The present paper reports experiments on microwave heating of a carbonate oil-containing rock sample in the presence and absence of an iron-magnetite-based nanocatalyst. It has been shown that the used catalyst improves the processes of destructive hydrogenation of resins and asphaltenes compounds in the oil. The chemical reactions analysis demonstrated a decrease in asphaltenes content and in their molecular weight, which increases the filtration capacity of the oil fluid in the reservoir rock porous medium. Moreover, the content of non-extractable organic matter in the rock sample after experiments and after oil extraction was determined. It has been found that the absence of the catalyst causes the least increase in the content of non-extractable organic matter in the rock. This fact is related to the intensive processes of resinous-asphaltene compounds destruction especially at the level of peripheral groups which are the most condensed fraction, and hence leads to a decrease in their solubility in the organic medium and eases their adsorption on the mineral skeleton surface.

The design of a technological complex for microwave processing of organic materials is proposed. The electrodynamic system of an oversized microwave reactor for low-temperature pyrolysis has been developed. The constructive elements of the complex that allow its continuous failure-free operation in conditions of high radiation intensity are described. Based on the prototype of the elaborated reactor, model experiments on microwave pyrolysis of peat were carried out. The elemental composition of the solid fraction was analyzed during the conducted experiments. The possibility of the efficiency enhancement of the proposed processing method and potential applications of the novel technology are discussed.

A series of theoretical and experimental studies was carried out with the aim of a direct comparison of the thermal and microwave destruction of peat during pyrolysis. Different heating mechanisms in these processes were investigated in the framework of simulations conducted using a commercial 3D software package, CST Studio Suite, to define their specific features. Based on these simulations, identical reactors were constructed exploiting an electric element and a microwave complex as a heat source, and an experimental technique was developed that allows these processes to be correctly compared under similar conditions. Using these reactors based on different heat sources, comparative experiments on peat pyrolysis were performed, and the results of the theoretical analysis were confirmed. As a result, the advantages of microwave exposure were demonstrated to achieve a more uniform and deep fragmentation of peat, increase the reaction rate and reduce the processing time, with high energy efficiency accompanying this method. As part of the experiments, the yield of pyrolysis products was analyzed. During the microwave destruction of peat, a high gas output (up to 27%) was obtained, which allows for a further increase in the efficiency of this processing method when burning these gases. The conducted elemental analysis showed an increase in the percentage of carbon from about 50% to 78% after microwave processing, which can become a raw material for obtaining effective environmentally friendly sorbents. The prospects for creating industrial microwave complexes for processing organic materials are discussed.

A semiquantitative technique for imaging of high-power millimeter wave (MMW) beam using visible light from the plasma of an MMW-induced gas breakdown, which was initiated by a metal-dielectric (MD) screen, is discussed. The design of the gas breakdown sensor for imaging of the wave beam is presented. A plane MD screen was placed in a shallow airtight chamber with a transparent window of a thin mylar film. The chamber was filled with gas at a near atmospheric pressure. An MMW-induced breakdown in air, nitrogen, helium, and krypton, initiated by an MD screen, has been experimentally studied. In the experiments, a high-power 250-GHz pulsed gyrotron served as the source of MMWs. In a chamber filled with noble gases, bulk plasma was formed at an MMW intensity above the gas breakdown threshold. A single-pulse wave beam was imaged using a profile of the flux density of light from the breakdown plasma in helium and krypton. It was shown that using the presented technique, one can determine the position of the intensity maxima and the beam profile of an MMW beam in the range from one to two threshold intensities of an MMW-induced gas breakdown initiated by an MD screen.

The wave beam of a sub-terahertz (THz) gyrotron with a pulsed magnetic field was imaged in a single pulse using a microwave-induced gas breakdown initiated by a metal–dielectric (MD) screen. Images of sub-THz beams, which were recorded at the output of a quasi-optical mode converter, were compared with data obtained by numerical simulation of propagation and transformation of the wave beam from the gyrotron. The analysis of the waveguide mode content in the gyrotron was done. Based on experimental and simulation data, it was shown that the distortion of the sub-THz wave beam is caused by the deformation of the Teflon window at the gyrotron output. Based on the results of the study, the gyrotron was modified, and the quality of its wave beam was improved.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЧИСТОТЫ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ РАСТВОРИТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ МИКРОЭКСТРАКЦИОННОГО КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАНИЯ ПРИМЕСЕЙ