In order to realize in situ multi-frame framing, this paper designed and developed a large-waist framing converter tube. The size ratio between the waist and the object was about 1.16:1. The subsequent test results showed that the static spatial resolution of the tube could reach 10 lp/mm (@ 72.5%) under the premise of this adjustment, and the transverse magnification could reach 2.9. Once the MCP (Micro Channel Plate) traveling wave gating unit is equipped at the output end, it is expected to promote the further development of in situ multi-frame framing technology.

X-ray phase-contrast imaging presents a significant advancement in the field of X-ray imaging, surpassing traditional X-ray absorption imaging in detecting hydrogen substances. It effectively addresses the limitations of the latter in providing contrast for imaging weakly absorbing objects, thereby opening up vast potential applications in biomedical research, materials science, and industrial inspection. This article initially explores the fundamental principles of X-ray phase-contrast imaging and several prevalent imaging techniques. Notably, imaging devices such as grating-based Talbot–Lau interferometers emerge as the most promising in phase-contrast imaging due to their exceptional compatibility and imaging quality. Furthermore, this article introduces key parameters for assessing the quality of grating phase-contrast imaging, specifically image noise and sensitivity, along with their calculation methods. These insights are valuable for optimizing grating-based phase-contrast imaging devices. Lastly, this article examines potential applications and advancements in the key components of X-ray phase-contrast imaging while addressing current challenges and future directions in its technological development. This article aims to provide insights and inspiration for scholars interested in this field.

The final stage of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment requires the diagnostic instruments to have the ability to obtain multiple images with high spatiotemporal resolution due to its extremely short duration. However, the influence of field curvature in the streak tube may lead to resolution differences between each image from single line-of-sight (SLOS) technology. In order to achieve high-precision adaptive adjustments, the direction and depth of adjustment should be determined rapidly, which means that the diagnostic instrument must work within the image depth of field of its detector imaging system, requiring it to measure the image field angle of the electron beam. Here, a method based on the streak tube using the combination of planar and spherical fluorescent screens to directly calculate the image field angle of the electron beam from the rear image quality has been proposed for the first time, and its effectiveness has been proved by experiments. It is expected to provide a basis for the diagnostic equipment in ICF experiments to achieve adaptive high-precision adjustment of the focusing voltage to obtain a series of high-resolution images.

High-voltage ultrafast pulses can be effectively used to control the gated traveling-wave amplitude division of microchannel plates. In view of that and according to the microstrip transmission theory, this study proposes a pulse generator based on the Marx circuit of a field-effect tube. In this study, detailed designs of the proposed pulse generator are presented and validated by simulations using the OrCAD PSpice. An experimental setup is constructed to demonstrate the viability of the proposed design. Finally, an optimized pulse with a 2.2-kV amplitude and a 220-ps width is generated. This article provides a reference for future design of advanced direct capacitor discharge pulse generator with adjustable pulse parameters using the silicon carbide field effect.

The development of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments necessitates the diagnostic instrument to have multiple frames with a high spatial and temporal resolution for the two-dimensional detection of the hot spot at the implosion end of the ICF. The existing sampling two-dimensional imaging technology in the world has superior performance; however, its subsequent development requires a streak tube with large lateral magnification. In this work, an electron beam separation device was designed and developed for the first time. The device can be used without changing the structure of the streak tube. It can be combined directly with the corresponding device and matched with a special control circuit. Based on the original transverse magnification, 1.77 times the secondary amplification can be achieved, which is conducive to expanding the recording range of the technology. The experimental results showed that the static spatial resolution of the streak tube after the inclusion of the device can still reach 10 lp/mm.

Streak cameras, known for their ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution, rely heavily on the spatial resolution capabilities of their core component, the streak tube, to ensure engineering stability. However, factors such as assembly inaccuracies and external magnetic fields, including geomagnetic interference, often cause deformation and shifts in the imaging plane. To enhance equipment stability and accelerate engineering advancements, a dual approach involving hardware improvements and computational imaging-based software corrections is essential. Future image reconstruction efforts in software require robust benchmarks; however, existing benchmarks are predominantly validated under idealized conditions, neglecting real-world interference factors. This study, grounded in electron optical imaging principles, experimentally confirms that the Lagrange–Helmholtz relationship remains valid within streak tube systems under geomagnetic field influences. These findings affirm that the imaging plane retains spatial resolution consistency despite such environmental disturbances. Consequently, the need for specific image orientations during reconstruction can be eliminated, enabling the development of more robust and efficient image reconstruction algorithms.