The purpose of this study was to assess the extraction of cellulose from stalks of vines using auto-hydrolysis and characterize it. As the results obtained, the colorimeter readings displayed a final yellow color of the fiber, demonstrating that the bleaching process was insufficient and that multiple bleaching processes might be required. According to the FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) data, there were stretching and deformation vibrationsof characteristic peak that represent cellulose (2900, 1500, and 1200 cm⁻¹). Although lignin and hemicellulose were partially removed according to the FTIR, distinct cellulose yields were achieved for each fraction, including fractions 500, 300, 250, 150 µm, and retain, with values of 21.98, 12.70, 7.20, 5.74, and 3.11%, respectively. In sum, we were able to extract cellulose from the stalk vine, although the last step still needs to be optimized for better whitening.

Inspired by the principles of the circular economy, using vineyard pruning residues as a source of raw materials for producing nanocellulose is a promising approach to transforming vineyard resources into value-added products. This study aimed to obtain and characterize cellulose and cellulose nanofibers from such sources. The cellulose collected from different fractions of micronized stems (500, 300, 150 μm, and retain) of vines was submitted to autohydrolysis and finally bleached. Soon, it underwent treatment via (2,2,6,6-tetrametil-piperidi-1-nil)oxil (TEMPO) oxidation and ultrasonic to obtain nanocellulose fibers. The cellulose films were obtained at a microscale thickness of 0.05 ± 0.00; 0.37 ± 0.03; 0.06 ± 0.01 e 0.030 ± 0.01 mm, with the following particle size: 500 µm, 300 µm, 150 µm, and retain (<150 µm). The bleaching efficiency of the cellulose fibers of each particle size fraction was evaluated for color through a colorimeter. In addition, the extraction of cellulose fibers was assessed by infrared with Fourier transform, and size and shape were assessed by microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction were performed to confirm the thermal and crystalline properties. Combining autohydrolysis with a bleaching step proved to be a promising and ecological alternative to obtain white fractions rich in cellulose. It was possible to perform the extraction of cellulose to obtain nanocellulose fibers from vine pruning residues for the development of coatings for the conservation of heritage buildings from environmental conditions through an environmentally friendly process.

Aquaculture requires sustainable alternatives to fishery- and plant-based feed ingredients. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of seaweeds using filamentous fungi can degrade seaweed polysaccharides while enhancing their nutritional and functional properties. In this study, Palmaria palmata, Fucus vesiculosus, and Chondrus crispus were used as substrates for SSF with Aspergillus ibericus MUM 03.49, Aspergillus carbonarius MUM 04.41, Aspergillus tubigensis MUM 06.152, Rhizopus arrhizus MUM 10.260, Trichoderma atroviride CECT 20720, A. uvarum MUM 08.01, and Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413. SSF of P. palmata resulted in the highest nutritional enhancement, increasing soluble protein, antioxidant compounds, polysaccharide degradation, and enzymes production. SSF scale-up with A. ibericus increased crude protein (1.2-fold) and lipid contents (11-fold) and reduced xylan by 95%. Aqueous extraction effectively removed spores, yielding extracts rich in xylanase (27.2 U/mL), β-glucosidase (4.4 U/mL), protease (7.1 U/mL), and phenolic compounds (1.3 g/L). This work highlights SSF-based seaweed bioprocessing as a sustainable strategy for producing aquafeed ingredients.