The rapid progress in the use of textile fabric materials in various industrial and domestic applications requires the inclusion of smart functions to achieve comfortable and safety properties to the end users. However, among these functions is the protection against harmful UV rays that cause harmful effects to human beings and textile materials. To this end, coatings for smart textile fabrics have to be incorporated into textile fabrics. Therefore, in this review, recent advances in the development of coatings for sustainable textile fabrics for UV protection will be reviewed. Hence, the precursors, the synthesis routes and the types of coatings for sustainable textile fabrics will be reviewed. Furthermore, the UV protection action of the coatings for the protection of textile fabrics will be covered and studied. Interestingly, the multifunctional effect of the treated coatings, such as the antibacterial properties of the developed textile fabrics, will be also studied.

In this work, the exploitation of the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles and MgO-bentonite nanocomposite as an effective photocatalyst has been reported. They were utilized to study their applicability for the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet in wastewater. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used for characterization. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized photocatalysts for CV decomposition has been optimized in terms of several factors such as pH, contact time, the dose of the catalyst, and the dye concentration. The maximum degradation efficiency of CV was found to be 99.19% at the optimum state of pH value of 7, using 0.2 g of MgO NPs, while in the case of MgO-bentonite nanocomposite, the maximum degradation efficiency was decreased to 83.38%. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism was investigated using the scavenging reaction process, revealing that holes were majorly responsible for the degradation of CV. The kinetic data were suitable and best fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

Herein, bentonite-chitosan nanocomposite (BT-CS nanocomposite) has been synthesized and exploited, for the first time, as a dual adsorbent for the removal of both of an anionic (Reactive Red 195 (RR)) and a cationic (Crystal Violet (CV)) dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior of the exploited nano-adsorbent towards the dyes under investigation were scrutinized in batch experiments as a function of several factors such as contact time, pH value, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, stirring rate, and temperature. The prepared nano-adsorbent achieved superior removal efficiency of 99.4 and 99.8% within 20 min at optimum pH value of 3 and 5 using adsorbent dose of 0.1 g and 0.08 g at room temperature for RR and CV dyes, respectively. Also, the developed nano-adsorbent affords higher removal efficiency of CV dye against broad pH range of 2–9. Moreover, the developed nano-adsorbent achieved significant antibacterial behavior against various pathogenic bacterial and record clear inhibition zone of 21 mm against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-second order adsorption can fully depict the BT-CS nanocomposite adsorption properties for both of RR and CV dyes. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic with increased in randomness. The prepared dual adsorbent in this study exhibited reversible dyes adsorption with an excellent regeneration efficiency. Whereas, after 5 successive adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent was 99% and 98% for RR and CV dyes, respectively, affirming its capability to economically decontaminate the industrial wastewater comprising RR and CV dyes. Graphical Abstract

In order to meet the technical requirements, it is necessary to infuse new functions into textile fabrics due to the rapid advancement in the exploitation of textile-based materials in various industrial applications

A novel and environmentally friendly route was developed for production of sustainable flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective nanoparticles for polymeric films nanocomposites. For the first time, dried molokhia leaves were engineered into spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 8.5 nm via an eco-friendly, one-pot solid-state ball-milling method. The engineered nanoparticles were proved using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sustainable nanoparticles were employed as an efficient and green flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective materials for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films. The distinct compatibility between PVA chains and spherical nanoparticles afford excellent homogeneous dispersion of each nanoparticle in the polymer matrix. Compared to blank PVA film which burned at a rate of 125 mm/min, the novel nanoparticles achieved significant flame retardancy for polymer nanocomposites films recording zero rate of burning. Their outstanding charring ability and naturally doped elemental composition were attributed to their higher flame retardancy achieved. Moreover, the newly developed multifunctional nanoparticles integrated outstanding UV protection feature to developed polymer nanocomposite films recording UV protection factor superiority of more than 900% compared to nanoparticle free film. Noteworthy to note that, the nanoparticles afford excellent inhibition to bacterial growth against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus over the surface of developed polymer nanocomposite films achieving clear inhibition zone of 9 and 7.6 mm compared to zero mm for pristine polymer film, respectively. In addition, a proposed and clarified flame retardancy mechanism was presented. Additionally, an assessment was conducted regarding the economic feasibility of producing sustainable multifunctional nanoparticles on an industrial scale.