventory model and forms a large database of all the information regarding the conservation of the structures. In this way, all the data on the conservation of the port’s infrastructures are concentrated in a single source of information in which, in addition, there is a three-dimensional and georeferenced representation of the port in question. The main finding of this work is the development of a step by step method to implement BIM philosophy in port maintenance, highlighting the positive and negative points detected during the validation of the method in a real case, detecting future improvement research lines. Although BIM has a lot of advantages and possibilities just now, some improvements are still necessary.

ACS Style

Paola Valdepeñas; María Dolores Esteban Pérez; Carlos Henche; Raúl Rodríguez-Escribano; Gonzalo Fernández; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez. Application of the BIM Method in the Management of the Maintenance in Port Infrastructures. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 981 .

AMA Style

Paola Valdepeñas, María Dolores Esteban Pérez, Carlos Henche, Raúl Rodríguez-Escribano, Gonzalo Fernández, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez. Application of the BIM Method in the Management of the Maintenance in Port Infrastructures. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (12):981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Valdepeñas; María Dolores Esteban Pérez; Carlos Henche; Raúl Rodríguez-Escribano; Gonzalo Fernández; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez. 2020. "Application of the BIM Method in the Management of the Maintenance in Port Infrastructures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12: 981.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Sustainability
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There will be a dearth of electrical energy in the world in the future due to exponential increase in electrical energy demand of rapidly growing world population. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), more smart appliances will be integrated into homes in smart cities that actively participate in the electricity market by demand response programs to efficiently manage energy in order to meet this increasing energy demand. Thus, with this incitement, the energy management strategy using a price-based demand response program is developed for IoT-enabled residential buildings. We propose a new EMS for smart homes for IoT-enabled residential building smart devices by scheduling to minimize cost of electricity, alleviate peak-to-average ratio, correct power factor, automatic protective appliances, and maximize user comfort. In this method, every home appliance is interfaced with an IoT entity (a data acquisition module) with a specific IP address, which results in a wide wireless system of devices. There are two components of the proposed system: software and hardware. The hardware is composed of a base station unit (BSU) and many terminal units (TUs). The software comprises Wi-Fi network programming as well as system protocol. In this study, a message queue telemetry transportation (MQTT) broker was installed on the boards of BSU and TU. In this paper, we present a low-cost platform for the monitoring and helping decision making about different areas in a neighboring community for efficient management and maintenance, using information and communication technologies. The findings of the experiments demonstrated the feasibility and viability of the proposed method for energy management in various modes. The proposed method increases effective energy utilization, which in turn increases the sustainability of IoT-enabled homes in smart cities. The proposed strategy automatically responds to power factor correction, to protective home appliances, and to price-based demand response programs to combat the major problem of the demand response programs, which is the limitation of consumer’s knowledge to respond upon receiving demand response signals. The schedule controller proposed in this paper achieved an energy saving of 6.347 kWh real power per day, this paper achieved saving 7.282 kWh apparent power per day, and the proposed algorithm in our paper saved $2.3228388 per day.

ACS Style

Bilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Maria Esteban; Josep Guerrero. A Novel Smart Energy Management as a Service over a Cloud Computing Platform for Nanogrid Appliances. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9686 .

AMA Style

Bilal Alhasnawi, Basil Jasim, Maria Esteban, Josep Guerrero. A Novel Smart Energy Management as a Service over a Cloud Computing Platform for Nanogrid Appliances. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Alhasnawi; Basil Jasim; Maria Esteban; Josep Guerrero. 2020. "A Novel Smart Energy Management as a Service over a Cloud Computing Platform for Nanogrid Appliances." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9686.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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One of the most important consequences caused by the constant development of human activity is the uncontrolled generation of greenhouse gases (GHG). The main gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) are illustrated by the carbon footprint. To determine the impact of port infrastructures, a Life Cycle Assessment approach is applied that considers construction and maintenance. A case study of a port infrastructure in Spain is analyzed. Main results reflect the continuous emission of GHG throughout the useful life of the infrastructure (25 years). Both machinery (85%) and materials (15%) are key elements influencing the obtained results (117,000 Tm CO2e).

ACS Style

Rodrigo Saravia De Los Reyes; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez; María Dolores Esteban; Raúl Rubén Rodríguez. Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7414 .

AMA Style

Rodrigo Saravia De Los Reyes, Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez, María Dolores Esteban, Raúl Rubén Rodríguez. Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (20):7414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigo Saravia De Los Reyes; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez; María Dolores Esteban; Raúl Rubén Rodríguez. 2020. "Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7414.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This paper presents a novel cooperative control technique concerning fully-distributed AC/DC microgrids. Distributed generation based on inverters has two types, i.e., Current Source Inverter (CSI), also referred to as PQ inverter, and Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Both inverter forms have a two-layer coordination mechanism. This paper proposes a design method for the digital Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller that regulates the current inside an inverter. The inverters will improve the voltage quality of the microgrid while maintaining the average voltage of buses at the same desired level. There is comprehensive detail on the computations specific to resonant and proportional gains and digital resonance path coefficients. The paper includes a digital PR controller design and its analysis in the frequency domain. The analysis is based on the w-domain. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed method, which not only focuses on the transient response but also improves the steady-state response which smoothens the voltage; furthermore, all inverters are effectively involved to increase the capacity of the microgrid for better power management. The suggested cooperative control technique is used on an IEEE 14-bus system having fully distributed communication. The convincing outcomes indicate that the suggested control technique is an effectual means of regulating the microgrid’s voltage to obtain an evener and steady voltage profile. The microgrid comprises distributed resources and is used as the primary element to analyse power flow and quality indicators associated with a smart grid. Lastly, numerical simulation observations are utilised for substantiating the recommended algorithm.

ACS Style

Bilal Naji Naji Alhasnawi; Basil H. Jasim; Walid Issa; M. Dolores Esteban. A Novel Cooperative Controller for Inverters of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6120 .

AMA Style

Bilal Naji Naji Alhasnawi, Basil H. Jasim, Walid Issa, M. Dolores Esteban. A Novel Cooperative Controller for Inverters of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):6120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Naji Naji Alhasnawi; Basil H. Jasim; Walid Issa; M. Dolores Esteban. 2020. "A Novel Cooperative Controller for Inverters of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 6120.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The recent few years have seen renewable energy becoming immensely popular. Renewable energy generation capacity has risen in both standalone and grid-connected systems. The chief reason is the ability to produce clean energy, which is both environmentally friendly and cost effective. This paper presents a new control algorithm along with a flexible energy management system to minimize the cost of operating a hybrid microgrid. The microgrid comprises fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, super capacitors, and other energy storage systems. There are three stages in the control system: an energy management system, supervisory control, and local control. The energy management system allows the control system to create an optimal day-ahead power flow schedule between the hybrid microgrid components, loads, batteries, and the electrical grid by using inputs from economic analysis. The discrepancy between the scheduled power and the real power delivered by the hybrid microgrid is adjusted for by the supervisory control stage. Additionally, this paper provides a design for the local control system to manage local power, DC voltage, and current in the hybrid microgrid. The operation strategy of energy storage systems is proposed to solve the power changes from photovoltaics and houses load fluctuations locally, instead of reflecting those disturbances to the utility grid. Furthermore, the energy storage systems energy management scheme will help to achieve the peak reduction of the houses’ daily electrical load demand. Also, the control of the studied hybrid microgrid is designed as a method to improve hybrid microgrid resilience and incorporate renewable power generation and storage into the grid. The simulation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduced strategy and the capability of proposed controller for a hybrid microgrid operating in different modes. The results showed that (1) energy management and energy interchange were effective and contributed to cost reductions, CO2 mitigation, and reduction of primary energy consumption, and (2) the newly developed energy management system proved to provide more robust and high performance control than conventional energy management systems. Also, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust model for microgrid energy management.

ACS Style

Bilal Naji Alhasnawi; Basil H. Jasim; M. Dolores Esteban. A New Robust Energy Management and Control Strategy for a Hybrid Microgrid System Based on Green Energy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5724 .

AMA Style

Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, Basil H. Jasim, M. Dolores Esteban. A New Robust Energy Management and Control Strategy for a Hybrid Microgrid System Based on Green Energy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Naji Alhasnawi; Basil H. Jasim; M. Dolores Esteban. 2020. "A New Robust Energy Management and Control Strategy for a Hybrid Microgrid System Based on Green Energy." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5724.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Negro, V.; Del Campo, J.M.; Luengo Frades, J.; Martín Antón, M.; Esteban, M.D.; López – Gutiérrez, J.S., and Soukissian, T., In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 118–122. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The evolution of the clean energies is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations (UN 2015 – 2030). However, the increase in the number of marine wind farms (gravity based structures < 10%; piles < 82% and jackets, tripod, tripile and floating installations 7%) with a progressive growth in depth, distance from shore, power and diameter, requires a deep reflection. The marine growth in piles and GBS structures would be studied if it is beneficial for marine ecosystems and fish species, displacement and colonization of new ones. After the installation, new substrates became colonised by a wide variety of benthic organisms. The objective of this research manuscript is to pose this challenge and the analysis in countries like Spain and the Mediterranean Countries where tourism is one of the main sources weath and the environment and landscape are essential in the preservation of the territory and the harmony with nature.

ACS Style

Vicente Negro; J. M. Del Campo; J. Luengo Frades; Mario Martín Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Takvor Soukissian. Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing. Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 118 -122.

AMA Style

Vicente Negro, J. M. Del Campo, J. Luengo Frades, Mario Martín Antón, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Takvor Soukissian. Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing. Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):118-122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Negro; J. M. Del Campo; J. Luengo Frades; Mario Martín Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Takvor Soukissian. 2020. "Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 118-122.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Garcia, I.; Negro, V.; López, J.S.; Esteban, M.D., and Del Campo, J.M., 2020. Coastal morphological response to the effect of structures of protection against erosion. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 220–224. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The prediction of sandy tombolo formation by the presence of detached breakwaters is key to the use of these elements as beach protection systems. The distance from the shoreline is a relevant factor and must be determined based on the characteristics of the incident waves, the dimensions of the artificial protections themselves, the typologies of the beach and the coastal sedimentary transport zone. In the cases analysed of detached breakwater systems with sandy tombolo formation, linear trends are obtained in between said characteristics. These results can be extrapolated to other cases located in other countries on the Mediterranean coast. Obtaining these relationships has led us to propose a new sizing method that sets the separation of the structures from the shore.

ACS Style

Isabelo García; Vicente Negro; José Santos López; M. Dolores Esteban; José M. Del Campo. Coastal Morphological Response to the Effects of Protection Structures against Erosion. Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 220 -224.

AMA Style

Isabelo García, Vicente Negro, José Santos López, M. Dolores Esteban, José M. Del Campo. Coastal Morphological Response to the Effects of Protection Structures against Erosion. Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):220-224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabelo García; Vicente Negro; José Santos López; M. Dolores Esteban; José M. Del Campo. 2020. "Coastal Morphological Response to the Effects of Protection Structures against Erosion." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 220-224.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Moreno, L.; Negro, V.; Garrote, L.; Muñoz-Pérez, J.J.; López, J.S., and Esteban, M.D., 2020. An engineering method for the preliminary functional design of perched beaches: Design guidelines. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 283–288. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Perched beaches are an attractive nourishment design alternative especially when either the site conditions or the characteristics of both the native and the borrow sands lead to a non-intersecting profile. The observation and suggestion of the use of this type of coastal defense scheme dates back to the 1960's, as well as the international experience in its construction. However, in spite of its use and the field and laboratory studies performed to-date, no design engineering guidance is available to support its design. The theoretical approach presented at ICS'2018 (Moreno et al., 2018) was based on dimensional analysis to identify the key dimensionless parameters with regards to the incident wave climate, the structural and geometric characteristics and location of the sill, and the beach sediment properties. Systematic mobile-bed physical model tests have been performed in a 36 × 3 × 1.5 m wave flume with five regular wave conditions. A 4-step calculation scheme is presented. The design method provides suitable (1) locations for the sill in terms of water depth, (2) sill dimensions (crest elevation and crest width), and (3) beach material characteristics of the perched beach so that successful behavior is expected.

ACS Style

Luis Moreno; Vicente Negro; Luis Garrote; Juan José Muñoz-Pérez; José Santos López; M. Dolores Esteban. An Engineering Method for the Preliminary Functional Design of Perched Beaches: Design Guidelines. Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 283 -288.

AMA Style

Luis Moreno, Vicente Negro, Luis Garrote, Juan José Muñoz-Pérez, José Santos López, M. Dolores Esteban. An Engineering Method for the Preliminary Functional Design of Perched Beaches: Design Guidelines. Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):283-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Moreno; Vicente Negro; Luis Garrote; Juan José Muñoz-Pérez; José Santos López; M. Dolores Esteban. 2020. "An Engineering Method for the Preliminary Functional Design of Perched Beaches: Design Guidelines." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 283-288.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
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Esteban, M.D.; Martínez-Orozco, J.M., and Fernández, B., 2020. Analysis of the approaches for the modelling of sea-level rise due to climate change: Galician Coast (Spain). In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1078–1082. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Climate change modifies climate patterns such as: increase of temperature, change of storms frequency, sea level rise, etc. The change of patterns in seas and oceans has consequences in the development of coastal areas. Forecasts of Sea Level Rise (SLR) are not optimistic in the future, according to the latest reports of prestige international organizations like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). SLR can be assessed as a risk that results from the interaction of hazardous trends with the vulnerability and the exposure of coastal enviroments. This research has created a methodology based on the evaluation of hazard, through the development of two different models. The first one consists of a static model based on the “Bathtub Method”. The second model consists of the application of a validated wave propagation Numerical Model in the area, including metocean aspects. Both models have been applied in the Ría de Vigo, located in the northwest of Spain, specifically in the Galician coast. Evaluation of the SLR hazard in the Ría de Vigo has been determined considering both models previously mentioned, in two different scales, one more global and another more local. The results of both models have been compared, finally exposing their main advantages and disadvantages.

ACS Style

M. Dolores Esteban; Juan M. Martínez-Orozco; Brais Fernández. Analysis of the Approaches for the Modelling of Sea-level Rise due to Climate Change: Galician Coast (Spain). Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 1078 -1082.

AMA Style

M. Dolores Esteban, Juan M. Martínez-Orozco, Brais Fernández. Analysis of the Approaches for the Modelling of Sea-level Rise due to Climate Change: Galician Coast (Spain). Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):1078-1082.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Dolores Esteban; Juan M. Martínez-Orozco; Brais Fernández. 2020. "Analysis of the Approaches for the Modelling of Sea-level Rise due to Climate Change: Galician Coast (Spain)." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 1078-1082.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
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López-Gutiérrez, J.S.; Esteban, M.D.; Negro, V., and Wan, Y., 2020. Evolution of extreme waves in Cadiz (SW Spain). In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 272–277. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The impact of climate change is one of the main concerns of the society. One of its possible consequences is the increase of extreme events: floods, droughts and storms, as reflected in the climate change documents of the 2030 Agenda. The main objective of this research is to determine whether this increase can be confirmed in the coastal area of Cádiz (Spain). To achieve that, wave measurement buoys installed in the gulf and bay have been identified and their extreme statistical distributions have been studied. The evolution of the values of the significant wave height and the peak period of wave storms has been analyzed during the last decade. For that, 20, 50, 225 and 475 years of return period have been considered. For deeper research and more conclusive data, numerical simulations of wave propagation in the zone have been performed using the CMS-Wave model, developed by the USACE Hydraulics and Coastal Laboratory. One of the main conclusions of this investigation is that an increase in the magnitude of storms on the coast of Cádiz cannot be confirmed. This statement has important effects on the design of new maritime structures and the validation of the design of maritime structures already in operation.

ACS Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro; Yong Wan. Evolution of Extreme Waves in Cadiz (SW Spain). Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 272 -277.

AMA Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, M. Dolores Esteban, Vicente Negro, Yong Wan. Evolution of Extreme Waves in Cadiz (SW Spain). Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):272-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro; Yong Wan. 2020. "Evolution of Extreme Waves in Cadiz (SW Spain)." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 272-277.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2020 in Energy
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Wave energy assessments related to wave energy convertors in the coastal waters of China are very scarce. Thus, based on ERA-Interim wave field data acquired over the past 40 years, we assessed the applicability of state-of-the-art wave energy convertors at key stations in the coastal waters of China and obtained some important conclusions that can provide guidance for the future siting of wave farms and the design, manufacturing, construction, operation, and maintenance of wave energy convertors. The results show that the Wave Star and Sharp Eagle Wanshan are the most suitable wave energy convertors according to the capacity factor, while the Wave Star and Wave Dragon are the most suitable devices according to the capture width. The dominant direction of wave energy transport was concentrated in the N-ENE direction. From the perspective of wave energy transport, the South China Sea is the most suitable sea area for establishing nearshore wave farms, and the percentages of energy available for continued development exceeded 66%. Nearly all wave conditions that yielded outstanding energy contributions were under the storm protection state, and the energy contribution percentages exceeded 74% at each station. These conditions are convenient for the concentrated collection and utilization of energy.

ACS Style

Yong Wan; Chongwei Zheng; Ligang Li; Yongshou Dai; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Xiaojun Qu; Xiaoyu Zhang. Wave energy assessment related to wave energy convertors in the coastal waters of China. Energy 2020, 202, 117741 .

AMA Style

Yong Wan, Chongwei Zheng, Ligang Li, Yongshou Dai, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Xiaojun Qu, Xiaoyu Zhang. Wave energy assessment related to wave energy convertors in the coastal waters of China. Energy. 2020; 202 ():117741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Wan; Chongwei Zheng; Ligang Li; Yongshou Dai; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Xiaojun Qu; Xiaoyu Zhang. 2020. "Wave energy assessment related to wave energy convertors in the coastal waters of China." Energy 202, no. : 117741.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2020 in INTED2020 Proceedings
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Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. DO WE ADAPT TEACHING IN QUALIFYING DEGREES ACCORDING TO THE PROFILE OF STUDENTS? INTED2020 Proceedings 2020, 2611 -2620.

AMA Style

Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez, M. Dolores Esteban, Vicente Negro. DO WE ADAPT TEACHING IN QUALIFYING DEGREES ACCORDING TO THE PROFILE OF STUDENTS? INTED2020 Proceedings. 2020; ():2611-2620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. 2020. "DO WE ADAPT TEACHING IN QUALIFYING DEGREES ACCORDING TO THE PROFILE OF STUDENTS?" INTED2020 Proceedings , no. : 2611-2620.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2020 in INTED2020 Proceedings
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M. Dolores Esteban; Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez; Vicente Negro. APPLICATION OF THE CASE METHOD TEACHING IN COASTAL ENGINEERING SUBJECTS. INTED2020 Proceedings 2020, 2628 -2635.

AMA Style

M. Dolores Esteban, Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez, Vicente Negro. APPLICATION OF THE CASE METHOD TEACHING IN COASTAL ENGINEERING SUBJECTS. INTED2020 Proceedings. 2020; ():2628-2635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Dolores Esteban; Jose Santos Lopez-Gutierrez; Vicente Negro. 2020. "APPLICATION OF THE CASE METHOD TEACHING IN COASTAL ENGINEERING SUBJECTS." INTED2020 Proceedings , no. : 2628-2635.

Editorial
Published: 14 February 2020 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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In 2018, we were approached by the editorial team of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (MDPI editorial) to act as guest editors of a Special Issue related to offshore wind energy

ACS Style

María Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 120 .

AMA Style

María Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro. Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (2):120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. 2020. "Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2: 120.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The scour phenomenon is critical for monopile structures in offshore wind farms. There are two possible strategies: allowing the development of scour holes around the monopile or avoiding it by placing scour protection. The last one is the most used up to now. This paper is focused on the determination of the weight of the stones forming the scour protection. There are some formulas for the design of these parameters, having a lot of uncertainties around them. Some of them were created for fluvial environment, with a different flow to the marine one. Other formulas were elaborated specifically for coastal structures, closer to the coast than offshore wind farms, and with dimensions completely different. This paper presents the analysis of three formulas: Isbash, corresponding to fluvial environment, and Soulsby, and De Vos, corresponding to marine environment. The results of the application of those formulas are compared with real data of scour protection systems showing good results in five offshore wind facilities in operation (Arklow Bank phase 1, Egmond aan Zee, Horns Rev phase 1, Princess Amalia, and Scroby Sands), giving conclusion about the uncertainties of the use of these formulas and recommendations for using them in offshore wind.

ACS Style

M.Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Luciano Sanz. Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 440 .

AMA Style

M.Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, Luciano Sanz. Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (12):440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Luciano Sanz. 2019. "Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12: 440.

Review
Published: 02 December 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

ACS Style

Sergio Sánchez; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Dolores Esteban. Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 441 .

AMA Style

Sergio Sánchez, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, M. Dolores Esteban. Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (12):441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Sánchez; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Dolores Esteban. 2019. "Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12: 441.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
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In a context of growing global awareness of environmental sustainability, given the risks associated with global warming and climate change, the transition from environmental models to highly intensive fossil fuel production towards new clean energy systems marks the future of global public agendas. In this scenario, a feasibility study of the installation of wave energy converters, such as the Sea Slot-Cone Generator (SSG) and the Oscillating Water Column (OWC), was carried out in existing breakwaters in the North of Spain, choosing Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña), Dique Torres and Dique Norte (Port el Musel, Gijón) and Punta Lucero (Port of Bilbao). It was aimed at capturing the great energy potential of the Atlantic Ocean, as an innovative solution linked to the development of renewable energy sources of marine origin. The selection of the most optimal and efficient alternative will depend on different aspects: the quantitative availability of the wave energy resource at the study points, the production of energy obtained by the device and the capacity factor, the capacity of the wave energy facility to supply the energy consumption in every port to boost the image of “Green Port”, the constructive viability so that the condition of having the construction works only during one year and an economic estimation of each alternative.

ACS Style

M. Carmen Lacasa; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Zhipeng Zang. Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5225 .

AMA Style

M. Carmen Lacasa, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, Zhipeng Zang. Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (23):5225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Carmen Lacasa; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Zhipeng Zang. 2019. "Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23: 5225.