Sustainability is one of the fastest-growing research areas globally. Irrespective of industry and economic activity, it is the need of the day. This study examines the impact of green process innovation and green production on sustainability in Pakistan and India’s cement and plastic manufacturing industries. The study also addresses the moderating role of environmental awareness, which increases the effect of green productivity and green innovation towards sustainability. The research is based on a quantitative approach to addressing the issue in question. Primary data were collected via a closed-ended questionnaire from 657 employees of Pakistan and India’s plastic and cement manufacturing industries, and were analyzed via partial least square structural equation modeling via SmartPLS. The findings show that green productivity and green process innovation have a significant impact on sustainability, while environmental awareness also plays a significant role in sustainable practices in the cement and plastic manufacturing industries of Pakistan and India. The results are helpful for policymakers, industries, and other governmental and non-governmental organizations to ensure sustainability through green process innovation, green productivity, and environmental awareness.

Today’s world is characterized by rapid technological advancements and escalating ecological concerns including soil and water contamination, acidification, biodiversity loss, excessive waste, etc.; a need is continuously increasing to mitigate these issues and promote sustainability. This study investigated the impact of digitalization on resource use, energy use, waste reduction, and the moderating role of environmental awareness towards sustainability in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. A quantitative-based approach was used and primary data were collected from the 650 managerial-level manufacturing sector employees from Pakistan by using a closed-ended questionnaire and purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS-4 was employed to analyze the data. Digitalization showed positive and significant effects on energy efficiency, waste reduction, and optimal resource utilization—all of which were significantly associated with sustainability. In addition, the results also showed that environmental awareness functions as a moderator, influencing the impact of digital technologies on resource use, energy use, and waste reduction. The study highlights the potential of digitalization for promoting sustainability by enhancing resource consumption efficiency in the manufacturing industry. It also underscores the importance and need for environmental awareness in adopting digital transformation. The study has major implications for governments, engineers, policymakers, and researchers to promote digital transformation in the manufacturing sector and provide support in accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals, i.e., SGD-7, SDG-9, SDG-11, and SDG-12.

Saudi Arabia stands as a rapidly growing economic power. It has emerged as a leading country in adopting and integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. The aim of the organisation is to be globally preeminent unified energy and chemicals company, functioning in a safe, sustainable and reliable manner. Corporate entity openness and moral behaviour is the focus of Aramco's CSR guidelines. Aramco's CSR principles include achieving long-term progress and adhering to local and international laws. The CSR strategy is imbibed into the company's business strategy, which is founded on four focus areas of sustainable development: Climate change and the energy transition, safe operations and people development, minimizing environmental impact and growing societal value. Each of these focus areas support Aramco’s strategic themes, and align with both Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the U.N. Sustainable to create a vibrant civilization, flourishing economy and building a determined nation. Method: This study examines Saudi Aramco's on the CSR front, the industry's largest oil exporter. Efforts have been made through the use of secondary data to capture the drivers and modus operandum used by the organization for its commitment towards sustainability. Results: The industry’s largest oil exporter has adopted several practices in their efforts to become socially responsible and sustainable. Evidence (Aramco sustainability report 2022) has revealed that shift in perspective has taken place over the past year, increasing acceptance of the fact that there needs to be a better balance between maintaining energy security, energy affordability, and environmental sustainability. CSR practices have a positive impact on company performance, reputation, customer satisfaction, loyalty, employee engagement and minimizing any negative environmental and social impacts, to build something that will last a company that will still be standing strong, generations from now.   Conclusion: The journey towards effective CSR implementation is dynamic, marked by achievements and challenges. Aramco's commitment to CSR, underscored by its alignment with Saudi Arabia's ambitious vision, paints a compelling picture of sustainable growth and impact for the organization and the broader nation. As the landscape of corporate responsibility continues to evolve, organizations that adeptly navigate these waters are poised to contribute meaningfully to both their own success and the betterment of society at large.

The increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) as green alternatives to traditional internal combustion engine cars has highlighted the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain models. In particular, the handling of EV batteries, which are environmentally unfriendly and logistically critical due to their hazardous nature and short life cycle, requires a well-designed closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). This study proposes a new multi-objective optimization model of the CLSC, explicitly tailored to EV batteries under demand and return rate uncertainty. The proposed model incorporates three primary objectives that are typically in conflict with one another: minimizing the total cost, reducing carbon emissions throughout the entire supply chain network, and maximizing the recycling and reuse of batteries. The model employs a neutrosophic goal programming (NGP) methodology to address the uncertainties associated with demand and battery return quantities. The NGP model translates multiple objectives into non-monolithic goals with crisp aspiration levels (i.e., prescribed ideal levels for achieving the best of each goal) and thresholds that capture tolerances, thereby accounting for uncertainty. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example, solved using a IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio 22.1.2 solver. The findings demonstrate that the NGP can offer cost-effective, low-impact, and environmentally friendly solutions, thereby enhancing system robustness and flexibility to adapt to uncertainties. This study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable operations research by developing a decision-making tool for EV-HV battery supply chain management. It also offers relevant suggestions for policymakers and industrialists who seek to co-optimize economic benefits, ecological sustainability, and logical feasibility in the emerging green society.