This study examines the effects of health expenditure, energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, population size, and income on health outcomes in 46 Asian nations between 1997 and 2019. Cross-sectional dependence (CSD) and slope heterogeneity (SH) tests are utilized due to the close linkages between Asian nations as a result of commerce, tourism, religion, and international agreements. The research uses unit root and cointegration tests of the second generation after validating CSD and SH issues. Due to the results of the CSD and SH tests, it is clear that conventional methods of estimation are inappropriate, so a new panel method, the inter autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL) model, is used instead. In addition to CS-ARDL, the study’s results were checked with a common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) method and an augmented mean group (AMG) method. According to the CS-ARDL study, higher rates of energy use and healthcare spending lead to better health outcomes for Asian countries over the long run. CO₂ emissions are shown to be harmful to human health, according to the study. The influence of a population’s size on health outcomes is shown to be negative in the CS-ARDL and CCEMG, but favorable in the AMG. Only the AMG coefficient is significant. In most instances, the results of the AMG and CCEMG corroborate the results of the CS-ARDL. Among all the factors influencing life expectancy in Asian countries, healthcare spending is the most influential. Hence, to improve health outcomes, Asian countries need to take the required actions to boost health spending, energy consumption, and long-term economic growth. To achieve the best possible health outcomes, Asian countries should also reduce their CO₂ emissions.

Agriculture significantly contributes to the economic growth of many developing nations, while energy policies aimed at combating climate change play a crucial role in bolstering this growth. This paper examines the relationship between agriculture, renewable energy, trade openness, and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India from 1965 to 2022. The unit root tests confirmed the stationarity of the data, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing confirmed a long-run relationship among variables. The results of the ARDL long-run elasticities indicate that a 1% increase in agriculture productivity and trade openness led to a respective increase in CO2 emissions of 0.42% and 0.20%, respectively. In addition, a slight increase in usage of renewable energy was found to have a positive impact on reducing CO2 emissions, while economic growth also contributed to a small decrease in emissions. The findings confirmed the validity of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) alongside the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of India. The findings suggest that implementing renewable energy usage, low-carbon economy, and trade reforms, along with robust environmental policies that minimize CO2 emissions, can contribute to the development of the agriculture sector and green economy.

The worldwide community is worried due to various ecological modifications. The change of climate, desertification, logging, coastal erosion, overfishing, loss of biodiversity, and soil resource depletion are all causes that contribute to ecological harm. Quite a few observers have pointed out that these problems add up to substantial alterations to Earth's surface brought about by human activity. Using the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), this investigation analyzes the influences of alternative energy resources and natural resources alongside government spending on France's ecological sustainability throughout 1990-2021. Long-run estimates are calculated with completely modified least squares (FMOLS), and the empirical analysis's robustness is examined with dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Long-term estimations show an opposing association concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with renewable and nuclear energies, natural resources, and government spending, whereas a positive liaison between CO2 emissions with economic development. However, CO2 emissions have a negative association with the square of economic progression, lending credence to EKC. As the economy grows, environmental sustainability declines. In the long run, EKC will help the environment progress for the better. Implications for policy, research gaps, and future directions are discussed to round out the study.

This study seeks to look into the effects of financial development, economic growth, consumer price index (CPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable energy utilization. The investigation applied the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methodology by using yearly time-series data from 1990 to 2022 for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The empirical results show an upward trend involving financial development and the use of renewable energy, suggesting that financial development precedes the uptake of renewable energy. In a similar vein, there are noteworthy positive associations found between the CPI and economic growth when renewable energy is used. Furthermore, a surprising link between direct investment and the use of renewable energy is also revealed by our research. These findings offer insightful information about the factors influencing the use of renewable energy in the BRICS nations. From a policy standpoint, the results support the implementation of policies that encourage the uptake of clean technology in conjunction with strong efforts to promote the adoption and exploitation of renewable energy sources. Such actions can promote economic expansion and help the BRICS economies meet their sustainability and low-carbon commitments. The adoption of renewable energy in the examined bloc can be made even more cost-effective by taking practical measures, such as feed-in tariffs and subsidies. By providing evidence-based insights, this study advances the worldwide fight against climate change and the quest for affordable and sustainable energy.

The smart cities strategy is crucial to safeguarding the environment, which is possible with the help of renewable energy and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Therefore, this research investigates the effect of ICT, green energy or renewable energy, urbanization, and economic growth (GDP) on environmental sustainability in China. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that ICT and renewable energy have an adverse and significant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the country. It states that the rise of ICT and renewable energy increases the quality of the environment. On the other hand, urbanization and economic growth have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions. The result argues that large-scale urbanization decreases the quality of the environment. The research recommends that ICT diffusion, renewable energy consumption, smart urbanization, and a low-carbon economy strategy assist in achieving environmental sustainability goals.

Nuclear energy is often regarded as a very efficient method for promoting environmental sustainability. This study seeks to investigate the influence of nuclear energy, renewable energy, financial globalization, technical innovation, and economic expansion on the sustainability of the environment in the top 10 economies that consume nuclear energy. The research analyzed data from 1990 to 2020. The load capacity factor (LCF) serves as a novel indicator for ecological sustainability, elucidating the impact of human activities on ecological sustainability and the mechanisms by which nature mitigates human-induced harm. This study employed the Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method to analyze the dynamic effects of the variables being studied. The estimation results suggest that the use of nuclear and renewable energy, as well as financial globalization, contribute to environmental sustainability by raising the LCF. On the other hand, economic expansion and technological innovation negatively impact ecological sustainability as it decreases the LCF. The study suggests that the governments of the top 10 nations with the highest nuclear energy consumption should actively promote increased investment in green technology and renewable energy sources in order to attain environmental sustainability.