The direct laser deposition (DLD) process has seen rigorous research in the past two decades due to its ability to directly manufacture products followed by minimal machining. The process input variables play a vital role in determining the properties achieved in the products manufactured by the DLD method. Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy with exceptional mechanical performance and corrosion resistance, has been used in critical applications within the aerospace, process, and marine industry. However, its poor machinability and higher load requirements for plastic deformation have been challenging for manufacturers. Therefore, many studies have explored the additive manufacturing of Inconel 625 to overcome these problems. This article focuses on the DLD of Inconel 625 and its composites, presenting the state-of-the-art, drawing a relation among laser processing parameters and resulting material properties, microstructure and phase evolution, and the high-temperature performance of DLD Inconel 625. The paper highlights the areas on which further studies may focus.

In the evolving landscape of power transformers, the integration of advanced technologies, such as high-performance polymers obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is crucial. This study investigates the compatibility and performance of various 3D-printed polymer materials—Biofila, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyphenylene Sulfone (PPSU), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (ULTEM 1010), and polyetheretherketone reinforced with 20% glass fiber (PEEK-GF20) for use in power transformer components. Through oil compatibility, dielectric strength, and kerosene compatibility evaluations, the study gauges their suitability for this application. The results reveal that PPSU, PEEK, and ULTEM 1010 exhibit promising characteristics, specifically in regard to dielectric breakdown voltage and kerosene and insulating oil compatibility. In contrast, Biofila presented severe cracking when exposed to the mineral oil and PVDF and PEEK-GF20 fall short in terms of dielectric strength, rendering them unsuitable. Kerosene compatibility assessments show minimal material changes, confirming that all studied materials have good resistance to this drying agent, commonly used on power transformers. This research aims to provides essential insights into material selection for a new generation of power transformer parts.