This research was conducted to determine the connections between dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate index (CODMn), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-H) across five reservoirs of Yunmeng County, China, from January to November 2022. Each month, water samples were collected and subjected to analysis using standard methods. The samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods: dissolved oxygen was determined using the electrochemical probe method, COD was measured via the rapid digestion spectrophotometric method, CODMn was detected using the potassium permanganate oxidation method, BOD₅ was determined using the dilution and inoculation method, and NH₃-N was measured by using the Nessler reagent spectrophotometry method. The results confirmed strong positive correlations between COD and CODMn, with different intensities from reservoir to reservoir. More specific and demanding COD parameters were used to estimate the level of oxygen consumption; hence, a more variable correlation strength was observed between BOD₅ and the other two parameters. Thus, BOD₅ was found to be the main indicator of biodegradable organic matter and bacterial oxygen consumption. However, the results were negative, showing a decreasing trend. This means that the oxygen content was lower in the majority of reservoirs, which is attributed to the decomposition of ammonia nitrogen and the presence of organic matter. These findings significantly contribute to the development of appropriate programs for efficient water quality monitoring and the development of reservoir-specific management strategies. This study suggests that there is a need for continuous monitoring of these parameters, together with the extension of the program to additional reservoirs and water quality indicators, along with the use of advanced modeling techniques to clarify the underlying factors that connect water quality parameters in these complex reservoir ecosystems.

Urban lake wetlands play an essential role in providing ecological services, promoting urban sustainability, and enhancing the quality of urban life. This study quantitatively assesses the ecosystem services value (ESV) of the Zhangdu, East, and Ziyang urban lake wetlands in Wuhan, China, based on primary survey data and methodologies, including the market price, shadow engineering, and travel cost methods. The ESV is categorized into direct use value (DUV), indirect use value (IUV), and non-use value (NUV). Our findings reveal that the non-use value proportion is significant, amounting to 1.569 × 10⁸ CNY × yr⁻¹ for Zhangdu Lake, 1.527 × 10⁸ CNY × yr⁻¹ for East Lake, and 1.060 × 10⁸ CNY × yr⁻¹ for Ziyang Lake. This indicates a high willingness to pay among respondents, reflecting a recognition of the value of wetland services. In addition to the non-use value, this study underscores the considerable material production, water conservation, and leisure tourism value that these urban lake wetlands provide. The assessment of ESV delivers a scientific basis for the management and protection of urban lake wetlands. It also highlights the challenges faced, such as pollution and fragmented management approaches due to unclear property rights and insufficient funding. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for future research to explore mechanisms that promote social participation in wetland management, with the aim of enhancing the overall ecological health of urban lake wetlands.

Drawing on team creativity literature and social comparison theory, we investigate how leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation influences team creativity. Using a survey based on 91 R&D teams from Chinese companies, we observe that LMX differentiation is negatively related to team creativity (β = −0.35,p< 0.01). More importantly, we demonstrate that team behavioral integration mediates the relationship between LMX differentiation and team creativity (indirect effect size = −0.72, with 95% CI of −1.91, −0.13), and team emotional intelligence (TEI) moderates the relationship between LMX differentiation and team behavioral integration (β = 0.23,p< 0.05), such that LMX differentiation has a weaker negative influence on team behavioral integration when TEI is higher. These results provide relevant suggestions for organizational team building, management, and development.

Groundwater pollution in landfill-adjacent regions presents a critical environmental and public health issue. This study evaluates groundwater quality in Xiangyang City, focusing on drinking water sources and key pollution points near landfill sites. The investigation involved a comprehensive field survey, systematic sampling, and laboratory analysis to determine pollutant types, sources, and concentrations. A total of 13 landfill sites were examined, with 178 groundwater samples analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological indicators during both wet and dry seasons. The findings reveal that 27.0% of groundwater samples meet Class I standards, while 46.1% and 27.0% fall into Class IV and V categories, respectively, indicating a significant prevalence of poor-quality groundwater. Seasonal variations were observed, with both wet and dry seasons showing consistent distributions of Class I, IV, and V samples. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, along with organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides (e.g., hexachlorobenzene), were significant contaminants in several sites. Key indicators such as nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and total hardness consistently exceeded standard limits, with the most affected sites including L4 and L5 in Xiangyang. This study identifies leachate infiltration as the primary cause of pollution, exacerbated by geological and agricultural non-point sources. Based on these findings, a robust framework for monitoring and controlling groundwater pollution is proposed, emphasizing stricter regulations, advanced monitoring systems, and cross-regional coordination. The results underscore the urgency of immediate intervention to safeguard groundwater quality in landfill-adjacent regions.

Crystal twinning, a common growth phenomenon, can substantially affect material performance in fields such as semiconductors, nonlinear optics, and drug development, yet its elimination during crystallization is challenging. This study presents a method for the controlled synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite as either single crystals or twinned crystals using kaolin as the primary raw material. The method leverages the etching effect of ammonium fluoride (NH${⁠}_4$F) on the aluminosilicate structure derived from pre-treated kaolin. By adjusting the concentrations of NH${⁠}_4$F and the structure-directing agent tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), pure ZSM-5 single crystals and twinned crystals were selectively synthesized. Conventionally, NH${⁠}_4$F is employed to introduce defects into zeolite structures. In contrast, this work demonstrates its utility in controlling crystal habit. The synthesis utilizes kaolin, an abundant and low-cost aluminosilicate mineral, to provide the entire aluminum source and a portion of the silicon source, offering an economical alternative to expensive precursors like aluminum isopropoxide. The resulting single and twinned crystals exhibited high crystallinity, demonstrating the viability of using natural minerals to produce high-quality zeolites. The physical and chemical properties of the kaolin-derived ZSM-5 were characterized and compared to those of ZSM-5 synthesized from conventional chemical reagents. A growth mechanism for the formation of single and twinned crystals is also proposed.