Background: Since December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused a large number of hospital admissions in China. Many patients with COVID-19 have symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome, even are in danger of death. This is the first study to evaluate dynamic changes of D-Dimer and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio (NLR) as a prognostic utility in patients with COVID-19 for clinical use. Methods: In a retrospective study, we collected data from 349 hospitalized patients who diagnosed as the infection of the COVID-19 in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital. We used ROC curves and Cox regression analysis to explore critical value (optimal cut-off point associated with Youden index) and prognostic role of dynamic changes of D-Dimer and NLR. Results: Three hundred forty-nine participants were enrolled in this study and the mortality rate of the patients with laboratory diagnosed COVID-19 was 14.9%. The initial and peak value of D-Dimer and NLR in deceased patients were higher statistically compared with survivors (P < 0.001). There was a more significant upward trend of D-Dimer and NLR during hospitalization in the deceased patients, initial D-Dimer and NLR were lower than the peak tests (MD) -25.23, 95% CI: − 31.81- -18.64, P < 0.001; (MD) -43.73, 95% CI:-59.28- -31.17, P < 0.001. The test showed a stronger correlation between hospitalization days, PCT and peak D-Dimer than initial D-Dimer. The areas under the ROC curves of peak D-Dimer and peak NLR tests were higher than the initial tests (0.94(95%CI: 0.90–0.98) vs. 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87); 0.93 (95%CI:0.90–0.96) vs. 0.86 (95%CI:0.82–0.91). The critical value of initial D-Dimer, peak D-Dimer, initial NLR and peak NLR was 0.73 mg/L, 3.78 mg/L,7.13 and 14.31 respectively. 35 (10.03%) patients were intubated. In the intubated patients, initial and peak D-Dimer and NLR were much higher than non-intubated patients (P < 0.001). The critical value of initial D-Dimer, peak D-Dimer, initial NLR and peak NLR in prognosticate of intubation was 0.73 mg/L, 12.75 mg/L,7.28 and 27.55. The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.07, P = 0.01), the peak D-Dimer (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, P < 0.001) were prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients’ death. Conclusions: To dynamically observe the ratio of D-Dimer and NLR was more valuable during the prognosis of COVID-19. The rising trend in D-Dimer and NLR, or the test results higher than the critical values may indicate a risk of death for participants with COVID-19.

A deep learning computer artificial intelligence system is helpful for early identification of ground glass opacities (GGOs). Images from the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) database were used in AlexNet and GoogLeNet to detect pulmonary nodules, and 221 GGO images provided by Xinhua Hospital were used in ResNet50 for detecting GGOs. We used computed tomography image radial reorganization to create the input image of the three-dimensional features, and used the extracted features for deep learning, network training, testing, and analysis. In the final evaluation results, we found that the accuracy of identification of lung nodule could reach 88.0%, with an F-score of 0.891. In terms of performance and accuracy, our method was better than the existing solutions. The GGO nodule classification achieved the best F-score of 0.87805. We propose a preprocessing method of red, green, and blue (RGB) superposition in the region of interest to effectively increase the differentiation between nodules and normal tissues, and that is the innovation of our research. The method of deep learning proposed in this study is more sensitive than other systems in recent years, and the average false positive is lower than that of others.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence shows an upward trend. A study of the long-term changes in the premature death rate in lung cancer in a developed region of China has great exploratory significance to further clarify the effectiveness of intervention measures. Objective: This study examined long-term changes in premature lung cancer death rates in order to understand the changes in mortality and to design future prevention plans in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai, China. Methods: Cancer death data were collected from the Mortality Registration System of PNA. We analyzed the crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate by Segi’s world standard population (ASMRW), and years of life lost (YLL) of patients with lung cancer from 1973 to 2019. Temporal trends in the CMR, ASMRW, and YLL rate were calculated by joinpoint regression expressed as an average annual percentage change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% CI. Results: All registered permanent residents in PNA (80,543,137 person-years) from 1973 to 2019 were enrolled in this study. There were 42,229 deaths from lung cancer. The CMR and ASMRW were 52.43/105 and 27.79/105 person-years, respectively. The YLL due to premature death from lung cancer was 481779.14 years, and the YLL rate was 598.16/105 person-years. The CMR and YLL rate showed significantly increasing trends in men, women, and the total population (P<.001). The CMR of the total population increased by 2.86% (95% CI 2.66-3.07, P<.001) per year during the study period. The YLL rate increased with an AAPC of 2.21% (95% CI 1.92-2.51, P<.001) per year. The contribution rates of increased CMR values caused by demographic factors were more evident than those caused by nondemographic factors. Conclusions: Lung cancer deaths showed an increasing trend in PNA from 1973 to 2019. Demographic factors, such as the aging population, contributed more to an increased CMR. Our research can help us understand the changes in lung cancer mortality and can be used for similar cities in designing future prevention plans.

This study outlines asthma burden trends across age, sex, regions and risk factors in 'Belt and Road' (B&R) countries from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data. Incidence, mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors for asthma were measured. India, China and Indonesia bore the heaviest burden in 2019. Despite the significant decline in the average annual percent change for age-standardized mortality and years of life lost from 1990 to 2019, increases were observed in several East Asian, Central Asian, North African and Middle Eastern countries between 2010 and 2019. For both sexes, YLDs decreased in most B&R countries but increased in Montenegro, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Vietnam and Oman. YLDs in Georgia, the United Arab Emirates and Albania increased in males but decreased in females. YLDs increased for those aged <15 years in Central Asia and Europe, while China's 50-74-year age group showed the lowest YLD change. High body mass index (BMI) led to increased YLDs in East, Central and Southeast Asia; North Africa; and the Middle East. Conclusively, asthma burden varies significantly by country. Tailoring control efforts to specific regions, sex and high BMI could enhance asthma management.

The interaction between CD147 and ANT1 in M2 macrophages occurs via mitochondrial translocation, resulting in alterations in ANT1 expression levels. This, in turn, triggers the activation of the mitophagy pathway, leading to modifications in OXPHOS levels. Ultimately, these changes contribute to the enhancement of M2 polarization, thereby exacerbating airway remodeling in asthma.