In this work, the effect of zinc addition on the performance of aluminum-based sacrificial anode in seawater was investigated. The parameters used in assessing the performance of the cast anodes are anodic efficiency, protection efficiency and polarized potential. The content of zinc in the anodes was varied after die casting. The alloys produced were tested as sacrificial anode for the protection of mild steel for marine application at room temperature. Factors such as reactivity of zinc particles in the seawater, corrosion activity during the period of experiment, pH of seawater and the electronegativity potential of zinc were collected for analysis. Overall findings shows addition of zinc increases rate of corrosion to the sacrificial anode and the protection offered by the sacrificial anodes measured and collected in PIT shows the seawater react to sacrificial anode and no porosity reaction between the anodes. The microstructure showed the intermetallic structures of β-phase which breakdown the alumina passive film, thus enhancing the anode efficiency.

Solder joint is an important interconnector in surface mount technology (SMT) assembly process. The real time stress, strain and displacement of the solder joint is difficult to observe and assess the experiment. To tackle these problems, simulation analysis was employed to study the von Mises stress, strain and displacement in the thermal stress analysis by using Finite element based software. In this study, a model of leadless electronic package was considered. The thermal stress analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the solder length to those mechanical aspects. The simulation results revealed that solder length gives significant effect to the maximum von Mises stress to the solder joint. Besides, changes in solder length also influence the displacement of the solder joint in the thermal environment. The increment of the solder length significantly reduces the von Mises stress and strain on the solder joint. Thus, the understanding of the physical parameter for solder joint is important for engineer prior to designing the solder joint of the electronic component.

MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

Magnesium alloys have broad applications, including medical implants and the aerospace sector owing to their great density and high strength-to-weight ratio. Dry cutting is a frequent technique for machining this material. However, it always leads to an excessive rise in temperature due to the absence of cooling at the cutting zone, which affects the machined surface integrity and chip morphology. In this study, chip morphology and surface integrity of the AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated in the turning process using an internal cooling method called submerged convective cooling (SCC) to overcome the absence of cooling in dry cutting. This method can exploit the advantage of the high specific heat capacity of water as a cooling fluid without any reaction between water and magnesium to create a cooling element in the cutting zone. The chip morphologies and surface integrity were analyzed experimentally with varying cutting speeds under SCC and dry cutting. The experimental results revealed that SCC and dry cutting produced saw-tooth or serrated chip formation. The chips produced in dry cutting were continuous, while SCC was short and discontinuous as a result of a severe crack on the back surface of the chip. It was discovered that the grain refinement layer on the machined samples was thinner under SCC turning. SCC machining increased the microhardness of the AZ31 magnesium alloy by 60.5% from 55 HV to 88.3 HV, while dry turning exhibited a 49% increase in microhardness. The result revealed that surface roughness improved by 10.8%, 9.4% and 4.7% for cutting speeds (V) of 120, 180, and 240 m/min, respectively, under the SCC internal cooling. Based on the result obtained, SCC cutting outperformed dry cutting in terms of chip breakability, grain refinement, microhardness, and surface roughness.

Inconel 718, a precipitation-hardened nickel-based superalloy, is widely utilised in aerospace applications due to its excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability. However, its toughness and work-hardening behaviour pose substantial machining challenges, resulting in rapid tool wear, elevated cutting forces, and increased energy consumption. This study investigates the performance of a bio-based hybrid nanolubricant composed of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles dispersed in coconut oil, applied under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions during turning operations. Machining trials were conducted at cutting speeds of 25, 50, and 100 m/min using two nanoparticle concentrations (1 wt% and 2 wt%), with results benchmarked against dry cutting. The HNCO 2% exhibited the greatest improvement in tool wear resistance and extended tool life by 55.73% compared to dry cutting, while HNCO 1% resulted in a 35.96% improvement. These enhancements were attributed to increased viscosity and the formation of a stable tribo-film at the tool–workpiece interface. Adhesive wear mechanisms, including built-up edge (BUE) formation and chipping, were predominant, while EDX analysis confirmed oxidation-induced tribo-film formation. Cutting forces decreased with increasing speed due to reduced friction and chip thickness, with reductions of 3.9% and 10.19% observed for HNCO 1% and HNCO 2%, respectively. HNCO 2% also yielded the lowest surface roughness (Ra = 1.03 µm) at 100 m/min, with Ra values improving by 14.07% and 15.31% for 1% and 2% concentrations, respectively, over dry cutting. These findings underscore the potential of bio-based hybrid nanolubricants for enhancing machining performance, promoting tool longevity, and reducing environmental impact in the processing of difficult-to-machine materials such as Inconel 718.

Cyclone gasification systems is an efficient energy recovery system from biomass. The strength of the cyclone gasifier is crucial to ensure the functionality and safety during the operation. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical aspects of the cyclone gasifier by using the finite element analysis. Finite element based software was employed to analyze the mechanical aspects of the cyclone gasifier. The stress and strain of cyclone gasifier’s structure was studied when increasing in the wall thickness under the different internal pressures. The maximum stress of the cyclone structure decreases to 76.2MPa from its original model when exposed to 20atm of pressure. The reduction of maximum strain was from 4.66×10⁻³ to 2.75×10⁻⁴ and the deformation of the cyclone body reduces to 0.217 compared to the original cyclone body at 20atm pressure. These research findings provide the information for further optimization through finite element technique without consuming a high production cost and time.