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Prof. Dr. Eric Ng
School of Management and Enterprise, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia

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0 environmental Behaviour
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Journal article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Sustainability
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This exploratory study aims to fill the gap by adopting Hirose’s two-phase decision-making model with the theory of social networks to explore the environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intentions toward pro-environmental behaviors of the citizen scientists who participated in the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. The Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project is a systematic citizen science project founded in 2003 with the aim to identify existing and potential irrigation ponds that are important to creating waterbird refuges to secure habitats for wintering waterbirds in anthropogenically influenced areas. The participation in this project itself can be considered as a form of pro-environmental behavior. A total of 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. Qualitative data showed that participants mentioned six variables (i.e., perceived seriousness, ascription of responsibility, belief in the effectiveness, feasibility evaluation, cost–benefit evaluation, and social norms evaluation) of the two-phase decision-making model in relation to environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Findings also revealed three key variables (i.e., social networks, learning and growth, and belonging and contribution) in the theory of social networks that are associated with environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Based on the findings, it is proposed that the social needs variables are incorporated as an extension to the two-phase decision-making model to offer a more comprehensive explanation of pro-environmental behavior.

ACS Style

Shan-Hui Chao; Jin-Zhang Jiang; Kuan-Chu Wei; Eric Ng; Chia-Hsuan Hsu; Yi-Te Chiang; Wei-Ta Fang. Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior of Citizen Science: An Exploratory Study of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5126 .

AMA Style

Shan-Hui Chao, Jin-Zhang Jiang, Kuan-Chu Wei, Eric Ng, Chia-Hsuan Hsu, Yi-Te Chiang, Wei-Ta Fang. Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior of Citizen Science: An Exploratory Study of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shan-Hui Chao; Jin-Zhang Jiang; Kuan-Chu Wei; Eric Ng; Chia-Hsuan Hsu; Yi-Te Chiang; Wei-Ta Fang. 2021. "Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior of Citizen Science: An Exploratory Study of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5126.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Sustainability
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With the occurrence of rapid global economic growth concerns about waste and its related effects on the environment are on the rise. There has been an increasing focus towards sustainable development and waste recycling as part of environmental sustainability strategies, and the encouraging of recycling behavior has received considerable attention from various environmental stakeholders. While numerous studies have used grounded theories such as the theory of planned behaviors and the norm activation model to examine environmental behaviors, a lack of consideration of other important variables in these studies has been revealed. This study aimed to address this gap by adopting the comprehensive action determination model, which comprises a wider group of influencing variables related to norms, intentions, situations, and habits. This model was tested using structural equation modelling with a sample of 386 valid questionnaires collected from Taipei City residents in the domain of recycling behaviors. Results indicated that awareness had a positive influence on personal norms towards recycling behaviors; social norms had a positive influence on personal norms towards recycling behaviors; attitudes had a positive influence on recycling intentions; social norms had a positive influence on recycling intentions; personal norms had a positive influence on recycling intentions; perceived behavior control had a positive influence on recycling intentions; recycling intentions had a positive influence on recycling behavior; and recycling habits had a positive influence on recycling behavior. However, findings did not support the positive impact of perceived behavioral control on recycling behavior.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Mei-Hsuan Huang; Bai-You Cheng; Rong-Jeo Chiu; Yi-Te Chiang; Chun-Wei Hsu; Eric Ng. Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model to Examine the Recycling Behavior of Taipei City Residents. Sustainability 2021, 13, 490 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Mei-Hsuan Huang, Bai-You Cheng, Rong-Jeo Chiu, Yi-Te Chiang, Chun-Wei Hsu, Eric Ng. Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model to Examine the Recycling Behavior of Taipei City Residents. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Mei-Hsuan Huang; Bai-You Cheng; Rong-Jeo Chiu; Yi-Te Chiang; Chun-Wei Hsu; Eric Ng. 2021. "Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model to Examine the Recycling Behavior of Taipei City Residents." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 490.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The objective of the research was to explore and compare the differences in potential creative thinking that media richness had on learners in creativity training through two different types of communication formats; computer-mediated communication, and face-to-face communication. The results indicated that the computer-mediated communication format performed better than the face-to-face in terms of the fluency, flexibility, and originality dimensions of creative thinking. The computer-mediated communication format also had a greater level of media richness perception (i.e., use of multiple cues, language diversity, and personal focus of the medium) than the face-to-face format. In terms of the combined effectiveness of computer-mediated communication, and face-to-face formats, the use of multiple cues, language variety of perception of media richness had direct effects on the fluency of creativity. There was also a positive correlation between the elaboration of creativity and the use of multiple cues, language variety, and personal focus of the medium in the perception of media richness. Furthermore, language variety was correlated with creativity and flexibility. The research findings highlighted the importance of the availability of immediate feedback on media richness, whereas creativity cognition should focus on the breadth and depth of the information, which contributes to enhancing the creativity of individuals or a group of employees.

ACS Style

Shan-Hui Chao; Jinzhang Jiang; Chia-Hsuan Hsu; Yi-Te Chiang; Eric Ng; Wei-Ta Fang. Technology-Enhanced Learning for Graduate Students: Exploring the Correlation of Media Richness and Creativity of Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1602 .

AMA Style

Shan-Hui Chao, Jinzhang Jiang, Chia-Hsuan Hsu, Yi-Te Chiang, Eric Ng, Wei-Ta Fang. Technology-Enhanced Learning for Graduate Students: Exploring the Correlation of Media Richness and Creativity of Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (5):1602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shan-Hui Chao; Jinzhang Jiang; Chia-Hsuan Hsu; Yi-Te Chiang; Eric Ng; Wei-Ta Fang. 2020. "Technology-Enhanced Learning for Graduate Students: Exploring the Correlation of Media Richness and Creativity of Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1602.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2019 in Sustainability
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An understanding of the environmental value-action gap between public servants at the central and local governments is essential for the effective implementation of environmental policies, which is limited in the extant literature. This study has adopted the norm activation model to explore the pro-environmental behaviors of public servants at the central and local governments in Taiwan. A total of 7567 valid questionnaires were collected, and significant differences were evident between public servants at the central (n = 3400) and local (n = 4167) governments in personal norms, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and pro-environmental behaviors. Findings revealed that personal norms were the key factors predicting pro-environmental behaviors of public servants at both the central and local governments. Results also indicated that the awareness of consequences by public servants at the central government had a direct effect on their pro-environmental behaviors, which in turn had a significant effect on their ascription of responsibility. In contrast, awareness of consequences by public servants at the local government had no significant direct effect on their pro-environmental behaviors and had only a weak positive effect on their ascription of responsibility.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Yi-Te Chiang; Eric Ng; Jen-Chieh Lo. Using the Norm Activation Model to Predict the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Public Servants at the Central and Local Governments in Taiwan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3712 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Yi-Te Chiang, Eric Ng, Jen-Chieh Lo. Using the Norm Activation Model to Predict the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Public Servants at the Central and Local Governments in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3712.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Yi-Te Chiang; Eric Ng; Jen-Chieh Lo. 2019. "Using the Norm Activation Model to Predict the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Public Servants at the Central and Local Governments in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3712.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in Sustainability
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Locus of control is a crucial factor in pro-environmental behavior. However, studies on pro-environmental behavior investigating the predisposing factors of internal locus of control are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study further explored the predisposing factors of locus of control and revealed that emotional stability may be a predisposing factor for internal locus of control and pro-environmental behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Taiwan (n = 473) and the responses were explored using structural equation modeling path analysis. The results revealed that emotional stability can promote pro-environmental behavior through the mediation effect of internal locus of control, indicating that emotional stability is a predisposing factor for locus of control-generated pro-environmental behavior. Thus, the study results indicated that people with higher emotional stability and a stronger internal locus of control are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Hence, to promote pro-environmental behavior through environmental protection education, people’s self-control awareness must be strengthened to enable them to remain calm and peaceful.

ACS Style

Yi-Te Chiang; Wei-Ta Fang; Ulas Kaplan; Eric Ng. Locus of Control: The Mediation Effect between Emotional Stability and Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability 2019, 11, 820 .

AMA Style

Yi-Te Chiang, Wei-Ta Fang, Ulas Kaplan, Eric Ng. Locus of Control: The Mediation Effect between Emotional Stability and Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi-Te Chiang; Wei-Ta Fang; Ulas Kaplan; Eric Ng. 2019. "Locus of Control: The Mediation Effect between Emotional Stability and Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 820.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Smog and air pollution have fast become significant environmental problems and are attributed to rapid global industrialization and urbanization. Emissions of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) increase smog and air pollution, with strong impacts on human health. Children are particularly vulnerable. While increasing studies are being conducted on the behaviors leading to PM2.5 toxicity from the perspective of environmental toxicants, there is a lack of research on factors influencing anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. Thus, this study aims to narrow this gap by adapting the theory of planned behavior framework to investigate the effects of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on protective behavioral intentions against PM2.5. In total, 1277 online questionnaires were collected from parents of young children living in urban and rural areas of Beijing, and the data was analyzed using correlation, regression, and path analyses. Results revealed that there were significant differences between parents from urban and rural areas in terms of attitude (t = 4.727 > 1.96, p < 0.001), subjective norms (t = 5.529 > 1.96, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (t = 6.155 > 1.96, p < 0.001), and anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions (t = 6.838 > 1.96, p < 0.001). Path analysis revealed that parents from urban and rural areas had different behavioral intention paths. For urban parents, the findings indicated that subjective norms (β = 0.73, t = 21.84 > 3.29) and perceived behavioral control (γ = 0.22, t = 6.12 > 3.29) had direct impacts on anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. In contrast, the attitudes (γ = 0.39, t = 3.74 > 3.29) and subjective norms (β = 0.60, t = 8.55 > 3.29) of rural parents were found to directly influence anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions.

ACS Style

Shumei Liu; Yi-Te Chiang; Chie-Chien Tseng; Eric Ng; Gwo-Liang Yeh; Wei-Ta Fang. The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2215 .

AMA Style

Shumei Liu, Yi-Te Chiang, Chie-Chien Tseng, Eric Ng, Gwo-Liang Yeh, Wei-Ta Fang. The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shumei Liu; Yi-Te Chiang; Chie-Chien Tseng; Eric Ng; Gwo-Liang Yeh; Wei-Ta Fang. 2018. "The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2215.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2018 in Impact
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The conservation and restoration of wetland ecosystems is vital, and it is crucial that people are educated about this pressing issue. A research group, led by Professor Wei-Ta Fang of the National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), has identified that insufficient attention has been paid to the environmental and social consequences of the loss of biodiversity. In response, Fang and his collaborators are working to change the status quo. Fang is currently leading a project called Wetlands Management Research, working with collaborator Professor Eric Ng of the University of Southern Queensland, Australia. Through the project, the team is comparing cultural differences between eastern and western approaches to environmental education, and exploring how these differences impact wetlands management. Fang's current work is funded by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China (Taiwan) and also subsidised by the NTNU. 'This funding may help us to lead a pioneering study on natural science and social science on environmental education, outreach and communication,' he enthuses. To date, Fang's team have completed a large number of research projects, including: 'Modeling driving forces of avian diversity in a spatial configuration surrounded by farm ponds', 'Low Carbon Footprint Routes for Bird Watching', 'Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, and Social Norms: People Reduce Waste as an Index of Social Relationships When Spending Leisure Time', 'Physical Outdoor Activity versus Indoor Activity: Their Influence on Environmental Behaviors' and 'Atayal's identification of sustainability: traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous science of a hunting culture'. While diverse in nature, all of these projects are united by their shared goals of achieving sustainability. In the current project, Fang is working with Ng to study pro-environmental behaviours from social norms and personality, and also collaborating with Kaplan to explore the morality, emotion, personality and motivations from their pro-environmental decisions. The researchers have encountered challenges in the form of the environmental psychology surrounding self-report questionnaires enforced in many countries, as some theories from western psychology might not necessarily apply to eastern societies, and vice versa. However, Fang believes he has found an innovative solution to this: 'By figuring out the human ecological differences between eastern and western cultures, I may be able to detect the mental differences to find the delicate issues ignored from current researches,' he expands. 'Therefore, my research may be quite pioneering and go beyond that of traditional researchers.' Looking ahead, Taiwan EPA and localities are donating more than US $25 million to environmental education funds aimed at promoting environmental education and outreach for more outdoor events in 2018, which should ultimately assist in the drive to achieve sustainability ]

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Ulas Kaplan. Development and Investigation of Social Norm Applied to Environmental Literacy Scale. Impact 2018, 2018, 23 -25.

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Eric Ng, Ulas Kaplan. Development and Investigation of Social Norm Applied to Environmental Literacy Scale. Impact. 2018; 2018 (6):23-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Ulas Kaplan. 2018. "Development and Investigation of Social Norm Applied to Environmental Literacy Scale." Impact 2018, no. 6: 23-25.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2018 in Sustainability
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The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of farmers’ pro-environmental behaviors in Taiwan. A total of 526 valid questionnaires were received from a randomly stratified sample of young (below 40 years old) and older (above 40 years old) farmers located in Central Taiwan. The findings revealed that young farmers’ pro-environmental behaviors were directly affected by personal norms, and also indirectly from personal and social norms through perceived behavioral control. In contrast, older farmers’ pro-environmental behaviors were directly affected by social norms, whereas personal norms also had an indirect impact via perceived behavioral control. Results from this study could contribute towards the development of appropriate strategies for the two age groups of farmers who respond to the different determinants of their pro-environmental behaviors.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Yong-Shen Zhan. Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behavior among Young and Older Farmers in Taiwan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2186 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Eric Ng, Yong-Shen Zhan. Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behavior among Young and Older Farmers in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Yong-Shen Zhan. 2018. "Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behavior among Young and Older Farmers in Taiwan." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2186.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2018 in Sustainability
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This study aims to gain further insights to Chinese and Taiwanese university students’ environmental literacy on ecotourism. A structural equation model is developed and validated in an effort to explore the differences between Chinese and Taiwanese university students in terms of their environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, and behavioral intentions. The results showed that the ecotourism perception of Chinese and Taiwanese university students affect their behavioral intentions. Chinese university students exhibited a higher correlation between ecotourism knowledge and behavioral intentions than their Taiwanese counterparts. The findings also revealed differences between the Chinese and Taiwanese students in their perception of ecotourism, and this disparity was particularly evident with regards to how ecotourism should be governed. A moderate difference in ecotourism behavioral intentions was also identified, in which Taiwanese university students were less likely to engage in self-empowerment or private empowerment, to be more educated in the field of ecotourism than their Chinese counterparts.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Ching-Yu Lien; Yueh-Wen Huang; Guosheng Han; Guey-Shin Shyu; Jui-Yu Chou; Eric Ng. Environmental Literacy on Ecotourism: A Study on Student Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavioral Intentions in China and Taiwan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1886 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Ching-Yu Lien, Yueh-Wen Huang, Guosheng Han, Guey-Shin Shyu, Jui-Yu Chou, Eric Ng. Environmental Literacy on Ecotourism: A Study on Student Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavioral Intentions in China and Taiwan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1886.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Ching-Yu Lien; Yueh-Wen Huang; Guosheng Han; Guey-Shin Shyu; Jui-Yu Chou; Eric Ng. 2018. "Environmental Literacy on Ecotourism: A Study on Student Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavioral Intentions in China and Taiwan." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1886.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2018 in Sustainability
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The aim of this nationwide survey was to assess undergraduate students’ environmental literacy level in Taiwan. A total of 29,498 valid responses were received from a number of selected colleges and universities in Taiwan, using stratified random sampling method. A total of 70 items were used to assess the environmental literacy and the results revealed that undergraduate students had a relatively low level of environmental knowledge and behavior, while a moderate level of environmental attitudes was attained. The findings also indicated no significant correlations between knowledge and attitudes or between knowledge and behavior. However, a higher level of environmental knowledge correlated significantly with a higher degree of pro-environmental behavior, and a higher level of environmental knowledge correlated with stronger attitudes. The results also suggested that females outperformed the males in all categories. Results from this study could contribute towards further relevant policy discussion and decision-making, curriculum design and development to the improvement of environmental education in the higher education sector.

ACS Style

Shih-Wu Liang; Wei-Ta Fang; Shin-Cheng Yeh; Shiang-Yao Liu; Huei-Min Tsai; Jui-Yu Chou; Eric Ng. A Nationwide Survey Evaluating the Environmental Literacy of Undergraduate Students in Taiwan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1730 .

AMA Style

Shih-Wu Liang, Wei-Ta Fang, Shin-Cheng Yeh, Shiang-Yao Liu, Huei-Min Tsai, Jui-Yu Chou, Eric Ng. A Nationwide Survey Evaluating the Environmental Literacy of Undergraduate Students in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1730.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shih-Wu Liang; Wei-Ta Fang; Shin-Cheng Yeh; Shiang-Yao Liu; Huei-Min Tsai; Jui-Yu Chou; Eric Ng. 2018. "A Nationwide Survey Evaluating the Environmental Literacy of Undergraduate Students in Taiwan." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1730.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2017 in Sustainability
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This study seeks to identify a set of key indicators along with weightings for tourist attractions in Taiwan, and develop a quality management self-evaluation mechanism for tourism businesses, using an advanced integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi (AHP-Delphi) approach derived from the supply side perspective. This research study comprises two phases: (1) Delphi method analysis that involves 17 experts, providing confirmation about the evaluation criteria; and (2) Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method which aims to allocate weightings to the evaluation criteria from the experts. Findings from the Delphi method analysis revealed the acceptance of two dimensions, six sub-dimensions and 17 indicators as key evaluation criteria. The AHP method analysis indicated that the most significant dimension was managing quality, with tourism services and public sector facilities being the most important sub-dimension and indicator respectively. The self-evaluation mechanism proposed in this planning perspectives can assist tourism businesses and national/regional Destination Management Organization to identify quality management problems and possible ways of enhancing quality tourism, so that tourism experience, and tourist’s satisfaction can be further improved effectively between the conflicting views by career professionals.

ACS Style

Luan Chen; Eric Ng; Shyh-Chang Huang; Wei-Ta Fang. A Self-Evaluation System of Quality Planning for Tourist Attractions in Taiwan: An Integrated AHP-Delphi Approach from Career Professionals. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1751 .

AMA Style

Luan Chen, Eric Ng, Shyh-Chang Huang, Wei-Ta Fang. A Self-Evaluation System of Quality Planning for Tourist Attractions in Taiwan: An Integrated AHP-Delphi Approach from Career Professionals. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luan Chen; Eric Ng; Shyh-Chang Huang; Wei-Ta Fang. 2017. "A Self-Evaluation System of Quality Planning for Tourist Attractions in Taiwan: An Integrated AHP-Delphi Approach from Career Professionals." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1751.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2017 in Sustainability
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This study has adopted and refined Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action, and the value–belief–norm theory by Stern et al. to investigate the effects of normative beliefs, attitudes, and social norms on pro-environmental behavioral intentions. A total of 391 valid responses were collected from visitors to a theme park in Taiwan. A structure equation analysis indicated that the overall fit of the proposed model was supported. It was also found that both attitudes and social norms had positive and significant influence on waste reduction. While the results did not reveal any direct relation between normative beliefs and behavioral intentions, normative beliefs had positive direct influence on social norms and attitudes, which in turn had an impact on behavioral intentions. The findings provided further insights about pro-environmental behavioral intentions from an Asia perspective and highlighted important implications for environmental policies and education to reduce waste.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Ching-Ming Wang; Ming-Lin Hsu. Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, and Social Norms: People Reduce Waste as an Index of Social Relationships When Spending Leisure Time. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1696 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Eric Ng, Ching-Ming Wang, Ming-Lin Hsu. Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, and Social Norms: People Reduce Waste as an Index of Social Relationships When Spending Leisure Time. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1696.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Ching-Ming Wang; Ming-Lin Hsu. 2017. "Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, and Social Norms: People Reduce Waste as an Index of Social Relationships When Spending Leisure Time." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1696.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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There are strong evidences linking physical outdoor activity and health benefits; however, little is known about the impact on environmental behaviors. Thus, this study aims to close this gap by investigating the influence of physical outdoor activity on environmental behaviors. A total of 416 surveys were distributed to students in eight public primary schools located near the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan. Findings from the analysis revealed that subjective norms had a more influential effect on environmental behaviors for participants who engaged in physical activity at outdoor parks. In contrast, descriptive norms had a direct predictive impact on environmental behaviors for participants whose main physical activity venue was at the indoor after-school centers. Research results also highlighted attitude as the strongest predictive variable influence on environmental behaviors for children who engaged in physical indoor and outdoor activities.

ACS Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Mei-Chuan Chang. Physical Outdoor Activity versus Indoor Activity: Their Influence on Environmental Behaviors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 797 .

AMA Style

Wei-Ta Fang, Eric Ng, Mei-Chuan Chang. Physical Outdoor Activity versus Indoor Activity: Their Influence on Environmental Behaviors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):797.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Ta Fang; Eric Ng; Mei-Chuan Chang. 2017. "Physical Outdoor Activity versus Indoor Activity: Their Influence on Environmental Behaviors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 797.

Original articles
Published: 02 April 2016 in Journal of Relationship Marketing
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This article seeks to explore the impact of commitment and trust on internal marketing effectiveness within the hospital industry. The study was exploratory in nature and was conducted using the case study methodology. It involved 10 cases in the hospital industry, and a total of 20 interviews were conducted. Results revealed that both commitment and trust played a moderating role in five of the key tasks (i.e., training, motivation, company vision/goals, co-optation, and communication) of effective internal marketing.

ACS Style

Eric Ng; Wei-Ta Fang; Ching-Yu Lien. An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Commitment and Trust on Internal Marketing. Journal of Relationship Marketing 2016, 15, 35 -53.

AMA Style

Eric Ng, Wei-Ta Fang, Ching-Yu Lien. An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Commitment and Trust on Internal Marketing. Journal of Relationship Marketing. 2016; 15 (1-2):35-53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Ng; Wei-Ta Fang; Ching-Yu Lien. 2016. "An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Commitment and Trust on Internal Marketing." Journal of Relationship Marketing 15, no. 1-2: 35-53.

Chapter
Published: 11 June 2015 in Social Media and Networking
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Service innovations have become an important source for organisations to gain competitive advantage in today's increasingly dynamic, complex, and unpredictable business environment. While the concept of technology as a driving force for service innovations has long been recognised, the recent growing popularity in the use of social media has given rise to many concerns by businesses as there is insufficient knowledge and understanding about the usage of social media in the context of service innovations. This research seeks to investigate the impact of social media and the key challenges that impede businesses from leveraging social media in service innovations within the Australian hotel industry. The research adopts the use of a case study methodology that involves 12 in-depth interviews conducted with 6 businesses in the hotel sector. The findings highlight 4 key themes (i.e. behavioural change, online reputation, customer service channel, and monitoring and responding) in which social media has impacted service innovations and also revealed 9 major challenges (i.e. lack of adequate funding, difficult to determine financial gains, lack of human resources, lack of management support, lack of understanding of social media innovation, resistance to change, lack of proven evidences, lack of technological infrastructure and knowledge, and security concerns) that pose potential barriers for businesses to adopt and leverage the use of social media in service innovations.

ACS Style

Eric Kong; Ching-Yu Lien; Eric Ng. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Social Media and Networking 2015, 978 -993.

AMA Style

Eric Kong, Ching-Yu Lien, Eric Ng. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Social Media and Networking. 2015; ():978-993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Kong; Ching-Yu Lien; Eric Ng. 2015. "Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations." Social Media and Networking , no. : 978-993.

Chapter
Published: 11 November 2014 in Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism
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Service innovations have become an important source for organisations to gain competitive advantage in today's increasingly dynamic, complex, and unpredictable business environment. While the concept of technology as a driving force for service innovations has long been recognised, the recent growing popularity in the use of social media has given rise to many concerns by businesses as there is insufficient knowledge and understanding about the usage of social media in the context of service innovations. This research seeks to investigate the impact of social media and the key challenges that impede businesses from leveraging social media in service innovations within the Australian hotel industry. The research adopts the use of a case study methodology that involves 12 in-depth interviews conducted with 6 businesses in the hotel sector. The findings highlight 4 key themes (i.e. behavioural change, online reputation, customer service channel, and monitoring and responding) in which social media has impacted service innovations and also revealed 9 major challenges (i.e. lack of adequate funding, difficult to determine financial gains, lack of human resources, lack of management support, lack of understanding of social media innovation, resistance to change, lack of proven evidences, lack of technological infrastructure and knowledge, and security concerns) that pose potential barriers for businesses to adopt and leverage the use of social media in service innovations.

ACS Style

Eric Ng; Ching-Yu Lien. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism 2014, 656 -671.

AMA Style

Eric Ng, Ching-Yu Lien. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism. 2014; ():656-671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Ng; Ching-Yu Lien. 2014. "Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations." Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism , no. : 656-671.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2014 in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology
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The purpose of this study was to apply the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to develop a conceptual model of local cultural brand experience, using the local cultural industry of Oriental Beauty tea. Four factors, namely “sense dimension”, “emotion dimension”, “behavior dimension” and “intellectual dimension” and 17 items were developed in the model.

ACS Style

Ching-Yu. Lien; Eric. Ng; Ethan Ng. Conceptual model development of local cultural brand experiences. 2014 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology 2014, 25 -28.

AMA Style

Ching-Yu. Lien, Eric. Ng, Ethan Ng. Conceptual model development of local cultural brand experiences. 2014 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology. 2014; ():25-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ching-Yu. Lien; Eric. Ng; Ethan Ng. 2014. "Conceptual model development of local cultural brand experiences." 2014 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology , no. : 25-28.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2014 in Handbook of Research on Global Enterprise Operations and Opportunities
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Service innovations have become an important source for organisations to gain competitive advantage in today’s increasingly dynamic, complex, and unpredictable business environment. While the concept of technology as a driving force for service innovations has long been recognised, the recent growing popularity in the use of social media has given rise to many concerns by businesses as there is insufficient knowledge and understanding about the usage of social media in the context of service innovations. This research seeks to investigate the impact of social media and the key challenges that impede businesses from leveraging social media in service innovations within the Australian hotel industry. The research adopts the use of a case study methodology that involves 12 in-depth interviews conducted with 6 businesses in the hotel sector. The findings highlight 4 key themes (i.e. behavioural change, online reputation, customer service channel, and monitoring and responding) in which social media has impacted service innovations and also revealed 9 major challenges (i.e. lack of adequate funding, difficult to determine financial gains, lack of human resources, lack of management support, lack of understanding of social media innovation, resistance to change, lack of proven evidences, lack of technological infrastructure and knowledge, and security concerns) that pose potential barriers for businesses to adopt and leverage the use of social media in service innovations.

ACS Style

Eric Ng; Ching-Yu Lien. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Handbook of Research on Global Enterprise Operations and Opportunities 2014, 390 -405.

AMA Style

Eric Ng, Ching-Yu Lien. Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations. Handbook of Research on Global Enterprise Operations and Opportunities. 2014; ():390-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Ng; Ching-Yu Lien. 2014. "Impact of Social Media in Service Innovations." Handbook of Research on Global Enterprise Operations and Opportunities , no. : 390-405.

Articles
Published: 01 October 2013 in Journal of Relationship Marketing
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This article investigates the importance of trust in procurement practices and its impact on business performance from the perspective of the buyer–supplier dyad within Zimbabwe's banking industry. This study was exploratory in nature and adopted the use of a case study methodology. The study involved 22 cases in the banking industry, with a total of 44 interviews being conducted. Findings revealed that 29 dimensions across 7 trust attributes in buyer–supplier procurement practices had an impact on business performance for firms in Zimbabwe's banking industry.

ACS Style

Masimba Phillip Dahwa; Latif Al-Hakim; Eric Ng. The Importance of Trust in Procurement Practices and Its Impact on Business Performance: An Empirical Investigation From the Perspective of the Buyer–Supplier Dyad. Journal of Relationship Marketing 2013, 12, 280 -300.

AMA Style

Masimba Phillip Dahwa, Latif Al-Hakim, Eric Ng. The Importance of Trust in Procurement Practices and Its Impact on Business Performance: An Empirical Investigation From the Perspective of the Buyer–Supplier Dyad. Journal of Relationship Marketing. 2013; 12 (4):280-300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masimba Phillip Dahwa; Latif Al-Hakim; Eric Ng. 2013. "The Importance of Trust in Procurement Practices and Its Impact on Business Performance: An Empirical Investigation From the Perspective of the Buyer–Supplier Dyad." Journal of Relationship Marketing 12, no. 4: 280-300.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies
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ACS Style

Eric Ng. MAKING STRATEGIC DECISIONS ON B2B E-COMMERCE MODELS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON AUSTRALIAN AGRIBUSINESSES. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies 2013, 4, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Eric Ng. MAKING STRATEGIC DECISIONS ON B2B E-COMMERCE MODELS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON AUSTRALIAN AGRIBUSINESSES. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies. 2013; 4 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Ng. 2013. "MAKING STRATEGIC DECISIONS ON B2B E-COMMERCE MODELS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON AUSTRALIAN AGRIBUSINESSES." International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies 4, no. 1: 1-20.