Nanocomposites (NCs) of crosslinked polyaniline (CPA)-coated oxidized carbon nanomaterials (OXCNMs) were fabricated as a very sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor to be utilized in 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCPH) detection. CPA/OXCNMs NCs were prepared by chemical copolymerization of polyaniline with triphenylamine and p-phenylenediamine in the presence of OXCNMs. The CPA/GO-OXSWCNTNCs exhibited a higher affinity for the oxidation of chlorophenols compared to the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), CPA/GCE, and other NCs. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to investigate and assess the electrocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-DCPH on the modified GCE. The compound yielded a well-defined voltammetric response in a Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 5) at 0.54 V (vs. silver chloride electrode). Quantitative determination of 2,4-DCPH was performed by differential pulse voltammetry under optimal conditions in the concentration range of 0.05 to 1.2 nmol L^-1, and a linear calibration graph was obtained. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was found to be 4.2 nmol L^-1. In addition, the results demonstrated that the CPA/GO-OXSWCNTs/GCE sensor exhibited a strong anti-interference ability, reproducibility, and stability. The prepared CPA/GO-OXSWCNTs/GCE sensor was used to rapidly detect 2,4-DCPH with a high degree of sensitivity in fish farm water with proven levels of satisfactory recoveries.

The hybridization between polymers and carbon materials is one of the most recent and crucial study areas which abstracted more concern from scientists in the past few years. Polymers could be classified into two classes according to the source materials synthetic and natural. Synthetic polymeric materials have been applied over a floppy zone of industrial fields including the field of biomedicine. Carbon nanomaterials including (fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) classified as one of the most significant sources of hybrid materials. Nanocarbons are improving significantly mechanical properties of polymers in nanocomposites in addition to physical and chemical properties of the new materials. In all varieties of proposed bio-nanocomposites, a considerable improvement in the microbiological performance of the materials has been explored. Various polymeric materials and carbon-course nanofillers were present, along with antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer products. This review spots the light on the types of synthetic polymers-based carbon materials and presented state-of-art examples on their application in the area of biomedicine.

The present study involved the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites (NCs) consisting of MgFe₂O₄‐chitosan‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (MgF‐Cs‐Ze), NiFe₂O₄‐chitosan‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (NiF‐Cs‐Ze), and MgFe₂O₄@ NiFe₂O₄‐chitosan‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (MgF@NiF‐Cs‐Ze). These NCs were investigated for their potential application as effective adsorbents in various environmental contexts. In order to investigate the composition and physical properties of the NCs, XRD, FT‐IR, SEM‐EDX, and TEM techniques were utilized. The present study is aimed at evaluating acid red (AR) dye adsorption behavior from aqueous solutions onto MgF‐CS‐Ze and NiF‐CS‐Ze NCs under different experimental circumstances. The study revealed that the NCs MgF‐CS‐Ze and NiF‐CS‐Ze exhibited maximum capacity for adsorption of 55.55 mg g^-1 and 41.66 mg g^-1, respectively, in that regard when tested with AR dye. These findings underscore the significant adsorption capabilities of these NCs. Examining the adsorption kinetics revealed that AR dye adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Resulting from thermodynamic studies, it was discovered that the adsorption of AR dye onto MgF‐CS‐Ze and NiF‐CS‐Ze NC process was an exothermic and spontaneous.