There is interest in identifying natural products capable of manipulating rumen microbial activity to develop new feed additives for ruminant nutrition as a strategy to reduce methane. Two trials were performed using the in vitro gas production technique to evaluate the interaction of substrate (n = 5) and additive (n = 6, increasing doses: 0, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 µL/L of essential oils—EO—of Lippia turbinata or Tagetes minuta, and monensin at 1.87 mg/L). The two EO utilized were selected because they differ markedly in their chemical composition, especially in the proportion of oxygenated compounds. For both EO, the interaction between the substrate and additive was significant for all variables; however, the interaction behaved differently for the two EO. Within each substrate, the response was dose-dependent, without effects at a low level of EO and a negative outcome at the highest dose. The intermediate dose (30 µL/L) inhibited methane with a slight reduction on substrate digestibility, with L. turbinata being more effective than T. minuta. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the EO to reduce methane production depends on interactions between the substrate that is fermented and the additive dose that generates different characteristics within the incubation medium (e.g., pH); and thus, the chemical nature of the compounds of the EO modulates the magnitude of this response.

The relationship of chemical quality of peanut seed with the soil temperature (ST) has received little attention. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of ST in the seed growth environment, during the seed filling period, on the oleic/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, alpha, beta, gamma, delta tocopherols and the sum of them (TT), fructose, glucose and sucrose and the sum of them (FGS), contents in peanut kernels. Field experiments included cultivars (Florman and ASEM), water regimes (irrigated and water stress), sowing dates and alteration of ST. The response of O/L ratio to ST fitted a linear model, where the O/L ratio increased while ST increased. Mean O/L ratios were 1.31 for ASEM and 1.20 for Florman. The TT mean concentration was similar for both genotypes (478 ppm). A positive association between α-tocopherol (the main source of vitamin E) and ST, and a negative association between δ and α tocopherols were detected. The responses of FGS and sucrose to ST fitted linear models, where increments in ST showed decreases in FGS and sucrose concentrations. However, the decrease rates of FGS and sucrose in ASEM were three times lower than in Florman. The results showed that ST affected the chemical composition of peanut kernels, which mainly determines the shelf life and flavor of both genotypes differentially.

Argentina es el principal exportador mundial de girasol confitero. Este trabajo caracterizó la composición morfométrica y nutricional de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero. Las variables morfométricas promedio por semilla fueron: peso 0,11 g y 0,06 g, con y sin aquenio respectivamente; longitud 15,2 mm; ancho 8,50 mm; la mayoría de calibres superiores a 9,51 mm. El análisis composicional indicó que las semillas sin cáscara aportan 49 % de lípidos, 28 % de proteínas, 11 % de carbohidratos y 4,8 % de minerales. La composición de ácidos grasos mostró que los poliinsaturados fueron los componentes principales (56 %), seguidos de los monoinsaturados (34 %) y los saturados (11 %). El genotipo medio oleico presentó porcentaje de ácido oleico significativamente mayor (47 %) y porcentaje de ácido linoleico menor (42 %) que el híbrido comercial. La composición de proteínas fue de 33 % de aminoácidos esenciales (AAE); fibra y azúcares de 3,9 % y 7,3 %, respectivamente; macroelementos K, Mg y Ca, y microelementos Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Mo y Na. Los nuevos híbridos de girasol confitero desarrollados por INTA se destacan por la alta calidad del aceite, proteínas y componentes esenciales, todos estos de importancia para la industria alimenticia.

This study evaluated the effect of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on glyphosate (GLY) bioavailability in soil and its impact on rice plant metabolism and biomass production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using three Colombian soils (CS1, CS2, CS3), four treatment strategies, and six GLY doses (0-12 L ha⁻¹). Treatments differed in the timing of MAP application relative to GLY: before, simultaneously, or after herbicide application. MAP was applied at 60 kg P ha⁻¹. Results showed that GLY availability in the rhizosphere led to significant increases in leaf shikimic acid (SA), a marker of herbicide-induced stress. SA accumulation and biomass reduction were both dose-dependent, with the greatest physiological impacts observed under simultaneous or post-herbicide phosphate application. MAP addition to soil enhanced GLY mobility by promoting desorption from soil particles, intensifying its uptake and metabolic effects on the plants. While GLY exposure did not induce lethal symptoms, it caused clear sub-lethal alterations in metabolism and growth. These findings highlight the importance of managing phosphate-herbicide interactions to reduce unintended effects on crop performance.