A novel optical fiber sensor that simultaneously measures ultrasound and ultraviolet (UV) radiation was proposed for partial discharge (PD) detection, which is based on Fabry–Pérot interference (FPI) and fluorescence properties. The proposed sensor adopts a Fabry–Pérot structure consisting of a grooved diaphragm and a cerium and terbium co-doped fluorescent (CTDF) fiber. This design employs the grooved diaphragm-based FPI for ultrasound detection, while the lead-in CTDF fiber is specifically utilized for UV radiation detection, minimizing cross-sensitivity between the two due to the distinct detection mechanisms. The parameters of the grooved diaphragm were determined by finite element method (FEM) simulation to precisely tune the resonance frequency of the proposed sensor, ensuring that the proposed sensor meets the sensitivity requirements for effective PD ultrasound detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor is capable of measuring both ultrasound and UV radiation simultaneously, with an ultrasound pressure sensitivity of 23.14 mV/Pa at 34.4 kHz and a UV response sensitivity of 104 mV/( $\mu $ W $\cdot $ cm−2) at 365 nm wavelength. With its compact size, inherent insulation properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) resistance, the proposed sensor can be directly installed within high-voltage equipment, demonstrating the significant potential for a wide range of applications in PD detection.

Maize is one of the most successful crops in utilizing heterosis which significantly improves maize stresses resistance and yield. Drought is a destructive abiotic stress that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in maize. Drought stress and re-watering frequently occur during the growth and development of maize; however, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis under drought stress and re-watering have rarely been systematically investigated. Zhengdan7137 and Zhengdan7153 are two maize hybrid varieties with robust heterosis, and separately belongs to the SS×NSS and Reid×Tangsipingtou heterotic groups. 54 transcriptomes of these two hybrids and their parental inbred lines were analyzed under well-watering (WW), water-deficit (WD), and re-watering (RW) conditions using RNA-Seq. In this study, we identified 3,411 conserved drought response genes (CDRGs) and 3,133 conserved re-watering response genes (CRRGs) between Zhengdan7137 and Zhengdan7153. When comparing CDRGs and CRRGs to overdominance and underdominance genes, we identified 303 and 252 conservative drought response overdominance genes (DODGs) and underdominance genes (DUDGs), respectively, and 165 and 267 conservative re-watering response overdominance genes (RODGs) and underdominance genes (RUDGs), respectively. DODGs are involved in stress response-related processes, such as L-phenylalanine metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and heat response, whereas DUDGs are associated with glucose metabolism, pentose-phosphate shunt, and starch metabolism. RODGs and RUDGs contribute to the recovery of hybrids from drought stress by upregulating cell propagation and photosynthesis processes, and repressing stress response processes, respectively. It indicated overdominant and underdominant genes conservatively contributed to hybrid heterosis under drought stress. These results deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance, uncover conservative molecular mechanisms of heterosis under drought stress and re-watering, and provide potential targets for improving drought resistance in maize.