In this work, solid flexible polymer blend electrolytes (PBE) composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with different amounts of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) salt mixed in double-distilled water (solvent) are prepared via solution casting method. The obtained films are characterized using several techniques. The study of the surface morphology of the polymer blend salt complex films via the POM technique reveals the presence of amorphous regions due to the NaSCN effect. FTIR spectra studies confirm the complex formation between PVA, PVP, and NaSCN. The addition of 20 wt% NaSCN salt in the composition PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) polymer blend matrix leads to an increase in the number of charge carriers and thus improves the ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of each polymer blend electrolyte was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 8.1 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm S cm⁻¹ is obtained for the composition of PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) with 20 wt% NaSCN. LSV test shows the optimized ion-conducting polymer blend electrolyte is electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. TNM analysis reveals that 99% of ions contribute for the conductivity against 1% of electrons only in the highly conductive polymer electrolyte PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) + 20 wt% NaSCN. A supercapacitor device was fabricated using the optimized ion-conducting polymer blend film and graphene oxide (GO) coated electrodes. The GCD curve clearly reveals the behavior of an ideal capacitor with less Faradic process and low ESR value. The columbic efficiency of the GO-based system is found to be 100%, the GO-based electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 12.15 F/g and the system delivers the charge for a long duration. The specific capacitance of the solid-state supercapacitor cell was found to be 13.28 F/g via the CV approach close to 14.25 F/g obtained with EIS data at low frequency.

In recent decades, the enhancement of the properties of electrolytes and electrodes resulted in the development of efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. We herein reported the impact of the different polymer electrolytes in terms of physicochemical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Since LIBs use many groups of electrolytes, such as liquid electrolytes, quasi-solid electrolytes, and solid electrolytes, the efficiency of the full device relies on the type of electrolyte used. A good electrolyte is the one that, when used in Li-ion batteries, exhibits high Li+ diffusion between electrodes, the lowest resistance during cycling at the interfaces, a high capacity of retention, a very good cycle-life, high thermal stability, high specific capacitance, and high energy density. The impact of various polymer electrolytes and their components has been reported in this work, which helps to understand their effect on battery performance. Although, single-electrolyte material cannot be sufficient to fulfill the requirements of a good LIB. This review is aimed to lead toward an appropriate choice of polymer electrolyte for LIBs.

A batch equilibrium system was utilized to examine methylene blue (MB) adsorption on prepared NiO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Different factors affecting the adsorption performance of NiO and CuO NPs with respect to MB were studied. Isotherm data were analyzed using the models of Langmuir and Freundlich at different temperatures, with that of Langmuir providing the best results. Higher MB adsorption capacities (166.67 mg/g, 156.25 mg/g, and 111.11 mg/g) were found for NiO NPs than for CuO NPs (28.66 mg/g, 34.47 mg/g, and 50.25 mg/g) at 30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C, respectively. Kinetic data were examined using models of the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion, and were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The observed adsorption rates of MB on CuO NPs were higher, while the total adsorption capacity of NiO NPs was higher, and the adsorption thermodynamic values were exothermic for NiO NPs and endothermic for CuO NPs.

A novel adsorbent prepared from the leaf powder of Teucrium polium L. (TPLLP) was characterized and its ability for adsorption of Cong red (CR) was inspected. Influences of CR concentration, adsorbent dosage, time of agitation, pH of solution, and temperature on the performance of this adsorption were also examined. Three models of kinetic along with three different isotherm models were applied for analyzing the empirical data of this adsorption. Additionally, the thermodynamic constants of were decided. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pH_ZPC of Zn/Cu-TPLLP were found to be 2.6436 m².g^-1, 0.013317 cm³.g^-1, 527.393 Å, and 8.8, respectively. The achieved outcomes indicate the positive influence of temperature, concentration of CR in the range of 20 to 900 mg/L, adsorbent mass in the range of 0.005 to 0.02 g, time of adsorption from 0 to 120 min, and pH from 5.5 to 8.5. Models of the 2^nd order with [ ] and Langmuir with [ ] were the best among the other kinetic and isotherm models applied in this research. Moreover, superior capacities of 526.32, 666.67, and 909.09 (mg.g^-1) were stemmed at 27, 42, and 57°C, respectively. The outcomes of the thermodynamic evidenced that this adsorption is spontaneous and a heat absorber.