The ZnFe ₂ O ₄ -based sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 9.07 to 1 ppm 2-CEES at 250 °C. The sensor response and recovery times were 18 and 546 s, respectively, and its detection sensitivity of 2.87 to 0.01 ppm 2-CEES.

In situ Au decorated laser-induced graphene (LIG/Au) behaves as an effective near-room-temperature 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) sensor. It exhibits an enhanced response of 7.85‰ to 1.0 ppm 2-CEES, which is twice as that of pure LIG.

Laser-assisted synthesis of MoS₂ on 3D porous graphene foam (LIG/MoS₂) behaves as a highly efficient and durable H₂ evolution reaction electrocatalyst under alkaline condition. It merely needs 130 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in 1.0 M KOH.

In this paper, the recent advances in MOF, polymer and MOF/polymer-based PC sensors over the past ten years were summarized.

This review discusses the development and application of DESs in microextraction techniques for gas chromatographic analysis, showcasing their efficiency, environmental benefits, and potential to replace traditional solvents in analytical chemistry.

Mustard gas, a representative of blister agents, poses a severe threat to human health. Although the structure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) is similar to mustard gas, 2-CEES is non-toxic, rendering it a commonly employed simulant in related research. ZnFe₂O₄-based semiconductor gas sensors exhibit numerous advantages, including structural stability, high sensitivities, and easy miniaturization. However, they exhibit insufficient sensitivity at low concentrations and require high operating temperatures. Owing to the effect of electronic and chemical sensitization, the gas-sensing performance of a sensor may be remarkably enhanced via the sensitization method of noble metal loading. In this study, based on the morphologies of ZnFe₂O₄ hollow microspheres, a solvothermal method was adopted to realize different levels of Au loading. Toward 1 ppm of 2-CEES, the gas sensor based on 2 wt.% Au-loaded ZnFe₂O₄ hollow microspheres exhibited a response sensitivity twice that of the gas sensor based on pure ZnFe₂O₄; furthermore, the response/recovery times decreased. Additionally, the sensor displayed excellent linear response to low concentrations of 2-CEES, outstanding selectivity in the presence of several common volatile organic compounds, and good repeatability, as well as long-term stability. The Au-loaded ZnFe₂O₄-based sensor has considerable potential for use in detecting toxic chemical agents and their simulants. Graphical abstract