A model of electric residential end-use is proposed for establishing the load diagram of an area by a process of synthesis. The model follows a `bottom-up' approach, allowing construction of the relative load shape of the area, starting from knowledge of its most relevant socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, Unitary Energy Consumption (UEC) and the load profiles of individual household appliances. Several probability functions have been introduced in order to cover the close relationship existing between the demand of residential customers and the psychological and behavioral factors typical of the household; the model makes frequent use of the latter through a Monte-Carlo extraction process. The model has been applied for the simulation of a residential area where field measurements of power demand had been made at 15-minute intervals and a combined-mail survey had been conducted to investigate household energy usage. The paper reports the results of a comparison between recorded and predicted load profiles

The paper deals with the research activity conducted in order to determine the impact of regenerative braking techniques adopted on board of trains operating in subway electrified systems. Even though systems adopting this technique are very diffuse world wide, experimental results demonstrating the impact on energy consumption are rarely made available for the scientific community. The paper reports the results of an extensive experimental activity conducted on an electrified subway line in Rome, in order to estimate the energy saving due to the techniques above mentioned. Since the monitoring activity of the system demand in absence of regenerative braking had to be limited to the traffic peak hours of only two subsequent days, an available model, being able to simulate the instantaneous demand profile of DC electrified subway power systems, has been used in order to extend the numerical evaluations based on the experimental activity to a whole day of operatio

The paper reports an overview of main issues related to hosting capacity and harmonic disturbances caused by EV penetration in a Smart Grid, taking into account renewable energy sources and energy storage systems as well as non-linear loads. A new mixed deterministic and probabilistic method based on algorithms and new control strategies, able to perform EVs charging controls, is presented. The methodology shows as it is possible to achieve high levels of power quality thanks to a pre-evaluation of harmonic disturbance. Studies on real networks are reported in order to carry out indices able to define a preliminary assessment of the network hosting capacity. Suggestions and guidelines about the management of EVs charging stations are proposed and discussed in order to properly integrate them in a smart grid concept.