Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have a promising future in reliable energy harvesting to drive low power consumption devices for indoor applications. In this article, the outdoor (1 sun) and indoor (2700 K LED) performance of an inverted OPV, PTB7-Th:PC₇₀BM, with three different solution-processed electron transport layers (ETLs = PFN, TiO_x, and ZnO) was compared. The morphological, optical, and electrical measurements indicated the strong dependency of the OPV performance on the illumination conditions. The sample with PFN-ETL showed the highest outdoor performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.55% and the best reported fill factor (FF) of 75.00% among the PTB7-Th:PC₇₀BM-based OPVs; surprisingly, it exhibited the lowest performance when illuminated under 250–2000 lux 2700 K LED light. Meanwhile, the lowest outdoor performance was demonstrated by ZnO with a PCE of 10.03%; it displayed the best indoor performance with a PCE of 13.94% under 1000 lux LED light and a PCE of up to 16.49% under 1750 lux LED light. The changes in the FF values could be estimated by incorporating the parasitic resistance effect due to the type of ETL used. Additionally, using impedance spectroscopy, we observed that the indoor performance agreed well with the trend of the charge collection efficiency.

Finding an effective approach to suppress trap formation is a potential route for enhancing the performance of nonfullerene organic photovoltaic (NF‐OPVs) devices. Here, an extraordinary short‐circuit current density (J_SC) value of 32.65 mA cm^‐2 is achieved, higher than the state‐of‐the art NF‐OPVs reported, reaching a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.92%. This remarkable enhancement is exhibited through the fine‐tuning of PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7 films and interface morphologies via applying the prethermal treatment approach (Pre‐TT) to the devices, which exhibit J_SC and PCE enhancement of 21% and 8%, respectively, compared to the pristine devices. Accordingly, the dependence of the J_SC upon the Pre‐TT approach through a range of morphological, optical, electrical, and advanced transient measurements is investigated. The Pre‐TT‐based films are found to possess optimal smooth blend morphology with better dispersity owing to reduced domain size. Moreover, the measurements show that the optimized treated devices present higher exciton dissociation probabilities and generation rate of the free charge carriers, showing an ideal balanced electron/hole mobility that reveals the J_SC and PCE enhancement. Hence, Pre‐TT approach provides a facile passivation strategy that reduces the trap state density of the blend film, improves interface charge transfer, allows balanced electron/hole mobility, and thus promotes device performance.

Combined impedance spectroscopy and photovoltage/photocurrent transient techniques with dark J – V modelling was employed to study the shelf ISOS-D1 stability of organic solar cells.

The incorporation of p-type functionalized carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and their comparison with p-type functionalized single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and DWCNTs) are reported in this study for the first time. These p-type functionalized carbon nanomaterial (CNM) derivatives were successfully synthesized by [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction with nitrenes formed from triphenylamine (TPA) and 9-phenyl carbazole (Cz)-based azides, yielding CNHs-TPA, CNHs-Cz, SWCNTs-Cz, SWCNTs-TPA, DWCNTs-TPA, and DWCNTs-Cz. These six novel CNMs were incorporated into the spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer (HTL) to evaluate their impact on regular mesoporous PSCs. The photovoltaic results indicate that all p-type functionalized CNMs significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), mainly by enhancing the short-circuit current density (J_sc) and fill factor (FF). TPA-functionalized derivatives increased the PCE by 12-17% compared to the control device without CNMs, while Cz-functionalized derivatives resulted in a PCE increase of 4-8%. Devices prepared with p-type functionalized CNHs exhibited a slightly better PCE compared with those based on SWCNTs and DWCNTs derivatives. The increase in hole mobility of spiro-OMeTAD, additional p-type doping, better energy alignment with the perovskite layer, and enhanced morphology and contact interface play important roles in enhancing the performance of the device. Furthermore, the incorporation of p-type functionalized CNMs into the spiro-OMeTAD layer increased device stability by improving the hydrophobicity of the layer and enhancing the hole transport across the MAPI/spiro-OMeTAD interface. After 28 days under ambient conditions and darkness, TPA-functionalized CNMs maintained the performance of the device by over 90%, while Cz-functionalized CNMs preserved it between 75 and 85%.

At present, low long-term stability is the main limitation for organic solar cells. The origin of the degradation of high-efficiency non-fullerene solar cells by impedance spectroscopy and its degradation mechanisms has been investigated.

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have experienced significant development in the last decades after the introduction of nonfullerene acceptor molecules with top power conversion efficiencies reported over 19% and considerable versatility, for example, with application in transparent/semitransparent and flexible photovoltaics. Yet, the optimization of the operational stability continues to be a challenge. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the use of a conjugated polyelectrolyte polymer (CPE-Na) as a hole layer (HTL) to improve the performance and longevity of OPV cells. Two different fabrication approaches were adopted: integrating CPE-Na with PEDOT:PSS to create a composite HTL and using CPE-Na as a stand-alone bilayer deposited beneath PEDOT:PSS on the ITO substrate. These configurations were compared against a reference device employing PEDOT:PSS alone, as the HTL increased efficiency and fill factor. The instruments with CPE-Na also demonstrated increased stability in the dark and under simulated operational conditions. Device-based PEDOT:PSS as an HTL reached T80 after 2500 h while involving CPE-Na in the device kept at T90 in the same period, evidenced by a reduced degradation rate. Furthermore, the impedance spectroscopy and photoinduced transient methods suggest optimized charge transfer and reduced charge carrier recombination. These findings collectively highlight the potential of CPE-Na as a HTL optimizer material for nonfluorine OPV cells.