Agriculture significantly contributes to the economic growth of many developing nations, while energy policies aimed at combating climate change play a crucial role in bolstering this growth. This paper examines the relationship between agriculture, renewable energy, trade openness, and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India from 1965 to 2022. The unit root tests confirmed the stationarity of the data, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing confirmed a long-run relationship among variables. The results of the ARDL long-run elasticities indicate that a 1% increase in agriculture productivity and trade openness led to a respective increase in CO2 emissions of 0.42% and 0.20%, respectively. In addition, a slight increase in usage of renewable energy was found to have a positive impact on reducing CO2 emissions, while economic growth also contributed to a small decrease in emissions. The findings confirmed the validity of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) alongside the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of India. The findings suggest that implementing renewable energy usage, low-carbon economy, and trade reforms, along with robust environmental policies that minimize CO2 emissions, can contribute to the development of the agriculture sector and green economy.

The study investigated the factors that influence the return on assets (ROA) of manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. The study relied on secondary data sourced from the audited annual reports of 15 leading manufacturing firms in Bangladesh, covering a period of ten years from 2013 to 2022. The sample firms were selected based on their listing on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)-30 and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)-30 indices and their status as leading firms in the manufacturing sector using the purposeful sampling method. The study employed the one-step generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to analyze the data, addressing the presence of endogeneity and heteroskedasticity. The results of the study indicated that the natural logarithms of net profit margin (NPM) and total sales (TS) have a significant positive relationship with ROA, while the natural logarithm of total assets (TA) has a significant negative relationship with ROA. However, the study did not find any significant relationship between the leverage ratio (D RATIO) and ROA. The lagged value of the dependent variable (L) was also found to be insignificant. The study's findings suggest that firms can enhance their ROA by improving their profitability and increasing their sales while avoiding excessive growth in their asset base. Additionally, larger firms may face diseconomies of scale that reduce their profitability. However, the lack of a significant relationship between leverage and ROA is somewhat surprising, and further research is needed to better understand the relationship between leverage and ROA in different contexts. Overall, the study utilized a rigorous data collection approach to ensure the reliability and validity of the data used for analysis, providing accurate results that can be relied upon for making informed decisions.

The smart cities strategy is crucial to safeguarding the environment, which is possible with the help of renewable energy and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Therefore, this research investigates the effect of ICT, green energy or renewable energy, urbanization, and economic growth (GDP) on environmental sustainability in China. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that ICT and renewable energy have an adverse and significant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the country. It states that the rise of ICT and renewable energy increases the quality of the environment. On the other hand, urbanization and economic growth have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions. The result argues that large-scale urbanization decreases the quality of the environment. The research recommends that ICT diffusion, renewable energy consumption, smart urbanization, and a low-carbon economy strategy assist in achieving environmental sustainability goals.

This study seeks to look into the effects of financial development, economic growth, consumer price index (CPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable energy utilization. The investigation applied the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methodology by using yearly time-series data from 1990 to 2022 for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The empirical results show an upward trend involving financial development and the use of renewable energy, suggesting that financial development precedes the uptake of renewable energy. In a similar vein, there are noteworthy positive associations found between the CPI and economic growth when renewable energy is used. Furthermore, a surprising link between direct investment and the use of renewable energy is also revealed by our research. These findings offer insightful information about the factors influencing the use of renewable energy in the BRICS nations. From a policy standpoint, the results support the implementation of policies that encourage the uptake of clean technology in conjunction with strong efforts to promote the adoption and exploitation of renewable energy sources. Such actions can promote economic expansion and help the BRICS economies meet their sustainability and low-carbon commitments. The adoption of renewable energy in the examined bloc can be made even more cost-effective by taking practical measures, such as feed-in tariffs and subsidies. By providing evidence-based insights, this study advances the worldwide fight against climate change and the quest for affordable and sustainable energy.

Egypt is pivotal in the global energy transportation. It has committed to the Paris Agreement and presented its recognition of the necessity for international cooperation in tackling climate change. Despite these commitments, Egypt faces significant challenges in its energy sector. With the high domestic energy demands, the nation's crude oil reserve is projected to be depleted within the next 15 years. It is crucial to prioritize and focus on renewable energy technology and its utilization in the present and future frameworks of Egypt's energy by addressing these issues to maintain its strategic position in global energy markets. The study aims to examine Egypt's current energy landscape and assess its potential for adopting renewable energy sources. To meet the nation's electricity demands the study explores both the current state and future possibilities for renewable and sustainable energy in Egypt, taking into account plans from both the private and public sectors. The adoption of such strategies will guide the authorities of Egypt towards achieving the nation's renewable energy ambitions, including the 2035 energy strategy, with the ultimate goal of becoming a net-zero emissions nation. Egypt's renewable energy sector is largely underdeveloped and faces numerous challenges, despite it has abundant and varied resources. These challenges include barriers in manufacturing, political hurdles, economic constraints, and technological limitations. This study suggests several strategies for Egypt to optimize its utilization of renewable resources. The suggestions are made considering the existing energy policies and identifying potential obstacles in the deployment of renewable energy systems. This study would assist Egypt and other nations in establishing a clear path toward achieving the global objective of net zero emissions in the coming decades.