This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is a proven method for sustainability assessment. However, the interpretation phase of an LCSA is challenging because many different single results are obtained. Additionally, performing a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is one way—not only for LCSA—to gain clarity about how to interpret the results. One common form of MCDAs are outranking methods. For these type of methods it becomes of utmost importance to clarify when results become preferable. Thus, thresholds are commonly used to prevent decisions based on results that are actually indifferent between the analyzed options. In this paper, a new approach is presented to identify and quantify such thresholds for Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) based on uncertainty of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods. Common thresholds and this new approach are discussed using a case study on finding a preferred location for sustainable industrial hydrogen production, comparing three locations in European countries. The single LCSA results indicated different preferences for the environmental, economic and social assessment. The application of PROMETHEE helped to find a clear solution. The comparison of the newly-specified thresholds based on LCIA uncertainty with default thresholds provided important insights of how to interpret the LCSA results regarding industrial hydrogen production.
Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Setting Thresholds to Define Indifferences and Preferences in PROMETHEE for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of European Hydrogen Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7009 .
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Petra Zapp, Andrea Schreiber, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Setting Thresholds to Define Indifferences and Preferences in PROMETHEE for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of European Hydrogen Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. 2021. "Setting Thresholds to Define Indifferences and Preferences in PROMETHEE for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of European Hydrogen Production." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7009.
Green hydrogen for mobility represents an alternative to conventional fuel to decarbonize the transportation sector. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic properties make the transport and the storage of this energy carrier at standard conditions inefficient. Therefore, this study deploys a georeferenced optimal transport infrastructure for four base case scenarios in France and Germany that differs by production distribution based on wind power potential and demand capacities for the mobility sector at different penetration shares for 2030 and 2050. The restrained transport network to the road infrastructure allows focusing on the optimum combination of trucks operating at different states of aggregations and storage technologies and its impact on the annual cost and hydrogen flow using linear programming. Furthermore, four other scenarios with production cost investigate the impact of upstream supply chain cost, and eight scenarios with daily transport and storage optimization analyse the modeling method sensitivity. The results show that compressed hydrogen gas at a high presser level around 500 bar was, on average, a better option. However, at an early stage of hydrogen fuel penetration, substituting compressed gas at low to medium pressure levels by liquid organic hydrogen carrier minimizes the transport and storage costs. Finally, in France, hydrogen production matches population distribution, in contrast to Germany, which suffers from supply and demand disparity.
Amin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Didier Dalmazzone. Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios. Energies 2021, 14, 744 .
AMA StyleAmin Lahnaoui, Christina Wulf, Didier Dalmazzone. Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Didier Dalmazzone. 2021. "Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios." Energies 14, no. 3: 744.
In order to analyse long-term transformation pathways, energy system models generally focus on economical and technical characteristics. However, these models usually do not consider sustainability aspects such as environmental impacts. In contrast, life cycle assessment enables an extensive estimate of those impacts. Due to these complementary characteristics, the combination of energy system models and life cycle assessment thus allows comprehensive environmental sustainability assessments of technically and economically feasible energy system transformation pathways. We introduce FRITS, a FRamework for the assessment of environmental Impacts of Transformation Scenarios. FRITS links bottom-up energy system models with life cycle impact assessment indicators and quantifies the environmental impacts of transformation strategies of the entire energy system (power, heat, transport) over the transition period. We apply the framework to conduct an environmental assessment of multi-sectoral energy scenarios for Germany. Here, a ‘Target’ scenario reaching 80% reduction of energy-related direct CO2 emissions is compared with a ‘Reference’ scenario describing a less ambitious transformation pathway. The results show that compared to 2015 and the ‘Reference’ scenario, the ‘Target’ scenario performs better for most life cycle impact assessment indicators. However, the impacts of resource consumption and land use increase for the ‘Target’ scenario. These impacts are mainly caused by road passenger transport and biomass conversion.
Tobias Junne; Sonja Simon; Jens Buchgeister; Maximilian Saiger; Manuel Baumann; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Tobias Naegler. Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8225 .
AMA StyleTobias Junne, Sonja Simon, Jens Buchgeister, Maximilian Saiger, Manuel Baumann, Martina Haase, Christina Wulf, Tobias Naegler. Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTobias Junne; Sonja Simon; Jens Buchgeister; Maximilian Saiger; Manuel Baumann; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Tobias Naegler. 2020. "Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8225.
Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. Sustainability Assessment of Innovative Energy Technologies – Hydrogen from Wind Power as a Fuel for Mobility Applications. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 2020, N/A, 1 .
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Petra Zapp. Sustainability Assessment of Innovative Energy Technologies – Hydrogen from Wind Power as a Fuel for Mobility Applications. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 2020; N/A (N/A):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Petra Zapp. 2020. "Sustainability Assessment of Innovative Energy Technologies – Hydrogen from Wind Power as a Fuel for Mobility Applications." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems N/A, no. N/A: 1.
At the heart of most Power-to-X (PtX) concepts is the utilization of renewable electricity to produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of water. This hydrogen can be used directly as a final energy carrier or it can be converted into, for example, methane, synthesis gas, liquid fuels, electricity, or chemicals. Technical demonstration and systems integration are of major importance for integrating PtX into energy systems. As of June 2020, a total of 220 PtX research and demonstration projects in Europe have either been realized, completed, or are currently being planned. The central aim of this review is to identify and assess relevant projects in terms of their year of commissioning, location, electricity and carbon dioxide sources, applied technologies for electrolysis, capacity, type of hydrogen post-processing, and the targeted field of application. The latter aspect has changed over the years. At first, the targeted field of application was fuel production, for example for hydrogen buses, combined heat and power generation, and subsequent injection into the natural gas grid. Today, alongside fuel production, industrial applications are also important. Synthetic gaseous fuels are the focus of fuel production, while liquid fuel production is severely under-represented. Solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) represent a very small proportion of projects compared to polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and alkaline electrolyzers. This is also reflected by the difference in installed capacities. While alkaline electrolyzers are installed with capacities between 50 and 5000 kW (2019/20) and PEM electrolyzers between 100 and 6000 kW, SOECs have a capacity of 150 kW. France and Germany are undertaking the biggest efforts to develop PtX technologies compared to other European countries. On the whole, however, activities have progressed at a considerably faster rate than had been predicted just a couple of years ago.
Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber. Review of Power-to-X Demonstration Projects in Europe. Frontiers in Energy Research 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Petra Zapp, Andrea Schreiber. Review of Power-to-X Demonstration Projects in Europe. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber. 2020. "Review of Power-to-X Demonstration Projects in Europe." Frontiers in Energy Research 8, no. : 1.
Fuel cell electric vehicles promise to be a viable technical option for using surplus energy produced by renewables, and in turn, help the transport sector to reduce environmental impacts. However, the technology is still under development and, for some components, the environmental performance is uncertain, e.g. the hydrogen storage tank. Manufacturers produce hydrogen tanks consisting of carbon composite materials because of their mechanical properties. Yet, the production of carbon fibers involves complex and energy-intensive processes. Therefore, this study addresses a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and focuses on the manufacturing process of the hydrogen storage tank and carbon fibers needed for its production. This study suggests that the tank is important for climate change, ionizing radiation and fossil depletion, but less relevant for toxic-related environmental indicators. The evaluation of the future scenario suggested an improvement in the environmental performance of the tank, especially regarding climate change by 42 %, namely 5.5 t CO2-Eq versus 3.2 t CO2-Eq, and human toxicity by 67 %, namely 2.7 t 1, 4-DCB-Eq versus 0.9 t 1, 4-DCB-Eq per tank for current and future conditions, respectively. Finally, for a lifetime mileage of 150,000 km, the fuel cell electric vehicle is responsible for 15 kg CO2-Eq/100 km in the current scenario and 9 kg CO2-Eq/100 km in the future scenario, respectively.
Alicia Benitez; Christina Wulf; Andreas de Palmenaer; Michael Lengersdorf; Tim Röding; Thomas Grube; Martin Robinius; Detlef Stolten; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Ecological assessment of fuel cell electric vehicles with special focus on type IV carbon fiber hydrogen tank. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 278, 123277 .
AMA StyleAlicia Benitez, Christina Wulf, Andreas de Palmenaer, Michael Lengersdorf, Tim Röding, Thomas Grube, Martin Robinius, Detlef Stolten, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Ecological assessment of fuel cell electric vehicles with special focus on type IV carbon fiber hydrogen tank. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 278 ():123277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlicia Benitez; Christina Wulf; Andreas de Palmenaer; Michael Lengersdorf; Tim Röding; Thomas Grube; Martin Robinius; Detlef Stolten; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. 2020. "Ecological assessment of fuel cell electric vehicles with special focus on type IV carbon fiber hydrogen tank." Journal of Cleaner Production 278, no. : 123277.
Many different approaches have been developed to quantify and evaluate sustainability. Here a review is performed on sustainability assessment based on Life Cycle Thinking, which mostly means Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). Until the end of 2018, 258 publications can be found, from which 146 include a case study. The highest number of publications appeared between 2016 and 2018 and, compared to the years before 2016, the number of authors has increased. However, in recent years the focus has been more on case studies than on methodological aspects of LCSA. The presented holistic approaches for LCSA are either too broad or too narrow for scientific guidance. Therefore, many questions concerning LCSA are still open, e.g., regarding definition of sustainability dimensions and the desire or need for multi-criteria decision-analysis. An underlying problem is the lack of discussion about sustainability concepts. The momentum in the community to perform case studies for LCSA should be used to also develop more guiding principles.
Christina Wulf; Jasmin Werker; Christopher Ball; Petra Zapp; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Review of Sustainability Assessment Approaches Based on Life Cycles. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5717 .
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Jasmin Werker, Christopher Ball, Petra Zapp, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Review of Sustainability Assessment Approaches Based on Life Cycles. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Jasmin Werker; Christopher Ball; Petra Zapp; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. 2019. "Review of Sustainability Assessment Approaches Based on Life Cycles." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5717.
Jasmin Werker; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Josefine Marx. Social LCA for rare earth NdFeB permanent magnets. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2019, 19, 257 -269.
AMA StyleJasmin Werker, Christina Wulf, Petra Zapp, Andrea Schreiber, Josefine Marx. Social LCA for rare earth NdFeB permanent magnets. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2019; 19 ():257-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJasmin Werker; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Josefine Marx. 2019. "Social LCA for rare earth NdFeB permanent magnets." Sustainable Production and Consumption 19, no. : 257-269.
This paper presents a review of 32 Life Cycle Assessment studies on Power-to-X. Due to their multiplicity, different Power-to-X chains are compared and influencing factors on environmental impacts are identified. Besides technological specifications, methodological choices of the publications are assessed. The majority of studies consider Power-to-Gas or Power-to-Transport. Additionally, six publications assess Power-to-Power, Power-to-Liquids or Power-to-Chemicals. Climate change is the most analyzed environmental impact category. Further impacts are assessed in 14 publications. The electricity source and the methodological concept of carbon dioxide consideration are crucial drivers of environmental impacts. The review reveals a lack of transparency on technological as well as on methodological level. Specifications like the multi-functionality approach used or in case of Power-to-Transport chains the life time mileage of vehicles are missing in most publications and hinder their comparability.
Jan Christian Koj; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. Environmental impacts of power-to-X systems - A review of technological and methodological choices in Life Cycle Assessments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 112, 865 -879.
AMA StyleJan Christian Koj, Christina Wulf, Petra Zapp. Environmental impacts of power-to-X systems - A review of technological and methodological choices in Life Cycle Assessments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 112 ():865-879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Christian Koj; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. 2019. "Environmental impacts of power-to-X systems - A review of technological and methodological choices in Life Cycle Assessments." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 112, no. : 865-879.
Social impacts of novel technology can, parallel to environmental and economic consequences, influence its sustainability. By analyzing the case of hydrogen production by advanced alkaline water electrolysis (AEL) from a life cycle perspective, this paper illustrates the social implications of the manufacturing of the electrolyzer and hydrogen production when installed in Germany, Austria, and Spain. This paper complements previous environmental and economic assessments, which selected this set of countries based on their different structures in electricity production. The paper uses a mixed method design to analyze the social impact for the workers along the process chain. Appropriate indicators related to working conditions are selected on the basis of the UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The focus on workers is chosen as a first example to test the relatively new Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) database version 2.0. The results of the quantitative assessment are then complemented and compared through an investigation of the underlying raw data and a qualitative literature analysis. Overall, advanced AEL is found to have least social impact along the German process chain, followed by the Spanish and the Austrian. All three process chains show impacts on global upstream processes. In order to reduce social impact and ultimately contribute to Sustainable Development, policymakers and industry need to work together to further improve certain aspects of working conditions in different locations, particularly within global upstream processes.
Jasmin Werker; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. Working conditions in hydrogen production: A social life cycle assessment. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 23, 1052 -1061.
AMA StyleJasmin Werker, Christina Wulf, Petra Zapp. Working conditions in hydrogen production: A social life cycle assessment. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 23 (5):1052-1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJasmin Werker; Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. 2019. "Working conditions in hydrogen production: A social life cycle assessment." Journal of Industrial Ecology 23, no. 5: 1052-1061.
The use of hydrogen in road transportation is one of the promising alternatives to conventional fuel. However, the definition of an adequate cost-effective infrastructure is still the main barrier restraining its deployment. Therefore, this study aims to provide the minimum cost related to deploying hydrogen infrastructure based on the use of compressed gas trucks (CGT) at different pressure levels ranging from 250 to 540 bar. The levelized cost of transporting hydrogen (LCOTH) is first formulated as a function of the transported capacity and distance, and includes the costs related to compression, storage and road transportation. LCOTH is then minimized by optimizing the capacities transported by each CGT. LCOTH decreased with the transported capacity and increased with the trip distance. This cost varied from 2.7 €/kg to 0.45 €/kg with an additional peak of 0.6 €/kg around 350 km due to labour cost. Furthermore, the share of CGT at 540 bar increased with both distance and hydrogen demand from 15% below 100 km and one tonnes per day, to 99% above 100 km and 50 tonnes per day.
Amin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Heidi Heinrichs; Didier Dalmazzone. Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility via compressed hydrogen trucks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018, 44, 19302 -19312.
AMA StyleAmin Lahnaoui, Christina Wulf, Heidi Heinrichs, Didier Dalmazzone. Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility via compressed hydrogen trucks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018; 44 (35):19302-19312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Heidi Heinrichs; Didier Dalmazzone. 2018. "Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility via compressed hydrogen trucks." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 35: 19302-19312.
Core of the Power-to-Gas (PtG) concept is the utilization of renewable electricity to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis. This hydrogen can be used directly as final energy carrier or can be converted to e.g. methane, synthesis gas, liquid fuels, electricity or chemicals. To integrate PtG into energy systems technical demonstration and systems integration is of mayor importance. In total 128 PtG research and demonstration projects are realized or already finished in Europe to analyze these issues by May 2018. Key of the review is the identification and assessment of relevant projects regarding their field of application, applied processes and technologies for electrolysis, type of methanation, capacity, location and year of commissioning. So far, main application for PtX is the injection of hydrogen or methane into the natural gas grid for storing electricity from variable renewable energy sources. Producing fuels for transport is another important application of PtX. In future PtX gets more important for refineries to lower the carbon food print of the products.
Christina Wulf; Jochen Linßen; Petra Zapp. Review of Power-to-Gas Projects in Europe. Energy Procedia 2018, 155, 367 -378.
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Jochen Linßen, Petra Zapp. Review of Power-to-Gas Projects in Europe. Energy Procedia. 2018; 155 ():367-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Jochen Linßen; Petra Zapp. 2018. "Review of Power-to-Gas Projects in Europe." Energy Procedia 155, no. : 367-378.
Future energy systems with dominating shares of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources will be confronted with excess electricity generation. Power-to-Transport applications for passenger cars are a promising flexible consumer for utilisation of excess electricity instead of its curtailment. Goal of this article is to design and assess future Power-to-Transport chains with regard to their substitution potential of conventional passenger cars and accompanying environmental impacts. This analysis focuses on Germany in the year 2050 as one example for a future renewable dominated energy system. As technologies battery and fuel cell electric vehicles as well as synthetic natural gas vehicles with internal combustion engines are analysed. To guarantee fuel supply, energy storage options are taken into account. Results show that excess electricity input enables highest travelling distances for the battery electric vehicle. This trend continues in the results of the environmental performance of the Power-to-Transport chains. With the lowest environmental impacts in eleven out of 13 categories battery electric vehicles show the best environmental performance. Furthermore, a detailed assessment of contributions from individual stages of the Power-to-Transport chains to entire results revealed that the vehicle construction dominates the majority of impact categories.
Jan Christian Koj; Christina Wulf; Jochen Linssen; Andrea Schreiber; Petra Zapp. Utilisation of excess electricity in different Power-to-Transport chains and their environmental assessment. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 64, 23 -35.
AMA StyleJan Christian Koj, Christina Wulf, Jochen Linssen, Andrea Schreiber, Petra Zapp. Utilisation of excess electricity in different Power-to-Transport chains and their environmental assessment. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 64 ():23-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Christian Koj; Christina Wulf; Jochen Linssen; Andrea Schreiber; Petra Zapp. 2018. "Utilisation of excess electricity in different Power-to-Transport chains and their environmental assessment." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 64, no. : 23-35.
Implementing hydrogen as a transportation fuel in an environmentally sound way necessarily requires a sustainable concept for the provision of the hydrogen used as a fuel. However, there are various possibilities for generating hydrogen from renewable and fossil sources of energy. For example, hydrogen production from wind energy or solar radiation via electrolysis or from biogas via steam methane reforming are methods currently under discussion. However, there are many other provision chains, and the environmental performance of such chains is significantly influenced by their design, that is, the location and type of hydrogen production, the distances involved, and the pressure for hydrogen transportation. Therefore, the overall goal of this chapter is to assess different possible hydrogen supply chains for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a life cycle perspective. Additionally, the sensitivity of the GHG emissions to the design of the provision chain (e.g., transportation distances, location of the production facility) will be assessed. Different framework conditions, such as electricity or feedstock provision, are also analyzed. Based on these variations, promising hydrogen provision chains with minimized GHG emissions will be identified for the mobility sector.
Anne Rödl; Christina Wulf; Martin Kaltschmitt. Assessment of Selected Hydrogen Supply Chains—Factors Determining the Overall GHG Emissions. Hydrogen Supply Chains 2018, 81 -109.
AMA StyleAnne Rödl, Christina Wulf, Martin Kaltschmitt. Assessment of Selected Hydrogen Supply Chains—Factors Determining the Overall GHG Emissions. Hydrogen Supply Chains. 2018; ():81-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Rödl; Christina Wulf; Martin Kaltschmitt. 2018. "Assessment of Selected Hydrogen Supply Chains—Factors Determining the Overall GHG Emissions." Hydrogen Supply Chains , no. : 81-109.
This study develops a method to identify the minimum cost of establishing hydrogen infrastructure using a mono-objective linear optimization. It focuses on minimizing both the capital and operation costs of hydrogen transportation. This includes costs associated with the establishment of storage and compression facilities as well as transportation links. The overarching goal of the study is therefore to build a cost-efficient transportation network using compressed gas trucks for mobility and to apply it to the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia by 2050. It is assumed that hydrogen production will be established by 2050 and, based on excess electricity from wind energy in North Rhine-Westphalia and the surrounding areas, limited by the projected installed wind installed capacity by 2050. Hydrogen is then distributed as a compressed gas, depending on the hydrogen demand of a given year, for each NUTS 3 district of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2030 and 2050. The results show that the hydrogen demand on the region, which increases from 2030 to 2050, has an impact on how and at which flow hydrogen demand is transported from the production nodes to the different distribution hubs. In 2050, hydrogen is predominantly transported and stored between the storage nodes and the distribution hubs at a high-pressure level of 500 and 540 bar, whilst it is mainly transported at 250 and 350 bar in 2030. Production is predominantly found to be transported at high pressure for both years and located in the region in 2030, whereas imports from the south and north are required in 2050.
Amin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Heidi Heinrichs; Didier Dalmazzone. Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility by minimizing the cost of transportation via compressed gas truck in North Rhine-Westphalia. Applied Energy 2018, 223, 317 -328.
AMA StyleAmin Lahnaoui, Christina Wulf, Heidi Heinrichs, Didier Dalmazzone. Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility by minimizing the cost of transportation via compressed gas truck in North Rhine-Westphalia. Applied Energy. 2018; 223 ():317-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin Lahnaoui; Christina Wulf; Heidi Heinrichs; Didier Dalmazzone. 2018. "Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility by minimizing the cost of transportation via compressed gas truck in North Rhine-Westphalia." Applied Energy 223, no. : 317-328.
Renewably produced hydrogen offers a solution for mobility via fuel cell electric vehicles without emissions during driving. However, the hydrogen supply chain, from hydrogen production to the fueling station – incorporating seasonal storage and transport – varies in economic and environmental aspects depending on the technology used, as well as individual conditions, such as the distance between production and demand. Previous studies have focused on the economic aspects of varying technologies and elaborated application areas of each technology, while environmental issues were not specifically considered. To address this shortcoming, this paper presents a life cycle assessment of three supply chain architectures: (a) liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs hereinafter) for transport and storage; as well as (b) compressed hydrogen storage in salt caverns, together with pipelines; and (c) pressurized gas truck transport. The results of this study show that the pipeline solution has the least environmental impact with respect to most of the impact categories for all analyzed cases. Only for short distances, i.e., 100 km, is truck transport better in a few impact categories. When considering truck transport scenarios, LOHCs have higher environmental impacts than pressurized gas in seven out of 14 impact categories. Nevertheless, for longer distances, the difference is decreasing. The seasonal storage of hydrogen has almost no environmental influence, independent of the impact category, transport distance or hydrogen demand. In particular, strong scaling effects underlie the good performance of pipeline networks.
Christina Wulf; Markus Reuß; Thomas Grube; Petra Zapp; Martin Robinius; Jürgen-Friedrich Hake; Detlef Stolten. Life Cycle Assessment of hydrogen transport and distribution options. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 199, 431 -443.
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Markus Reuß, Thomas Grube, Petra Zapp, Martin Robinius, Jürgen-Friedrich Hake, Detlef Stolten. Life Cycle Assessment of hydrogen transport and distribution options. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 199 ():431-443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Markus Reuß; Thomas Grube; Petra Zapp; Martin Robinius; Jürgen-Friedrich Hake; Detlef Stolten. 2018. "Life Cycle Assessment of hydrogen transport and distribution options." Journal of Cleaner Production 199, no. : 431-443.
Christina Wulf; Petra Zapp. Assessment of system variations for hydrogen transport by liquid organic hydrogen carriers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018, 43, 11884 -11895.
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Petra Zapp. Assessment of system variations for hydrogen transport by liquid organic hydrogen carriers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018; 43 (26):11884-11895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Petra Zapp. 2018. "Assessment of system variations for hydrogen transport by liquid organic hydrogen carriers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 26: 11884-11895.
Hydrogen mobility is one option for reducing local emissions, avoiding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and moving away from a mainly oil-based transport system towards a diversification of energy sources. As hydrogen production can be based on a broad variety of technologies already existing or under development, a comprehensive assessment of the different supply chains is necessary regarding not only costs but also diverse environmental impacts. Therefore, in this paper, a broad variety of hydrogen production technologies using different energy sources, renewable and fossil, are exemplarily assessed with the help of a Life Cycle Assessment and a cost assessment for Germany. As environmental impacts, along with the impact category Climate change, five more advanced impact categories are assessed. The results show that from an environmental point of view, PEM and alkaline electrolysis are characterized by the lowest results in five out of six impact categories. Supply chains using fossil fuels, in contrast, have the lowest supply costs; this is true, e.g., for steam methane reforming. Solar powered hydrogen production shows low impacts during hydrogen production but high impacts for transport and distribution to Germany. There is no single supply chain that is the most promising for every aspect assessed here. Either costs have to be lowered further or supply chains with selected environmental impacts have to be modified.
Christina Wulf; Martin Kaltschmitt. Hydrogen Supply Chains for Mobility—Environmental and Economic Assessment. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1699 .
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Martin Kaltschmitt. Hydrogen Supply Chains for Mobility—Environmental and Economic Assessment. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Martin Kaltschmitt. 2018. "Hydrogen Supply Chains for Mobility—Environmental and Economic Assessment." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1699.
Peter Stenzel; Andrea Schreiber; Josefine Marx; Christina Wulf; Michael Schreieder; Lars Stephan. Environmental impacts of electricity generation for Graciosa Island, Azores. Journal of Energy Storage 2018, 15, 292 -303.
AMA StylePeter Stenzel, Andrea Schreiber, Josefine Marx, Christina Wulf, Michael Schreieder, Lars Stephan. Environmental impacts of electricity generation for Graciosa Island, Azores. Journal of Energy Storage. 2018; 15 ():292-303.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Stenzel; Andrea Schreiber; Josefine Marx; Christina Wulf; Michael Schreieder; Lars Stephan. 2018. "Environmental impacts of electricity generation for Graciosa Island, Azores." Journal of Energy Storage 15, no. : 292-303.
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) emerged as a methodology allowing a detailed representation of technologies in their processes from a life cycle perspective. To conduct a profound LCSA a plausible indicator selection is needed. From a Sustainability perspective, the currently dominant political framework is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. In this paper, LCSA indicators are selected based on the SDGs, comparing in a first approach the implication due to the selection based on overall goals and SDG indicators level. The applicability of this selection is tested by a case study of electrolytic hydrogen production. The analysis shows meaningful differences between the goal-based and the indicator-based assessment. Only the goal-based indicator set comprises all dimensions of sustainability.
Christina Wulf; Jasmin Werker; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Holger Schlör; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Sustainable Development Goals as a Guideline for Indicator Selection in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. Procedia CIRP 2018, 69, 59 -65.
AMA StyleChristina Wulf, Jasmin Werker, Petra Zapp, Andrea Schreiber, Holger Schlör, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. Sustainable Development Goals as a Guideline for Indicator Selection in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. Procedia CIRP. 2018; 69 ():59-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristina Wulf; Jasmin Werker; Petra Zapp; Andrea Schreiber; Holger Schlör; Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. 2018. "Sustainable Development Goals as a Guideline for Indicator Selection in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment." Procedia CIRP 69, no. : 59-65.