Background/Objectives: The prevalence of myopia is increasing globally, including in Spain. The early detection of ocular biometric parameters associated with myopia development is crucial for implementing control strategies. This study aims to describe the normative biometric values in a Spanish school-aged population and compare them with previously established reference data. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study was conducted on 558 students aged 6 to 12 years from the Educare Valdefuentes School in Madrid. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature (CR), anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens thickness (LT), corneal thickness (CCT), and posterior vitreous depth (PVD), were measured using IOLMaster 700. The axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio was calculated. Percentile growth curves were generated, and the results were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 29. Results: AL significantly increased with age (p < 0.001), and boys had longer AL than girls. The AL/CR ratio showed a moderate correlation with myopia risk (ρ = 0.647, p < 0.001). Compared to previous European studies, no significant differences were found, except for minor variations in AL and CR. Conclusions: These percentile-based biometric values provide a useful reference for monitoring ocular growth and assessing myopia risk in Spanish children. The AL/CR ratio remains a strong predictor of myopia development, supporting its role in early detection strategies.

To evaluate the ability of the preferential hyperacuity perimeter (PHP) and the Amsler grid to detect central scotomas in Stargardt's disease and age macular degeneration. Prospective, comparative, cross-section study in which 16 patients affected with AMD and Stargardt's disease were evaluated. All patients had an optometric evaluation including refraction, best corrected visual acuity, evaluation with PHP Foresee and with the Amsler grid. The sensitivity of the macular evaluation tests (The Amsler grid and PHP) for each maculopathy was calculated. To detect scotomas in both macular pathologies, the PHP sensitivity is 60–70 %, while the Amsler grid sensitivity is 85–100 %. As screening methods for maculopathies, the PHP sensitivity is 83 %, while the Amsler grid sensitivity is 93 %. The Amsler grid and the PHP are both useful to detect scotomas in Stargardt's disease and AMD. As a disease screening method, the Amsler grid is useful in both conditions; however, the PHP is only useful in AMD, not in Stargardt's.

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often disrupts binocular vision, causing deviations on the cover test and reduced stereopsis that impair functional visual performance. This study investigated the effects of a dichoptic vision therapy protocol—based on an immersive virtual reality (VR) system—on visual field parameters, oculomotor reaction times, and self-reported visual symptoms in adults with ABI. Methods: In a controlled parallel-group design, adult ABI patients (median age 51 years) were assigned to an experimental group (dichoptic VR therapy) or a control group. Six sessions of visual therapy were performed. Primary outcomes included perimetric visual field indices and oculomotor reaction times; the secondary outcome was the Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey (BIVSS) score. Etiology (stroke vs. traumatic brain injury) was recorded. Results: No statistically significant improvements were found in perimetric visual field indices (p > 0.05), except for a slight gain in the top-right quadrant in the experimental group. Reaction times did not differ significantly between groups. However, the experimental group reported a greater reduction in visual symptoms as measured by the BIVSS. Patients with traumatic brain injury exhibited better functional improvement, particularly in the top-left quadrant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Dichoptic VR-based therapy did not restore perimetric field losses in ABI patients but reduced visual symptoms and may enhance functional adaptation of residual vision rather than structural recovery. The therapeutic response varied by etiology, favoring traumatic brain injury. Larger, longer trials integrating objective and subjective measures, including neuroimaging, are warranted.

Background: Eye-tracking technology enables the objective quantification of oculomotor behavior, providing key insights into visuocognitive performance. This study presents a comparative analysis of visual attention patterns between rhythmic gymnasts and school-aged students using an optical eye-tracking system combined with machine learning algorithms. Methods: Eye movement data were recorded during controlled visual tasks using the DIVE system (sampling rate: 120 Hz). Spatiotemporal metrics—including fixation duration, saccadic amplitude, and gaze entropy—were extracted and used as input features for supervised models: Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Decision Tree (CART), Random Forest, XGBoost, and a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN). Data were divided according to a hold-out scheme (70/30) and evaluated using accuracy, F1-macro score, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: XGBoost achieved the best performance (accuracy = 94.6%; F1-macro = 0.945), followed by Random Forest (accuracy = 94.0%; F1-macro = 0.937). The neural network showed intermediate performance (accuracy = 89.3%; F1-macro = 0.888), whereas SVM and k-NN exhibited lower values. Gymnasts demonstrated more stable and goal-directed gaze patterns than students, reflecting greater efficiency in visuomotor control. Conclusions: Integrating eye-tracking with artificial intelligence provides a robust framework for the quantitative assessment of visuocognitive performance. Ensemble algorithms demonstrated high discriminative power, while neural networks require further optimization. This approach shows promising applications in sports science, cognitive diagnostics, and the development of adaptive human–machine interfaces.

Augmented reality (AR) technologies can improve the quality of life of individuals with visual impairments. The current study evaluated the efficacy of Retiplus, a new AR-based low-vision device, which was designed to enhance spatial awareness and visual function in patients with peripheral visual field loss. Thirteen patients diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) participated in this study. The patients’ visual acuity, visual field, and subjective perception of peripheral vision and mobility were assessed both without and with the AR aid, following a training period consisting of five 1 h sessions. The results showed a significant expansion of the visual field (VF) in all four quadrants (right, left, upper, and lower) with a greater horizontal diameter enlargement (21.38° ± 12.94°) than vertical (15° ± 10.08°), with a statistically significant difference. However, the increase in VF was accompanied by a modest reduction in visual acuity due to the minification of the image on the display. Patient feedback also highlighted significant benefits on the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) in low-light environments and improved spatial orientation, suggesting that the AR system is helpful for some limitations imposed by patients’ conditions. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing AR technology to support visually impaired populations.