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The most important challenge for the global energy sector is to rapidly transform the entire system to one less dependent on fossil fuels and so reduce the harmful effects on the climate
Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Jatin Nathwani. Special Issue: New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3765 .
AMA StyleAlireza Dehghani-Sanij, Jatin Nathwani. Special Issue: New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3765.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlireza Dehghani-Sanij; Jatin Nathwani. 2021. "Special Issue: New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3765.
Renewable and sustainable energy sources can play an important role in meeting the world’s energy needs and also in addressing environmental challenges such as global warming and climate change. Geothermal well-doublet systems can produce both electrical and thermal energy through extracting heat from hot-water aquifers. In this paper, we examine some potential challenges associated with the operation of well-doublet systems, including heat conductivity, chemical, and mechanical issues. In these systems, geomechanics issues such as thermal short-circuiting and induced seismicity arise from temperature and pressure change impacts on the stress state in stiff rocks and fluid flow in fractured rock masses. Coupled chemical processes also can cause fluid channeling or formation and tubular goods plugging (scaling) with precipitates. Mechanical and chemical disequilibrium conditions lead to increased production uncertainties; hence risk, and therefore coupled geo-risk assessments and optimization analyses are needed for comparative commercialization evaluations among different sites. The challenges related to heat transfer processes are also examined. These studies can help better understand the issues that may arise during the operation of geothermal well-doublet systems and improve their effectiveness, subsequently reducing associated costs and risks.
Seyed Bijan Mahbaz; Ali Yaghoubi; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Erfan Sarvaramini; Yuri Leonenko; Maurice B. Dusseault. Well-Doublets: A First-Order Assessment of Geothermal SedHeat Systems. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 697 .
AMA StyleSeyed Bijan Mahbaz, Ali Yaghoubi, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, Erfan Sarvaramini, Yuri Leonenko, Maurice B. Dusseault. Well-Doublets: A First-Order Assessment of Geothermal SedHeat Systems. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Bijan Mahbaz; Ali Yaghoubi; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Erfan Sarvaramini; Yuri Leonenko; Maurice B. Dusseault. 2021. "Well-Doublets: A First-Order Assessment of Geothermal SedHeat Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 697.
This paper provides an evaluation of the needs and requirement for the provision of critical energy services to communities in Canada’s northern region. Enhanced geothermal system concepts are introduced as part of a set of integrated solutions that are cost-competitive and sustainable over the long-term. The goal is to establish a low-carbon energy supply system that not only generates sufficient power and heat to satisfy basic needs but can be scaled to meet higher level requirements for economic empowerment. For remote and isolated communities, a reliable and cost-effective supply of energy is a critical factor to develop and sustain a standard of living comparable to southern regions of Canada. The high cost of energy supply, specifically diesel transport over long distances, is a severe impediment to sustainable development in the northern regions of Canada. A first-order technical and economic feasibility study of the integration of different local energy sources (both renewable and non-renewable) with geothermal energy (deep and shallow) is developed to establish a pathway for a more efficient, low-carbon, sustainable energy sources. The results of this analysis provide a strong basis for investment in modular small-scale integrated geothermal systems for seasonal heat storage and electricity services.
S.B. Mahbaz; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M.B. Dusseault; J.S. Nathwani. Enhanced and integrated geothermal systems for sustainable development of Canada’s northern communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2019, 37, 100565 .
AMA StyleS.B. Mahbaz, A.R. Dehghani-Sanij, M.B. Dusseault, J.S. Nathwani. Enhanced and integrated geothermal systems for sustainable development of Canada’s northern communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2019; 37 ():100565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.B. Mahbaz; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M.B. Dusseault; J.S. Nathwani. 2019. "Enhanced and integrated geothermal systems for sustainable development of Canada’s northern communities." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 37, no. : 100565.
The cold, remote, northern regions of Canada constitute a challenging environment for the provision of reliable energy and food supply to communities. A transition from fossil fuels to renewables-based sources of energy is one positive step in reducing the greenhouse gases from the energy supply system, which currently requires long-distance transport of diesel for electricity and heating needs. Geothermal energy can not only displace diesel for part of this energy need, it can provide a base-load source of local energy to support food production and mitigate adverse impacts of food insecurity on communities. In this proof-of-concept study, we highlight some potential benefits of using geothermal energy to serve Canada’s northern communities. Specifically, we focus on food security and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables in a “controlled environment”, using ground sources of heat for energy requirements at three remote locations—Resolute Bay, Nunavut, as well as Moosonee and Pagwa in Ontario. The system is designed for geothermal district heating combined with efficient use of nutrients, water, and heat to yield a diverse crop of vegetables at an average cost up to 50% lower than the current cost of these vegetables delivered to Resolute Bay. The estimates of thermal energy requirements vary by location (e.g., they are in the range of 41 to 44 kW of thermal energy for a single greenhouse in Resolute Bay). To attain adequate system size to support the operation of such greenhouses, it is expected that up to 15% of the annually recommended servings of vegetables can be provided. Our comparative analysis of geothermal system capital costs shows significantly lower capital costs in Southern Ontario compared to Northern Canada—lower by one-third. Notwithstanding high capital costs, our study demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of producing vegetables cost-effectively in the cold northern climate. This suggests that geothermal energy systems can supply the heat needed for greenhouse applications in remote northern regions, supplying a reliable and robust source of cost-competitive sustainable energy over the long-term and providing a basis for improved food security and economic empowerment of communities.
Carson Kinney; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault; Jatin S. Nathwani; Roydon A. Fraser; Dehghani- Sanij. Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities. Energies 2019, 12, 4058 .
AMA StyleCarson Kinney, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, SeyedBijan Mahbaz, Maurice B. Dusseault, Jatin S. Nathwani, Roydon A. Fraser, Dehghani- Sanij. Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities. Energies. 2019; 12 (21):4058.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarson Kinney; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault; Jatin S. Nathwani; Roydon A. Fraser; Dehghani- Sanij. 2019. "Geothermal Energy for Sustainable Food Production in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities." Energies 12, no. 21: 4058.
In this paper, the thermal behaviour of a saline water droplet during flight over a marine vessel in cold weather conditions is investigated by analytical and semi-analytical techniques. To predict and analyze the droplet cooling and freezing processes, three stages are employed: a liquid cooling stage, a solidification stage, and a solid cooling stage. The theoretical model considers heat transfer via conduction inside the droplet as well as convection, evaporation (just for the liquid cooling stage), and radiation heat transfer from the droplet's surface to the ambient air. A novel semi-analytical solution technique is developed to analyze the inward moving boundary problem for the solidification stage. The results show that the liquid cooling stage is very short, and the temperature at the droplet's center remains close to the initial droplet temperature. During the solidification stage, the velocity of the inward freezing front within the droplet is approximately constant, and the temperature variations are linear when the temperature inside the droplet reaches the freezing temperature. The solid cooling stage is much longer than the other stages, and the temperature changes are non-linear. For a case study, theoretical predictions show that the average temperature of a droplet with a diameter of 1 mm at the moment of impact on the deck is approximately −1.95°C. Moreover, there is an ice shell with a thickness of 0.06 mm on the surface of the water droplet at the moment of impact.
A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; S. MacLachlan; Greg Naterer; Y.S. Muzychka; R.D. Haynes; V. Enjilela. Multistage cooling and freezing of a saline spherical water droplet. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2019, 147, 106095 .
AMA StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij, S. MacLachlan, Greg Naterer, Y.S. Muzychka, R.D. Haynes, V. Enjilela. Multistage cooling and freezing of a saline spherical water droplet. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2019; 147 ():106095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij; S. MacLachlan; Greg Naterer; Y.S. Muzychka; R.D. Haynes; V. Enjilela. 2019. "Multistage cooling and freezing of a saline spherical water droplet." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 147, no. : 106095.
Global energy demand is increasing, driven by population rise, technological development, and a desire for a better lifestyle. However, because environmental issues such as fossil-fuel-sourced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are emerging as constraints on the nature of energy sources, using renewable and sustainable energy sources is the appropriate and applicable response. Geothermal energy is one form of renewable and sustainable energy, which has certain advantages such as consistency, a vast amount of untapped potential, availability, and a wide range of possible applications that make it an interesting and viable solution for helping meet the world’s energy needs while reducing GHG emissions (especially CO2). We provide a comprehensive review on the evolution of geothermal energy production from its obscure beginnings to the present time by reporting production data from individual countries and collective data of worldwide production. In addition, we provide an overview of relevant technologies at the industrial level, such as site identification, power production methods, and direct use. Finally, we discuss the geothermal power production prospects for 2050, the classification of production capacity on the technology side, and existing roadmaps for points of interest concerning technological development. We hope this review helps to identify existing gaps, future challenges, and areas needing further attention and investigation.
M. Soltani; F. Moradi Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; A. Nokhosteen; A. Ahmadi-Joughi; K. Gharali; S.B. Mahbaz; M.B. Dusseault. A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development. International Journal of Green Energy 2019, 16, 971 -1009.
AMA StyleM. Soltani, F. Moradi Kashkooli, A.R. Dehghani-Sanij, A. Nokhosteen, A. Ahmadi-Joughi, K. Gharali, S.B. Mahbaz, M.B. Dusseault. A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development. International Journal of Green Energy. 2019; 16 (13):971-1009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Soltani; F. Moradi Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; A. Nokhosteen; A. Ahmadi-Joughi; K. Gharali; S.B. Mahbaz; M.B. Dusseault. 2019. "A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development." International Journal of Green Energy 16, no. 13: 971-1009.
Sustainable low-carbon energy resources (e.g., geothermal energy) are important solutions to meet growing energy demand in developed and developing countries. Because of recent advances in drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies for flow enhancement, Enhanced Geothermal Systems based on hot/warm fluids from deep geological formations have an increasingly interesting potential for power and heat supply. In this paper, a conceptual Sedimentary Enhanced Geothermal System in the Williston Basin is investigated numerically. Thermo-hydraulic and hydro-mechanical coupled models are used to assess the thermal performance and stress evolution of a geothermal doublet system. Using realistic properties of the target area, doublet spacing and recirculation flow rate are studied to evaluate the growth of the heat transfer volume. Introducing a more permeable zone (i.e., a fault or high permeability channel) across the flow path between wells does not shorten the useful reservoir lifetime; in fact, it delays cold front advancement by lateral broadening of the heat transfer domain. As cold water is re-injected into the reservoir in a recirculation approach, large stress changes are generated, and the stress distribution and local stress gradients change with time through combined convective and conductive heat transfer. Although the rock model used represents an unfractured sandstone with negligible permeability sensitivity to effective stress changes, the authors note that for a naturally fractured reservoir the stress changes will have major impacts on flow paths (compressional versus extensional expansion) and hence temperature distributions and heat extraction behavior.
Alireza Kazemi; S.B. Mahbaz; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M.B. Dusseault; R. Fraser. Performance Evaluation of an Enhanced Geothermal System in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 113, 109278 .
AMA StyleAlireza Kazemi, S.B. Mahbaz, A.R. Dehghani-Sanij, M.B. Dusseault, R. Fraser. Performance Evaluation of an Enhanced Geothermal System in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 113 ():109278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlireza Kazemi; S.B. Mahbaz; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M.B. Dusseault; R. Fraser. 2019. "Performance Evaluation of an Enhanced Geothermal System in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113, no. : 109278.
As more renewable energy is developed, energy storage is increasingly important and attractive, especially grid-scale electrical energy storage; hence, finding and implementing cost-effective and sustainable energy storage and conversion systems is vital. Batteries of various types and sizes are considered one of the most suitable approaches to store energy and extensive research exists for different technologies and applications of batteries; however, environmental impacts of large-scale battery use remain a major challenge that requires further study. In this paper, batteries from various aspects including design features, advantages, disadvantages, and environmental impacts are assessed. This review reaffirms that batteries are efficient, convenient, reliable and easy-to-use energy storage systems (ESSs). It also confirms that battery shelf life and use life are limited; a large amount and wide range of raw materials, including metals and non-metals, are used to produce batteries; and, the battery industry can generate considerable amounts of environmental pollutants (e.g., hazardous waste, greenhouse gas emissions and toxic gases) during different processes such as mining, manufacturing, use, transportation, collection, storage, treatment, disposal and recycling. Battery use at a large scale or grid-scale (>50 MW), which is widely anticipated, will have significant social and environmental impacts; hence, it must be compared carefully with alternatives in terms of sustainability, while focusing on research to quantify externalities and reduce risk. Alternatives such as pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage must be encouraged because of their low environmental impact compared to different types of batteries.
A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; E. Tharumalingam; M.B. Dusseault; R. Fraser. Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 104, 192 -208.
AMA StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij, E. Tharumalingam, M.B. Dusseault, R. Fraser. Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 104 ():192-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij; E. Tharumalingam; M.B. Dusseault; R. Fraser. 2019. "Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 104, no. : 192-208.
Geothermal energy is one of the sources of renewable energy, which is local, reliable, resilient, environmentally-friendly, and sustainable. This kind of natural energy can be produced from the heat of the earth, and has different applications, such as heating and cooling of buildings, generating electricity, providing warm/cold water for agricultural products in greenhouses, and balneological use. Also, geothermal energy is not dependent on weather influences and can supply heat and electricity almost continuously throughout the year. This study provides a general overview of the geothermal heating and cooling systems. Topics addressed include: an introduction to energy and the environment as well as the relationship between them, a brief history of geothermal energy, a discussion on the district energy systems, a review of the geothermal heating and cooling systems, a brief survey of geothermal energy distribution systems, an overview of ground source heat pumps, and a discussion of ground heat exchangers. Recognition and accommodation of several factors addressed and discussed in the current review can enhance the installation soundness of any geothermal heating or cooling system.
M. Soltani; Farshad M. Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; Alireza Kazemi; N. Bordbar; M.J. Farshchi; M. Elmi; K. Gharali; Maurice B. Dusseault. A comprehensive study of geothermal heating and cooling systems. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 44, 793 -818.
AMA StyleM. Soltani, Farshad M. Kashkooli, A.R. Dehghani-Sanij, Alireza Kazemi, N. Bordbar, M.J. Farshchi, M. Elmi, K. Gharali, Maurice B. Dusseault. A comprehensive study of geothermal heating and cooling systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 44 ():793-818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Soltani; Farshad M. Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; Alireza Kazemi; N. Bordbar; M.J. Farshchi; M. Elmi; K. Gharali; Maurice B. Dusseault. 2018. "A comprehensive study of geothermal heating and cooling systems." Sustainable Cities and Society 44, no. : 793-818.
Passive cooling systems, such as wind towers, can help to reduce energy consumption in buildings and at the same time reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Wind towers can naturally ventilate buildings and also can create enhanced thermal comfort for occupants during the warm months. This study proposes a modern wind tower design with a moistened pad. The new design includes a fixed column, a rotating and movable head, an air opening with a screen, and two windows at the end of the column. The wind tower can be installed on roof-tops to take advantage of ambient airflow. The wind tower’s head can be controlled manually or automatically to capture optimum wind velocity based on desired thermal condition. To maximize its performance, a small pump was considered to circulate and spray water on an evaporative cooling pad. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of airflow around and inside the proposed wind tower is conducted to analyze the ventilation performance of this new design of wind tower. Thereby, the velocity, total pressure, and pressure coefficient distributions around and within the wind tower for different wind velocities are examined. The simulation results illustrate that the new wind tower design with a moistened pad can be a reasonable solution to improve naturally the thermal comfort of buildings in hot and dry climates.
Madjid Soltani; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Sayadnia; Farshad M. Kashkooli; Kobra Gharali; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault. Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface. Energies 2018, 11, 1100 .
AMA StyleMadjid Soltani, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, Ahmad Sayadnia, Farshad M. Kashkooli, Kobra Gharali, SeyedBijan Mahbaz, Maurice B. Dusseault. Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadjid Soltani; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Sayadnia; Farshad M. Kashkooli; Kobra Gharali; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault. 2018. "Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface." Energies 11, no. 5: 1100.
Wind towers or wind catchers, as passive cooling systems, can provide natural ventilation in buildings located in hot, arid regions. These natural cooling systems can provide thermal comfort for the building inhabitants throughout the warm months. In this paper, a modular design of a wind tower is introduced. The design, called a modular wind tower with wetted surfaces, was investigated experimentally and analytically. To determine the performance of the wind tower, air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and air velocity were measured at different points. Measurements were carried out when the wind speed was zero. The experimental results were compared with the analytical ones. The results illustrated that the modular wind tower can decrease the air temperature significantly and increase the relative humidity of airflow into the building. The average differences for air temperature and air relative humidity between ambient air and air exiting from the wind tower were approximately 10 °C and 40%, respectively. The main advantage of the proposed wind tower is that it is a modular design that can reduce the cost of wind tower construction.
Sajad M.R. Khani; Mehdi N. Bahadori; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Nourbakhsh. Performance Evaluation of a Modular Design of Wind Tower with Wetted Surfaces. Energies 2017, 10, 845 .
AMA StyleSajad M.R. Khani, Mehdi N. Bahadori, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, Ahmad Nourbakhsh. Performance Evaluation of a Modular Design of Wind Tower with Wetted Surfaces. Energies. 2017; 10 (7):845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajad M.R. Khani; Mehdi N. Bahadori; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Nourbakhsh. 2017. "Performance Evaluation of a Modular Design of Wind Tower with Wetted Surfaces." Energies 10, no. 7: 845.
In today’s world, the significance of energy and energy conservation is a common knowledge. Wind towers can save the electrical energy used to provide thermal comfort during the warm months of the year, especially during the peak hours. In this paper, we propose a new design for wind towers. The proposed wind towers are installed on top of the buildings, in the direction of the maximum wind speed in the region. If the desired wind speed is accessible in several directions, additional wind towers can be installed in several positions. The proposed wind tower can also rotate and set itself in the direction of the maximum wind speed. In the regions where the wind speed is low, to improve the efficiency of the system a solar chimney or a one-sided wind tower can be installed in another part of the building in the opposite direction. Using transparent materials in the manufacturing of the proposed wind towers improves the use of natural light inside the building. The major advantage of wind towers is that they are passive systems requiring no energy for operation. Also, wind towers reduce electrical energy consumption and environmental pollution.
A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M. Soltani; K. Raahemifar. A new design of wind tower for passive ventilation in buildings to reduce energy consumption in windy regions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2014, 42, 182 -195.
AMA StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij, M. Soltani, K. Raahemifar. A new design of wind tower for passive ventilation in buildings to reduce energy consumption in windy regions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014; 42 ():182-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.R. Dehghani-Sanij; M. Soltani; K. Raahemifar. 2014. "A new design of wind tower for passive ventilation in buildings to reduce energy consumption in windy regions." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42, no. : 182-195.
This chapter illustrates pictures of the Baudgeers in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries including Egypt which were built in houses and water reservoirs. Baudgeers in Iran are used in both hot arid regions and humid regions. Egyptian and other Middle Eastern Baudgeers have also been used in different climatic regions (Figs. 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17, 9.18, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.23, 9.24, 9.25, 9.26, 9.27, 9.28, 9.29, 9.30, 9.31, 9.32, 9.33, 9.34, 9.35, 9.36, 9.37, 9.38, 9.39, 9.40, 9.41, 9.42, 9.43, 9.44, 9.45¸ 9.46, 9.47, 9.48, 9.49).
Mehdi N. Bahadori; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ali Sayigh. Pictures of Baudgeers. Wind Towers 2014, 183 -209.
AMA StyleMehdi N. Bahadori, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, Ali Sayigh. Pictures of Baudgeers. Wind Towers. 2014; ():183-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehdi N. Bahadori; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ali Sayigh. 2014. "Pictures of Baudgeers." Wind Towers , no. : 183-209.