The design features of the existing design and technology for the protection of downhole pumps of the ECV type from abrasive wear during operation are considered and analyzed. Based on the analysis, a new method for capturing solid impurities on the suction line of a borehole pump of the ECV type using a pressure-vacuum hydrocyclone is proposed. It is specified that at field tests of a prototype of new installation technological process is estimated on the pressure-expense characteristic and technological-operational indicators according to requirements of GOST 6134-81 " pumps dynamic. Test method. " In this case, the flow rate of the base pump on water is determined by means of a turbine water meter mounted on a water-lifting pipe with a valve. The performance of the hydraulic elevator is established by the volumetric method, and the head in front of the valve of the pump pressure pipe using an approximate pressure gauge. It is established that the flow-pressure characteristics of the base submersible pump ECV are provided in full (water flow 60-70 m3/h, head - 110-118 m), overload on the electric motor is not detected (ammeter readings are within the permissible limits-68-71 amperes), the degree of water purification is 95-96%. It is noted that the implementation of a flexible packer device with slots and the presence on the surface of the second minihydrocyclone-thickener significantly improves the functioning of the adopted scheme of water treatment. It turned out that with this technology, the overload of the pump motor is reduced by cooling with water without mechanical impurities.

The intake of natural water or waste water from a depth exceeding the suction height of centrifugal pumps is mainly carried out due to additional water supply at the suction of the pump. However, this process becomes more complicated if it is necessary to purify water from mechanical impurities. The purpose of the presented work is to consider this issue based on the development and study of the parameters of an ejector water intake treatment plant equipped with a pressure-vacuum hydrocyclone. The main contribution of the ongoing research is the establishment of the technological parameters of the installation, and their features in the pressure-vacuum mode of operation, in contrast to the known pressure and vacuum hydrocyclones separately. In terms of methodology, the main parameters of the developed installation were established during the testing of its prototype on a specially built stand using well-known regulatory guidelines in the hydraulic research system. As a result of the study, the nature of the change in pressure inside a cylindrical–conical hydrocyclone, with established design dimensions and the patterns of formation of vacuum and pressure-vacuum modes depending on the initial parameters, was revealed. The data obtained to determine the effect of technological parameters of ejection and the characteristics of the supplied water with impurities on the operating mode of the hydrocyclone confirm the efficiency of water intake and purification. A rational mode of joint operation of the elements of a closed system is achieved at the maximum value of the installation efficiency and ensuring low specific energy consumption per 1 m³ of treated water.

The goal of the project is to develop and use a hydrocyclone sand trap to improve the operation of a mini hydroelectric power station. In contrast to the existing design of a similar type of hydroelectric power station, a bulky sump for water purification has been replaced with an efficient hydrocyclone device. Due to this, a simplification of the design of the HPP is achieved, an increase in the degree of sand collection from the composition of the water used. Research methods. The initial data for the calculation were taken: the flow rate of water passing through the hydrocyclone and the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the hydrocyclone. Computer simulation of the process was carried out using the SolidWorks software (flow simulation). The main technological parameters and a rational mode of operation were established by testing experimental samples both in laboratory and in production conditions. Research results. In the established mode, the density of clarified water is equal to 1.009 ... 1.050 t / m3, and the degree of purification is 91 ... 97%. Replacing a bulky reinforced concrete sump with hydrocyclone sand traps of a simplified design reduces the cost of building a water treatment unit from 30% (existing) to 7%. This makes it possible to expand the volume of development of small hydroelectric power plants, especially in mountainous conditions.