This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Vicente Negro
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). Dept Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente. C/ Profesor Aranguren, CP 28040, Madrid, Spain

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Coastal Engineering
0 Offshore Engineering
0 Offshore Wind
0 Wave Energy
0 marine renewable energy

Fingerprints

Offshore Wind
Wave Energy
marine renewable energy
maritime engineering
Coastal Engineering
Offshore Engineering

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are both an engineering challenge and an opportunity. Clean energy (SDG 7), sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11), and climate action (SDG 13) represent an effort to manage, plan, and develop our buildings and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to contribute to this challenge by analysing nanomaterials in marine environment structures, both urban and maritime. To do this, we have analyzed different regulations of concrete properties in various countries, defining the characteristics of the cement, coating, water/cement rating, and chloride effect; the difference in durability based on conventional reinforcements and nanomaterials; and use on highly sensitive elements, buildings in marine environments, rubble mound structures, crown walls, and gravity-based foundations for wind power facilities. Division into overhead, underwater, or splash zones entails the use of epoxy resins or silica fume matrices in percentages far below ten percent. Using the most exposed and unfavorable structures, conclusions of application to buildings are established based on the recommendations in maritime engineering most exposed to the actions of the waves. The study concludes with recommendations regarding the durability, increased lifespan, and use of new materials in infrastructure elements in highly adverse marine environments.

ACS Style

Jose del Campo; Vicente Negro. Nanomaterials in Protection of Buildings and Infrastructure Elements in Highly Aggressive Marine Environments. Energies 2021, 14, 2588 .

AMA Style

Jose del Campo, Vicente Negro. Nanomaterials in Protection of Buildings and Infrastructure Elements in Highly Aggressive Marine Environments. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose del Campo; Vicente Negro. 2021. "Nanomaterials in Protection of Buildings and Infrastructure Elements in Highly Aggressive Marine Environments." Energies 14, no. 9: 2588.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The correct calculation of forces and moments caused by wave action over crown wall structures is critical for their design. There are several existing equations for this, some of which are sanctioned in practice as it is the case for Jensen (1984) and Bradbury et al. (1998), Günback and Gökce (1984), Martin et al. (1999), Berenguer and Baonza (2006), and Pedersen (1996) and Nørgaard et al. (2013). These equations are the main tool for the design of breakwater crown walls and their accuracy is crucial to ensure the stability of the crown wall, especially when considering the sea level rise due to climate change and the possible damage of the armor, since both aspects are not usually considered in most original design studies. In a scenario of climate change, it is very important to estimate the possible changes in security factors due to both these aspects, comparing the results with the original design ones. This paper has as main objective to analyze it for the case study of Ericeira rubble mound breakwater in Portugal. For this, a comparison of the results using those equations and different scenarios including the current, considering sea level rise and armor damage, were performed to extract some conclusions: the increase in the sea level in the case study was not significant and therefore its incidence is very small; and the damage to the main armor by losing pieces at the berm is much more important in this case study, so it is essential to carry out the proper maintenance of the design section. On the other hand, horizontal forces are more conservative using Pedersen and Nørgaard equations, obtaining the lowest value with Martin. Regarding uplift pressures, Martin gives the lowest value, while the most conservative values are given by Günbak and Gökce’s for two scenarios, and Pedersen and Nørgaard for the other two scenarios. Furthermore, the sliding safety coefficient is more conditioning than overturning the safety coefficient in all the scenarios.

ACS Style

Fábio Pereira; Maria Neves; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Esteban; Vicente Negro. Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 285 .

AMA Style

Fábio Pereira, Maria Neves, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, María Esteban, Vicente Negro. Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (3):285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fábio Pereira; Maria Neves; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Esteban; Vicente Negro. 2021. "Comparison of Existing Equations for the Design of Crown Walls: Application to the Case Study of Ericeira Breakwater (Portugal)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3: 285.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are extremely powerful analytical, parallel processing elements that can successfully approximate any complex non-linear process, and which form a key piece in Artificial Intelligence models. Its field of application, being very wide, is especially suitable for the field of prediction. In this article, its application for the prediction of the overtopping rate is presented, as part of a strategy for the sustainable optimization of coastal or harbor defense structures and their conversion into Waves Energy Converters (WEC). This would allow, among others benefits, reducing their initial high capital expenditure. For the construction of the predictive model, classical multivariate statistical techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), or unsupervised clustering methods like Self Organized Maps (SOM), are used, demonstrating that this close alliance is always methodologically beneficial. The specific application carried out, based on the data provided by the CLASH and EurOtop 2018 databases, involves the creation of a useful application to predict overtopping rates in both sloping breakwaters and seawalls, with good results both in terms of prediction error, such as correlation of the estimated variable.

ACS Style

José Oliver; M. Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Neves. Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1483 .

AMA Style

José Oliver, M. Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, M. Neves. Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Oliver; M. Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Neves. 2021. "Optimizing Wave Overtopping Energy Converters by ANN Modelling: Evaluating the Overtopping Rate Forecasting as the First Step." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1483.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals are a necessity. A large number of public actions and activities in many countries go in this direction. Various indicators are used to quantitatively assess the impacts, all of which are included within product life cycle assessment. It is essential to study and assess infrastructure, as it is an important factor in emissions, as well as environmental and sustainable construction. In maritime works, the aggressiveness of seawater is an important factor that reduces the life of reinforced concrete structures, and it is necessary to search for solutions that reduce or eliminate maintenance. In this research paper, the aim is to quantitatively verify that the composite materials are viable from an environmental and resistant point of view. Concrete caissons and/or breakwater crowns for vertical breakwaters were constructed as the fundamental elements, calculating the life cycle in comparison with several contrasting examples. The first is the case of a conventional breakwater crown, built in Escombreras, southeast Spain, at the Mediterranean Sea, later simulating the impact with one reinforced with fiberglass bars. The results are encouraging and call for additional measures to further reduce maritime infrastructure indicators with much less polluting, more durable, and more sustainable solutions.

ACS Style

Eduardo Cejuela; Vicente Negro; Jose María Del Campo. Evaluation and Optimization of the Life Cycle in Maritime Works. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4524 .

AMA Style

Eduardo Cejuela, Vicente Negro, Jose María Del Campo. Evaluation and Optimization of the Life Cycle in Maritime Works. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eduardo Cejuela; Vicente Negro; Jose María Del Campo. 2020. "Evaluation and Optimization of the Life Cycle in Maritime Works." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4524.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Negro, V.; Del Campo, J.M.; Luengo Frades, J.; Martín Antón, M.; Esteban, M.D.; López – Gutiérrez, J.S., and Soukissian, T., In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 118–122. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The evolution of the clean energies is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations (UN 2015 – 2030). However, the increase in the number of marine wind farms (gravity based structures < 10%; piles < 82% and jackets, tripod, tripile and floating installations 7%) with a progressive growth in depth, distance from shore, power and diameter, requires a deep reflection. The marine growth in piles and GBS structures would be studied if it is beneficial for marine ecosystems and fish species, displacement and colonization of new ones. After the installation, new substrates became colonised by a wide variety of benthic organisms. The objective of this research manuscript is to pose this challenge and the analysis in countries like Spain and the Mediterranean Countries where tourism is one of the main sources weath and the environment and landscape are essential in the preservation of the territory and the harmony with nature.

ACS Style

Vicente Negro; J. M. Del Campo; J. Luengo Frades; Mario Martín Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Takvor Soukissian. Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing. Journal of Coastal Research 2020, 95, 118 -122.

AMA Style

Vicente Negro, J. M. Del Campo, J. Luengo Frades, Mario Martín Antón, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Takvor Soukissian. Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing. Journal of Coastal Research. 2020; 95 (sp1):118-122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Negro; J. M. Del Campo; J. Luengo Frades; Mario Martín Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Takvor Soukissian. 2020. "Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing." Journal of Coastal Research 95, no. sp1: 118-122.

Editorial
Published: 14 February 2020 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In 2018, we were approached by the editorial team of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (MDPI editorial) to act as guest editors of a Special Issue related to offshore wind energy

ACS Style

María Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 120 .

AMA Style

María Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro. Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (2):120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. 2020. "Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2: 120.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The scour phenomenon is critical for monopile structures in offshore wind farms. There are two possible strategies: allowing the development of scour holes around the monopile or avoiding it by placing scour protection. The last one is the most used up to now. This paper is focused on the determination of the weight of the stones forming the scour protection. There are some formulas for the design of these parameters, having a lot of uncertainties around them. Some of them were created for fluvial environment, with a different flow to the marine one. Other formulas were elaborated specifically for coastal structures, closer to the coast than offshore wind farms, and with dimensions completely different. This paper presents the analysis of three formulas: Isbash, corresponding to fluvial environment, and Soulsby, and De Vos, corresponding to marine environment. The results of the application of those formulas are compared with real data of scour protection systems showing good results in five offshore wind facilities in operation (Arklow Bank phase 1, Egmond aan Zee, Horns Rev phase 1, Princess Amalia, and Scroby Sands), giving conclusion about the uncertainties of the use of these formulas and recommendations for using them in offshore wind.

ACS Style

M.Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Luciano Sanz. Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 440 .

AMA Style

M.Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, Luciano Sanz. Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (12):440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Luciano Sanz. 2019. "Riprap Scour Protection for Monopiles in Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12: 440.

Review
Published: 02 December 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

ACS Style

Sergio Sánchez; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Dolores Esteban. Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 441 .

AMA Style

Sergio Sánchez, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, M. Dolores Esteban. Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (12):441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Sánchez; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; M. Dolores Esteban. 2019. "Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12: 441.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In a context of growing global awareness of environmental sustainability, given the risks associated with global warming and climate change, the transition from environmental models to highly intensive fossil fuel production towards new clean energy systems marks the future of global public agendas. In this scenario, a feasibility study of the installation of wave energy converters, such as the Sea Slot-Cone Generator (SSG) and the Oscillating Water Column (OWC), was carried out in existing breakwaters in the North of Spain, choosing Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña), Dique Torres and Dique Norte (Port el Musel, Gijón) and Punta Lucero (Port of Bilbao). It was aimed at capturing the great energy potential of the Atlantic Ocean, as an innovative solution linked to the development of renewable energy sources of marine origin. The selection of the most optimal and efficient alternative will depend on different aspects: the quantitative availability of the wave energy resource at the study points, the production of energy obtained by the device and the capacity factor, the capacity of the wave energy facility to supply the energy consumption in every port to boost the image of “Green Port”, the constructive viability so that the condition of having the construction works only during one year and an economic estimation of each alternative.

ACS Style

M. Carmen Lacasa; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Zhipeng Zang. Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5225 .

AMA Style

M. Carmen Lacasa, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro, Zhipeng Zang. Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (23):5225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Carmen Lacasa; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro; Zhipeng Zang. 2019. "Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23: 5225.

Review
Published: 30 July 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Renewable energies play a fundamental role within the current political and social framework for minimizing the impacts of climate change. The ocean has a vast potential for generating energy and therefore, the marine renewable energies are included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These energies include wave, tidal, marine currents, ocean thermal, and osmotic. Moreover, it can also be included wind, solar, geothermal and biomass powers, which their main use is onshore, but in the near future their use at sea may be considered. The manuscript starts with a state-of-the-art review of the abovementioned marine renewable energy resources worldwide. The paper continues with a case study focused on the Spanish coast, divided into six regions: (I) Cantabrian, (II) Galician, (III) South Atlantic, (IV) Canary Islands, (V) Southern Mediterranean, and (VI) Northern Mediterranean. The results show that: (1) areas I and II are suitable for offshore wind, wave and biomass; (2) areas III and V are suitable for offshore wind, marine current and offshore solar; area IV is suitable for offshore wind, ocean wave and offshore solar; (3) and area VI is suitable for offshore wind, osmotic and offshore solar. This analysis can help politicians and technicians to plan the use of these resources in Spain.

ACS Style

María Dolores Esteban; Juan Manuel Espada; José Marcos Ortega; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. What about Marine Renewable Energies in Spain? Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 249 .

AMA Style

María Dolores Esteban, Juan Manuel Espada, José Marcos Ortega, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro. What about Marine Renewable Energies in Spain? Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (8):249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Dolores Esteban; Juan Manuel Espada; José Marcos Ortega; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. 2019. "What about Marine Renewable Energies in Spain?" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8: 249.

Review
Published: 12 March 2019 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In recent years, the offshore wind industry has seen an important boost that is expected to continue in the coming years. In order for the offshore wind industry to achieve adequate development, it is essential to solve some existing uncertainties, some of which relate to foundations. These foundations are important for this type of project. As foundations represent approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind project, it is essential that they receive special attention. There are different types of foundations that are used in the offshore wind industry. The most common types are steel monopiles, gravity-based structures (GBS), tripods, and jackets. However, there are some other types, such as suction caissons, tripiles, etc. For high water depths, the alternative to the previously mentioned foundations is the use of floating supports. Some offshore wind installations currently in operation have GBS-type foundations (also known as GBF: Gravity-based foundation). Although this typology has not been widely used until now, there is research that has highlighted its advantages over other types of foundation for both small and large water depth sites. There are no doubts over the importance of GBS. In fact, the offshore wind industry is trying to introduce improvements so as to turn GBF into a competitive foundation alternative, suitable for the widest ranges of water depth. The present article deals with GBS foundations. The article begins with the current state of the field, including not only the concepts of GBS constructed so far, but also other concepts that are in a less mature state of development. Furthermore, we also present a classification of this type of structure based on the GBS of offshore wind facilities that are currently in operation, as well as some reflections on future GBS alternatives.

ACS Style

M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. Gravity-Based Foundations in the Offshore Wind Sector. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2019, 7, 64 .

AMA Style

M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro. Gravity-Based Foundations in the Offshore Wind Sector. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7 (3):64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. 2019. "Gravity-Based Foundations in the Offshore Wind Sector." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 3: 64.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2019 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Estimation of wave run-up has been of increasing concern for offshore wind structures and a critical aspect for designers. The highly nonlinear phenomenon makes the study difficult. That is the reason for the very few design rules and experimental data available to estimate it. Actual wave run-up is greater than commonly predicted. The goal of this research is to benchmark the theoretical formulations with the results of the physical model tests performed by Deltares in the field of crest elevation, run-up, forces and pressures. The laboratory reproduced in a wave tank (75 m length; 8.7 m width; 1 m depth; and a 1:60 scale, with Froude similarity) an offshore power converter platform located at intermediate water depths (25–43.80 m) in the Southern North Sea, designed by the Norwegian company Aibel. The purpose of this research is to offer a preliminary design guide for wave run–up using theoretical expressions both for cylinders and gravity based structures (GBS), leaning on the cited laboratory tests to validate the results obtained by such theoretical models.

ACS Style

Jorge Luengo Frades; Vicente Negro; Javier García Barba; Mario Martín-Antón; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Luis J. Moreno Blasco. Preliminary Design for Wave Run-Up in Offshore Wind Farms: Comparison between Theoretical Models and Physical Model Tests. Energies 2019, 12, 492 .

AMA Style

Jorge Luengo Frades, Vicente Negro, Javier García Barba, Mario Martín-Antón, José Santos López-Gutiérrez, M. Dolores Esteban, Luis J. Moreno Blasco. Preliminary Design for Wave Run-Up in Offshore Wind Farms: Comparison between Theoretical Models and Physical Model Tests. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Luengo Frades; Vicente Negro; Javier García Barba; Mario Martín-Antón; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Luis J. Moreno Blasco. 2019. "Preliminary Design for Wave Run-Up in Offshore Wind Farms: Comparison between Theoretical Models and Physical Model Tests." Energies 12, no. 3: 492.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2018 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The construction of caisson breakwaters dates from ancient times (Brindisi battle and Caesarea Maritima, Roman Empire) of yore but has evolved with regards to technology and the materials available at all times (wood, gravel, and rubble mound). The growth in draught in vessels searching for deep water depths for berthing plus environmental problems have led to the 20th century facilitating the boom in vertical types and concrete caissons built in different ways (dry and floating techniques). Furthermore, structural criteria gave way to functional, environmental, and aesthetic criteria. The search for new, more efficient forms led to the construction of increasingly more complex elements including many that still require an economically viable construction system. To where will this search for new materials and forms take us? The use of composite materials could be considered, at the moment, as too expensive, but analyzing the cost with a wider approach, as Life Cycle Assessment, shows us that caissons in composite materials are cost effective and could be a solution. Furthermore, the possibility of using recyclable composites opens up big opportunities of using these materials at affordable costs. Caissons in composites or recycled composites are then a real alternative to concrete caissons. In Spain, two examples can be observed: a berthing area in Canary Island (Puerto del Rosario, South Atlantic Ocean) and a crown wall in Cartagena using polyester fiber bars (Mediterranean Sea). European policy in matters of sustainability promotes the circular economy, which means not only consider construction of caissons in recycled composites should be considered but also the comparison of all materials and construction procedures. Lastly, the calculation of the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) should be promoted.

ACS Style

Eduardo Cejuela; Vicente Negro; Jose María Del Campo; Mario Martín-Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; Jose Santos López-Gutiérrez. Recent History, Types, and Future of Modern Caisson Technology: The Way to More Sustainable Practices. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3839 .

AMA Style

Eduardo Cejuela, Vicente Negro, Jose María Del Campo, Mario Martín-Antón, M. Dolores Esteban, Jose Santos López-Gutiérrez. Recent History, Types, and Future of Modern Caisson Technology: The Way to More Sustainable Practices. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eduardo Cejuela; Vicente Negro; Jose María Del Campo; Mario Martín-Antón; M. Dolores Esteban; Jose Santos López-Gutiérrez. 2018. "Recent History, Types, and Future of Modern Caisson Technology: The Way to More Sustainable Practices." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3839.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2018 in Renewable Energy
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In 2014, the Renewable Energy Journal published innovative research where the authors showed the results obtained in work where the design of support structures and foundations in marine based wind farms were questioned. The uncertainties in the design were then justified by the “limited” field experience and in the review of the standards and recommendations existing at that time. Fundamentally, an analysis was made of the ratio between useful life and the probability of failure, the wave theories to be used, the hydrodynamics of Morison, Froude-Krylov and diffraction domains, together with the scouring phenomena processes and consequent protection of structural items. Using the knowledge gained during these three years, the research work herein presented covers further reflections such as the nonlinearity in wave mechanics, its effects on orbital seabed velocities, variation in the behaviour of the Keulegan-Carpenter number (KC), impact on scour in the KC-6 equation, the analysis of statistics of forces applied to load combinations in structures at depths in excess of fifty metres, taking giant steps in offshore engineering and leaving behind classical maritime engineering techniques.

ACS Style

Jorge Luengo; Vicente Negro; Javier García-Barba; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban. New detected uncertainties in the design of foundations for offshore Wind Turbines. Renewable Energy 2018, 131, 667 -677.

AMA Style

Jorge Luengo, Vicente Negro, Javier García-Barba, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, M. Dolores Esteban. New detected uncertainties in the design of foundations for offshore Wind Turbines. Renewable Energy. 2018; 131 ():667-677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Luengo; Vicente Negro; Javier García-Barba; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban. 2018. "New detected uncertainties in the design of foundations for offshore Wind Turbines." Renewable Energy 131, no. : 667-677.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Emilio Vizcaíno; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. Surveys Applied to the Improvements of Beaches. Case Studies: Las Canteras, Hoya Pozuelo and Salinetas (Gran Canaria Island, Spain). Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 1441 -1445.

AMA Style

Emilio Vizcaíno, M. Dolores Esteban, José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, Vicente Negro. Surveys Applied to the Improvements of Beaches. Case Studies: Las Canteras, Hoya Pozuelo and Salinetas (Gran Canaria Island, Spain). Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():1441-1445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio Vizcaíno; M. Dolores Esteban; José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; Vicente Negro. 2018. "Surveys Applied to the Improvements of Beaches. Case Studies: Las Canteras, Hoya Pozuelo and Salinetas (Gran Canaria Island, Spain)." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 1441-1445.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

López-Gutiérrez, J.S.; Esteban, M.D., and Negro, V., 2018. Wave Energy Potential Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of Wave Energy Converters. Case Study: Spanish Coast. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp.1291–1295. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Wave energy is one of the marine renewable energy types, essential to achieve a sustainable development. Coastal countries need to know the wave energy potential along their coasts, so its contribution to the future electricity market is estimated. Spain has noticeable variations in its average wave climate, so it is essential to analyse numerous locations. For research purposes, wave energy potential is estimated based on data from the 15 Spanish State Port buoys currently in operation in deep waters. Because these buoys were set up at different times, with some moored around 2005, the sample between 2005 and 2015 is studied with the purpose of comparing results. REDEXT buoys, arranged from highest to lowest wave energy potential, are: Villano-Sisargas (56.84 kW/m), Cabo Silleiro (53.50 kW/m), Estaca de Bares (53.36 kW/m), Cabo de Peñas (39.66 kW/m), Bilbao-Vizcaya (39.09 kW/m), Gran Canaria (23.71 kW/m), Mahón (16.21 kW/m), Cabo de Begur (13.95 kW/m), Golfo de Cádiz (12.70 kW/m), Dragonera (10.16 kW/m), Cabo de Gata (8.43 kW/m), Cabo de Palos (8.17 kW/m), Tenerife Sur (6.93 kW/m), Tarragona (6.14 kW/m) and Valencia (5.42 kW/m). Some buoys were moored in the 1990s allowing an analysis to be made of how the average wave climate has changed over the last years. Furthermore, a study is undertaken analysing the feasibility of different wave energy converters, specifically Pelamis 750 kW, Oyster 300 kW, Aquabuoy 250 kW, and SSG 20,000 kW, in the 15 buoy locations. Energy production and the capacity factor of all devices for the 15 locations are calculated, obtaining as a result that the most suitable device for all the locations studied is Oyster, and the least suitable is SSG. All the results are shown in different comparative tables and figures, with a summary of the most emphasizing information in each buoy.

ACS Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. Wave Energy Potential Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of Wave Energy Converters. Case Study: Spanish Coast. Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 1291 -1295.

AMA Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez, M. Dolores Esteban, Vicente Negro. Wave Energy Potential Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of Wave Energy Converters. Case Study: Spanish Coast. Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():1291-1295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. 2018. "Wave Energy Potential Assessment and Feasibility Analysis of Wave Energy Converters. Case Study: Spanish Coast." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 1291-1295.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Negro, V.; López-Gutiérrez, J.S.; Esteban, M.D.; Del Campo, J.M., and Luengo, J., 2018. Action strategy for studying marine and coastal works with climate change on the horizon. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 506–510. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Climate Change effects can be analysed from different points of view. As far as harbour and coastal engineering are concerned, the most worrying effect is the sea level rise, having been observed over the whole planet during the 20th century, reaching figures up to 1 or 2 millimetres per year. Lately, it has been seen an acceleration of the process, developing an annual rise rate of 3 millimetres in the period between 1993 and 2003. In Spain, this rise in sea level can be estimated between 3 and 5 millimetres a year, although this value is not uniform along the whole coastline. The prediction for the first half of the 21st century forecasts a sea level rise of more than 3 centimetres in the Cantabrian coast, between 15 and 20 centimetres in the Mediterranean Sea and 10 in the Gulf of Cadiz, South West of Spain, in the Atlantic Ocean. This means that beaches will shrink between 10 and 15 metres in the Cantabrian, between 8 and 10 metres in the Mediterranean and 8 metres in the Gulf of Cadiz. These movements may affect structures and properties located on the coast and create concerns amongst people living there, particularly when facing extreme climate events. This research reflects on these phenomena and proposes an action strategy to achieve resilient coastal and harbour structures, in order to make them able to cope with any extreme events that may occur.

ACS Style

Vicente Negro; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; José María Del Campo; Jorge Luengo. Action Strategy for Studying Marine and Coastal Works with Climate Change on the Horizon. Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 506 -510.

AMA Style

Vicente Negro, José Santos López-Gutiérrez, M. Dolores Esteban, José María Del Campo, Jorge Luengo. Action Strategy for Studying Marine and Coastal Works with Climate Change on the Horizon. Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():506-510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vicente Negro; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; M. Dolores Esteban; José María Del Campo; Jorge Luengo. 2018. "Action Strategy for Studying Marine and Coastal Works with Climate Change on the Horizon." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 506-510.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Escobar, A.; López-Gutiérrez, J.S.; Esteban, M.D., and Negro, V., 2018. A modified method for assessing hydrodynamic loads in the design of gravity-based structures for offshore wind energy. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 931–935. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The structural typologies used nowadays in offshore power generation mainly depend on the bearing capacity of the foundation, the sea depth and wave conditions, the characteristics of the offshore wind farm and the impact on the landscape. The use of gravity base structures (GBS) or other type of structures is subject to these input data. The aim of this paper is to ease the decision-making related with the GBS design, by applying different calculation schemes in the two different hydrodynamic domains, D/L0.20 (Diffraction); observing how the models may be complemented in the previous design, by means of dynamic pressure schemes derived from the mechanic of waves. For that purpose, three case studies are raise; the first one, assuming that the structure is a vertical seawall submitted to a quasi-stationary diagram of hydrodynamic pressures and applying the Goda′s theory; the second one, assuming a model of inertial and drag forces, applying the Morison′s theory; and finally, the third case propose the use of the Goda′s theory in the section near foundation, and the Morison theory in the section of shaft, observing the level of trust and the adjustment of this typology of structures. This innovative approach can be used as an advanced guideline to ensure a suitable design of GBS for locations with sea depths between 20 to 40 meters in which it is expected the implementation of this structural typology, and on the other hand, to identify if those locations are suitable for the implementation of GBS.

ACS Style

Adrián Escobar; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. A Modified Method for Assessing Hydrodynamic Loads in the Design of Gravity-Based Structures for Offshore Wind Energy. Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 931 -935.

AMA Style

Adrián Escobar, José Santos López-Gutiérrez, María Dolores Esteban, Vicente Negro. A Modified Method for Assessing Hydrodynamic Loads in the Design of Gravity-Based Structures for Offshore Wind Energy. Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():931-935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián Escobar; José Santos López-Gutiérrez; María Dolores Esteban; Vicente Negro. 2018. "A Modified Method for Assessing Hydrodynamic Loads in the Design of Gravity-Based Structures for Offshore Wind Energy." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 931-935.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Moreno, L.; Negro, V.; Garrote, L.; Muñoz-Pérez, J.J.; López, J.S., and Esteban, M.D., 2018. An Engineering Method For The Preliminary Functional Design Of Perched Beaches. Theoretical Approach. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1261–1265. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Perched beaches are an attractive nourishment design alternative especially when either the site conditions or the characteristics of both the native and the borrow sands lead to a non-intersecting profile. The observation and suggestion of the use of this type of coastal defense scheme dates back to the 1960's, as well as the international experience in its construction. However, in spite of its use and the field and laboratory studies performed to-date, no design engineering guidance is available to support its design. Key dimensionless parameters that will be able to explain the performance of perched beaches have been identified, linking basic design variables such as: the wave height and period, the crest width and height, the depth at the toe of the sill, and the sand settling velocity. An engineering 4-step conceptual design method has been anticipated. This work will be expanded by systematic mobile-bed physical model tests - to be performed in a 36 × 3 × 1.5 m wave flume -, with the goal of producing engineering preliminary functional design guidelines of perched beaches based on the key dimensionless parameters herein identified.

ACS Style

Luis Moreno; Vicente Negro; Luis Garrote; Juan José Muñoz-Pérez; José Santos López; María Dolores Esteban. An Engineering Method For The Preliminary Functional Design Of Perched Beaches. Theoretical Approach. Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 1261 -1265.

AMA Style

Luis Moreno, Vicente Negro, Luis Garrote, Juan José Muñoz-Pérez, José Santos López, María Dolores Esteban. An Engineering Method For The Preliminary Functional Design Of Perched Beaches. Theoretical Approach. Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():1261-1265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Moreno; Vicente Negro; Luis Garrote; Juan José Muñoz-Pérez; José Santos López; María Dolores Esteban. 2018. "An Engineering Method For The Preliminary Functional Design Of Perched Beaches. Theoretical Approach." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 1261-1265.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Coastal Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Isabelo García; Vicente Negro; Jose Santos López; María D. Esteban; Jose M. Del Campo. Parametric Guidelines of Tombolo Formations behind Detached Breakwater Systems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast. Journal of Coastal Research 2018, 85, 1066 -1070.

AMA Style

Isabelo García, Vicente Negro, Jose Santos López, María D. Esteban, Jose M. Del Campo. Parametric Guidelines of Tombolo Formations behind Detached Breakwater Systems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast. Journal of Coastal Research. 2018; 85 ():1066-1070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabelo García; Vicente Negro; Jose Santos López; María D. Esteban; Jose M. Del Campo. 2018. "Parametric Guidelines of Tombolo Formations behind Detached Breakwater Systems in Spanish Mediterranean Coast." Journal of Coastal Research 85, no. : 1066-1070.