Remote areas that are not within the maximum breakeven grid extension distance limit will not be economical or feasible for grid connections to provide electrical power to the community (remote area). An integrated autonomous sustainable energy system is a feasible option. We worked on a novel multi optimization electrical energy assessment/power management system of a microgrid network that adopted combined dispatch, load-following, and cycle-charging strategies (control system) that acted as a power interface module over the hybrid configuration of energy sources (grid network/downdraft biomass generator/solar photovoltaic), thermal load controller-boiler systems, and hybrid energy-storage technologies (lithium, iron flow, sodium sulfur, and flywheel) to enable the microgrid network to operate in the island (off grid), grid, and island-able (ability to isolate itself when it is connected to the grid network) modes efficiently and effectively. An optimal multitask control algorithm and the storage units of modeled power generation sources were executed with the HOMER software application to improve the energy system’s efficiency, promote effective storage management, minimize energy loss, and improve the lifespan of the microgrid network. The integrated energy system can work for both rural and urban areas.

Alternative power generators form the basis for reliability, affordability, and sustainability in accessing rural and urban communities from developing or developed countries (with minimized emission of gases) in connection and isolation from the utility grid system have obviously illustrated important roles in power system. Econometrics and energy assessment of a hybrid renewable energy-power reserve network were analyzed with grid connection in Ko-Kut Island (Thailand) from this paper. Hybrid sources (solar photovoltaic energy, utility grid, biomass resources fueling biogas energy system, wind energy turbine and high energy flywheel) and a unified power reserve unit (vanadium redox flow: VRXFB, sodium sulphur: NaS, Li+: lithium-ion, ZnBr: zinc bromide flow batteries) were designed to effectively manage the energy flow linking the unified generators and the needed energy from the island. A combined dispatch energy controller was used as an interactive controller system across the generators, batteries, and load to enhance the unified energy system’s flexible operation into four different configurations in order to investigate their energy cost, net present service cost, energy sales/energy purchases from the utility grid, and estimated operational cost performances, respectively. In addition, an optimized power management control algorithm was designed with microgrid power analysis software (HOMER) to determine the most economic and efficient generating system architecture. It was observed from the optimization result that the architecture of VRXFB energy system had the least energy tariff ( ${\$}$ 0.1013/kWh), net current ( ${\$}$ 2,502,038) and operational ( ${\$}$ 58,830.93) service costs with the highest renewable energy fractional contribution of 75.0 % to the grid network, technically.

This study examined a proposed system integrating waste power plants, a utility grid, and battery technologies to optimize energy operations for the On-nut community in Bangkok. The system was modeled through experimental, mathematical, and schematic approaches to identify the most efficient energy generation and cost management strategies utilizing lithium, flow, and zinc bromide batteries. This was achieved by employing industrial smart grid analysis, closed-loop algorithms, and feedback control systems to manage energy flow econometrics through switching operations, thereby maximizing electric cost efficiency and network service from the integrated system architectures (grid/lithium/biogas, grid/flow/biogas, and grid/zinc bromide/biogas systems). The proposed configuration of the biogas generator/grid/lithium-ion storage network demonstrated the highest technical efficiency in energy purchases, totaling 239,764 kWh, with energy sales to the grid amounting to 1,959,426 kWh and the lowest net energy purchase from the grid at 1,719,661 kWh. Conversely, the biogas generator/grid/zinc bromide storage configuration achieved the most economical network, reflected in an overall current cost of USD 8,647,863.00, an operating cost of USD 143,974.00, an investment return rate of 17.00%, an internal return rate of 20.30%, and a payback period of 4.83 years. The biogas generator/grid/zinc bromide network exhibited the highest performance ratio at 80.55%, surpassing the flow battery at 79.65% and lithium-ion at 78.89% in terms of energetic configurations.