The environmental issues caused by solid waste have become increasingly serious. Adding additive is considered as an effective measure to improve the performance of the cemented soil. Therefore, the feasibility study of solid waste such as red mud and desulfurization gypsum used in composite cemented soil is in urgent demand. In this study, the mechanical properties and durability to freezing‐thawing cycle of red mud‐calcium‐based composite cemented soil (RMCC) were analyzed through compressive strength test, resistivity test, and freezing‐thawing cycle test. The action mechanism of RMCC was revealed through a series of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) test. The results show that the optimal red mud content in RMCC is 12%. As the freezing‐thawing cycle progresses, the difference in resistivity and pressure sensitivity of RMCC gradually weakens. When the freezing‐thawing cycle reaches 7, the pressure sensitivity characteristic of RMCC is lost. The change in resistivity and pressure sensitivity can be used to characterize the damage caused by the freezing‐thawing cycle. Combined with XRD and SEM analysis, the presence of minerals such as K₂Ca₅(SO₄)₆·H₂O and (Ca, Na)₂(Si, Al)₅O₁₀·3H₂O play a key role in fixation of alkali metal elements, and the coordination of CSH gel cementation effect and AFt filling effect has a significant impact on mechanical properties. The study provides an effective way to the utilization of red mud and desulfurization gypsum in subgrade strengthening.

The mountain areas of southwest China are widely covered with loose fractured rock bodies, which are prone to large-scale landslides under seismic action. It is known that the response of the acceleration amplification factor field is closely related to the seismic damage state of the overburden. In order to study the dynamic response and damage mechanism of overburden layer slopes under seismic action, a deep base-covered slope model containing two layers of stacks is used as a prototype in this study, and a series of shaking-table modeling experiments of progressive damage of earthquake-induced slopes are carried out. The cumulative seismic damage deformation process of the slope overburden was identified based on embedded sensors and Particle Image Velocimetry technology, and the energy transfer mechanism of the process was revealed by Hilbert Huang transform. The results show that the non-coherent motion (vibration frequency difference) between the shallow overburden layer-thick overburden layer-bedrock layer is the main controlling factor inducing the slope landslide, and the damage form of the deep overburden slope manifests itself in the form of the trailing edge sliding and extruding the central shear out. The damage starts from the back edge of the slope with increasing seismic intensity and gradually moves toward the middle to lower part of the slope, while extending from the surface to the deeper part of the slope.