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Following electrification of automotive transport, studies on the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) are widespread, especially in defined contexts. As major transport hubs, airports fall within contexts worthy of interest. In this work, a forecast of the demand for electric mobility in an Italian international airport (Rome–Fiumicino) is presented. The main goal of the research is to build up a methodology that allows evaluating the penetration index of EVs that will access the airport parks in 2025 and 2030, to be able to have a preliminary assessment of the number of charging points necessary for serving them. In the paper, first, a wide review of proposed scenarios on the penetration of EVs at international and national level and available data on local automotive transport are presented, as a preliminary study for the definition of reference scenarios for the local context. Then, the proposed methodology is presented and applied to the specific case study. Finally, a preliminary sizing of the required charging infrastructure is reported. The results show that a significant impact on the airport electricity network can be foreseen, and it requires proper planning of adaptation/upgrading actions. The proposed approach can be considered as a reference for similar studies on electrical mobility in other airport areas around the world.
Romano Alberto Acri; Silvia Barone; Paolo Cambula; Valter Cecchini; Maria Carmen Falvo; Jacopo Lepore; Matteo Manganelli; Federico Santi. Forecast of the Demand for Electric Mobility for Rome–Fiumicino International Airport. Energies 2021, 14, 5251 .
AMA StyleRomano Alberto Acri, Silvia Barone, Paolo Cambula, Valter Cecchini, Maria Carmen Falvo, Jacopo Lepore, Matteo Manganelli, Federico Santi. Forecast of the Demand for Electric Mobility for Rome–Fiumicino International Airport. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomano Alberto Acri; Silvia Barone; Paolo Cambula; Valter Cecchini; Maria Carmen Falvo; Jacopo Lepore; Matteo Manganelli; Federico Santi. 2021. "Forecast of the Demand for Electric Mobility for Rome–Fiumicino International Airport." Energies 14, no. 17: 5251.
Following electrification of automotive transport, studies on the penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are widespread, especially in defined contexts, e.g. cities. As major transport hubs, airports fall within contexts worth of interest. In this work, a forecast of the demand for electric mobility in an Italian international airport (Rome, Fiumicino) is presented. First, a wide review of proposed sce-narios on the penetration of EVs at international and national level and available data on local automotive transport are presented, as preliminary study for the definition of reference scenarios for the local context. Then the methodology proposed is presented and applied to the specific case study. Finally, a preliminary sizing of the required charging infrastructure is reported. The proposed approach can be considered as reference for similar studies on electrical mobility in other airport areas around the world.
Romano Alberto Acri; Silvia Barone; Paolo Cambula; Valter Cecchini; Maria Carmen Falvo; Jacopo Lepore; Matteo Manganelli; Federico Santi. Forecast of the demand for electric mobility for Rome-Fiumicino International Airport. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRomano Alberto Acri, Silvia Barone, Paolo Cambula, Valter Cecchini, Maria Carmen Falvo, Jacopo Lepore, Matteo Manganelli, Federico Santi. Forecast of the demand for electric mobility for Rome-Fiumicino International Airport. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomano Alberto Acri; Silvia Barone; Paolo Cambula; Valter Cecchini; Maria Carmen Falvo; Jacopo Lepore; Matteo Manganelli; Federico Santi. 2021. "Forecast of the demand for electric mobility for Rome-Fiumicino International Airport." , no. : 1.
The realization of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility is one of the key milestones of the European Roadmap, aiming to explore alternative power exhaust solutions for DEMO, the first nuclear-fusion power plant that will be connected to the European grid. For the actual implementation of the DTT and DEMO plants, it is necessary to define the structure of the internal electric power distribution system, able to supply unconventional loads with a sufficient level of reliability. The present paper reports the preliminary studies for the feasibility and realization of the electrical power systems of DTT, describing the methodology adopted to obtain a first distribution configuration and providing some simulation results. In particular, the first stage of the study deals with the survey and characterization of the electrical loads, which allows defining a general layout of the facility and size the main electrical components. To verify the correctness of the assumptions, simulation models of the grid were implemented in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software in order to carry out power flow and fault analyses.
Marzia Caldora; Maria Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi; Gianluca Marelli. Preliminary Design of the Electrical Power Systems for DTT Nuclear Fusion Plant. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5446 .
AMA StyleMarzia Caldora, Maria Falvo, Alessandro Lampasi, Gianluca Marelli. Preliminary Design of the Electrical Power Systems for DTT Nuclear Fusion Plant. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzia Caldora; Maria Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi; Gianluca Marelli. 2021. "Preliminary Design of the Electrical Power Systems for DTT Nuclear Fusion Plant." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5446.
The decarbonization of the electrical energy sector is in progress for contrasting the climate changes, with a relevant increase of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants, mostly in Dispersed Generation (DG). The adequacy and the security of power systems, with a huge penetration of RES in DG is possible with a suitable integration of energy storage. In fact, energy storages are able to provide many different services for long-term adequacy and real time security. In this framework the present paper deals with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) proposed for power system services. The technology presented is made up of modules containing a bed of fluidizable solid particles, which can store thermal energy from waste heat, process heat and/or from electricity. Stored thermal energy can be released, e.g. as superheated steam, for thermal uses or converted into electricity, by means of steam turbines. Some possible applications are then reported explaining advantages and limits.
Romano Acri; Fulvio Bassetti; Maria Carmen Falvo; Letizia Magaldi; Matteo Manganelli; Lorenzo Romagnoli; Federico Santi. A New Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Power System Services. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRomano Acri, Fulvio Bassetti, Maria Carmen Falvo, Letizia Magaldi, Matteo Manganelli, Lorenzo Romagnoli, Federico Santi. A New Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Power System Services. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomano Acri; Fulvio Bassetti; Maria Carmen Falvo; Letizia Magaldi; Matteo Manganelli; Lorenzo Romagnoli; Federico Santi. 2021. "A New Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Power System Services." , no. : 1.
Over the last years, power systems around the globe experienced deep changes in their operation, mainly induced by the widespread of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). These changes involved a review of market and operational rules, in the direction of a stronger integration. At European level, this integration is in progress, driven by the new European guidelines and network codes, which deal with multiple issues, from market design to operational security. In this framework, the project TERRE (Trans European Replacement Reserve Exchange) is aimed at the realization of a European central platform, called LIBRA, for the exchange of balancing resources and, in particular, for the activation of the procured Replacement Reserve (RR) resources. The Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), TERNA, is a participant of the project and it is testing new methodologies for the sizing of RR and its required activation throughout the TERRE process. The aim of the new methodologies is to find areas of potential improvement in the sizing of RR requirements and activation, which open up the possibility for a reduction of the procurement cost, without endangering the security of the power system. This paper describes a new RR sizing methodology, proposed by TERNA, which is based on a persistence method, showing its results on real data and highlighting key advantages and potential limitations of this approach. In order to overcome these limitations, a literature review on alternative approaches has been carried out, identifying nowcasting techniques as a relevant alternative for the very short term forecast horizon. These one could be further investigated and tested in the future, using the proposed persistence method as a benchmark.
Mauro Caprabianca; Maria Carmen Falvo; Lorenzo Papi; Lucrezia Promutico; Viviana Rossetti; Federico Quaglia. Replacement Reserve for the Italian Power System and Electricity Market. Energies 2020, 13, 2916 .
AMA StyleMauro Caprabianca, Maria Carmen Falvo, Lorenzo Papi, Lucrezia Promutico, Viviana Rossetti, Federico Quaglia. Replacement Reserve for the Italian Power System and Electricity Market. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2916.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Caprabianca; Maria Carmen Falvo; Lorenzo Papi; Lucrezia Promutico; Viviana Rossetti; Federico Quaglia. 2020. "Replacement Reserve for the Italian Power System and Electricity Market." Energies 13, no. 11: 2916.
The present paper is a review on efficiency issues related to three important sectors of the transportation systems: railways, electrical vehicles, and marine. For the three sectors, the authors, in reference of their knowledge and research area, show the results of a wide literature analysis, in order to highlight which are the measures, in terms of technological solutions and management techniques, which are recently investigated and implemented, for improving the three transportation systems, from the point of view of efficiency. In particular, for the railway transportation sector, a wide analysis is presented, detecting which are the main measures adopted for improving the efficiency, related to the power systems for supplying trains and to the train traffic control, with a focus on the storage system integration. For electric road vehicles the analysis is focused on the plug-in electrical vehicles and on the infrastructure for their recharge, with an emphasis on how these vehicles can support the grid, e.g., through Vehicle to Grid (V2G) applications. Finally, for the marine transport service the review is related to the propulsion systems and on how the different solutions can meet the objective of efficiency.
Morris Brenna; Vittorio Bucci; Maria Carmen Falvo; Federica Foiadelli; Alessandro Ruvio; Giorgio Sulligoi; Andrea Vicenzutti. A Review on Energy Efficiency in Three Transportation Sectors: Railways, Electrical Vehicles and Marine. Energies 2020, 13, 2378 .
AMA StyleMorris Brenna, Vittorio Bucci, Maria Carmen Falvo, Federica Foiadelli, Alessandro Ruvio, Giorgio Sulligoi, Andrea Vicenzutti. A Review on Energy Efficiency in Three Transportation Sectors: Railways, Electrical Vehicles and Marine. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorris Brenna; Vittorio Bucci; Maria Carmen Falvo; Federica Foiadelli; Alessandro Ruvio; Giorgio Sulligoi; Andrea Vicenzutti. 2020. "A Review on Energy Efficiency in Three Transportation Sectors: Railways, Electrical Vehicles and Marine." Energies 13, no. 9: 2378.
EU-DEMO is a European project, having the ambitious goal to be the first demonstrative power plant based on nuclear fusion. The electrical power that is expected to be produced is in the order of 700–800 MW, to be delivered via a connection to the European High Voltage electrical grid. The initiation and control of fusion processes, besides the problems related to the nuclear physics, need very complex electrical systems. Moreover, also the conversion of the output power is not trivial, especially because of the inherent discontinuity in the EU-DEMO operations. The present article concerns preliminary studies for the feasibility and realization of the nuclear fusion power plant EU-DEMO, with a special focus on the power electrical systems. In particular, the first stage of the study deals with the survey and analysis of the electrical loads, starting from the steady-state loads. Their impact is so relevant that could jeopardy the efficiency and the convenience of the plant itself. Afterwards, the loads are inserted into a preliminary internal distribution grid, sizing the main electrical components to carry out the power flow analysis, which is based on simulation models implemented in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.
Simone Minucci; Stefano Panella; Sergio Ciattaglia; Maria Carmen Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi. Electrical Loads and Power Systems for the DEMO Nuclear Fusion Project. Energies 2020, 13, 2269 .
AMA StyleSimone Minucci, Stefano Panella, Sergio Ciattaglia, Maria Carmen Falvo, Alessandro Lampasi. Electrical Loads and Power Systems for the DEMO Nuclear Fusion Project. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Minucci; Stefano Panella; Sergio Ciattaglia; Maria Carmen Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi. 2020. "Electrical Loads and Power Systems for the DEMO Nuclear Fusion Project." Energies 13, no. 9: 2269.
Towards the middle of the current century, the DEMOnstration power plant, DEMO, will start operating as the first nuclear fusion reactor capable of supplying its own loads and of providing electrical power to the European electrical grid. The presence of such a unique and peculiar facility in the European transmission system involves many issues that have to be faced in the project phase. This work represents the first study linking the operation of the nuclear fusion power plant DEMO to the actual requirements for its correct functioning as a facility connected to the power systems. In order to build this link, the present work reports the analysis of the requirements that this unconventional power-generating facility should fulfill for the proper connection and operation in the European electrical grid. Through this analysis, the study reaches its main objectives, which are the definition of the limitations of the current design choices in terms of power-generating capability and the preliminary evaluation of advantages and disadvantages that the possible configurations for the connection of the facility to the European electrical grid can have. In reference to the second objective, the work makes possible a first attempt at defining the features of the point of connection to the European grid, whose knowledge will be useful in the future, for the choice of the real construction site.
Sergio Ciattaglia; Maria Carmen Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi; Matteo Proietti Cosimi. Energy Analysis for the Connection of the Nuclear Reactor DEMO to the European Electrical Grid. Energies 2020, 13, 2157 .
AMA StyleSergio Ciattaglia, Maria Carmen Falvo, Alessandro Lampasi, Matteo Proietti Cosimi. Energy Analysis for the Connection of the Nuclear Reactor DEMO to the European Electrical Grid. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Ciattaglia; Maria Carmen Falvo; Alessandro Lampasi; Matteo Proietti Cosimi. 2020. "Energy Analysis for the Connection of the Nuclear Reactor DEMO to the European Electrical Grid." Energies 13, no. 9: 2157.
Eco-driving is one of the most important strategies for significantly reducing the energy consumption of railways with low investments. It consists of designing a way of driving a train to fulfil a target running time, consuming the minimum amount of energy. Most eco-driving energy savings come from the substitution of some braking periods with coasting periods. Nowadays, modern trains can use regenerative braking to recover the kinetic energy during deceleration phases. Therefore, if the receptivity of the railway system to regenerate energy is high, a question arises: is it worth designing eco-driving speed profiles? This paper assesses the energy benefits that eco-driving can provide in different scenarios to answer this question. Eco-driving is obtained by means of a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, combined with a detailed train simulator, to obtain realistic results. Eco-driving speed profiles are compared with a standard driving that performs the same running time. Real data from Spanish high-speed lines have been used to analyze the results in two case studies. Stretches fed by 1 × 25 kV and 2 × 25 kV AC power supply systems have been considered, as they present high receptivity to regenerate energy. Furthermore, the variations of the two most important factors that affect the regenerative energy usage have been studied: train motors efficiency ratio and catenary resistance. Results indicate that the greater the catenary resistance, the more advantageous eco-driving is. Similarly, the lower the motor efficiency, the greater the energy savings provided by efficient driving. Despite the differences observed in energy savings, the main conclusion is that eco-driving always provides significant energy savings, even in the case of the most receptive power supply network. Therefore, this paper has demonstrated that efforts in improving regenerated energy usage must not neglect the role of eco-driving in railway efficiency.
Alejandro Cunillera; Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez; Asunción P. Cucala; Antonio Fernández-Cardador; Maria Carmen Falvo. Assessment of the Worthwhileness of Efficient Driving in Railway Systems with High-Receptivity Power Supplies. Energies 2020, 13, 1836 .
AMA StyleAlejandro Cunillera, Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez, Asunción P. Cucala, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, Maria Carmen Falvo. Assessment of the Worthwhileness of Efficient Driving in Railway Systems with High-Receptivity Power Supplies. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Cunillera; Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez; Asunción P. Cucala; Antonio Fernández-Cardador; Maria Carmen Falvo. 2020. "Assessment of the Worthwhileness of Efficient Driving in Railway Systems with High-Receptivity Power Supplies." Energies 13, no. 7: 1836.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming one of the main answers to the decarbonization of the transport sector and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the decarbonization of the electricity production sector. Nevertheless, their impact on the electric grids cannot be neglected. New paradigms for the management of the grids where they are connected, which are typically distribution grids in Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV), are necessary. A reform of dispatching rules, including the management of distribution grids and the resources there connected, is in progress in Europe. In this paper, a new paradigm linked to the design of reform is proposed and then tested, in reference to a real distribution grid, operated by the main Italian Distribution System Operator (DSO), e-distribuzione. First, in reference to suitable future scenarios of spread of RES-based power plants and EVs charging stations (EVCS), using Power Flow (PF) models, a check of the operation of the distribution grid, in reference to the usual rules of management, is made. Second, a new dispatching model, involving DSO and the resources connected to its grids, is tested, using an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm. Results show that the new paradigm of dispatching can effectively be useful for preventing some operation problems of the distribution grids.
Fabio Cazzato; Marco Di Clerico; Maria Carmen Falvo; Simone Ferrero; Marco Vivian. New Dispatching Paradigm in Power Systems Including EV Charging Stations and Dispersed Generation: A Real Test Case. Energies 2020, 13, 944 .
AMA StyleFabio Cazzato, Marco Di Clerico, Maria Carmen Falvo, Simone Ferrero, Marco Vivian. New Dispatching Paradigm in Power Systems Including EV Charging Stations and Dispersed Generation: A Real Test Case. Energies. 2020; 13 (4):944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Cazzato; Marco Di Clerico; Maria Carmen Falvo; Simone Ferrero; Marco Vivian. 2020. "New Dispatching Paradigm in Power Systems Including EV Charging Stations and Dispersed Generation: A Real Test Case." Energies 13, no. 4: 944.
Transport is a main source of pollutants in cities, where air quality is a major concern. New transport technologies, such as electric vehicles, and public transport modalities, such as urban railways, have arisen as solutions to this important problem. One of the main difficulties for the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers is the scarcity of a suitable charging infrastructure. The use of the railway power supplies to charge electric vehicle batteries could facilitate the deployment of charging infrastructure in cities. It would reduce the cost because of the use of an existing installation. Furthermore, electric vehicles can use braking energy from trains that was previously wasted in rheostats. This paper presents the results of a collaboration between research teams from University of Rome Sapienza and Comillas Pontifical University. In this work, two real European cases are studied: an Italian metro line and a Spanish metro line. The energy performance of these metro lines and their capacity to charge electric vehicles have been studied by means of detailed simulation tools. Their results have shown that the use of regenerated energy is 98% for short interval of trains in both cases. However, the use of regenerated energy decreases as the train intervals grow. In a daily operation, an important amount of regenerated energy is wasted in the Italian and Spanish case. Using this energy, a significant number of electric vehicles could be charged every day.
Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez; Antonio Fernández-Cardador; Asunción Paloma Cucala; Maria Carmen Falvo. Energy Efficiency and Integration of Urban Electrical Transport Systems: EVs and Metro-Trains of Two Real European Lines. Energies 2019, 12, 366 .
AMA StyleAdrián Fernández-Rodríguez, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, Asunción Paloma Cucala, Maria Carmen Falvo. Energy Efficiency and Integration of Urban Electrical Transport Systems: EVs and Metro-Trains of Two Real European Lines. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdrián Fernández-Rodríguez; Antonio Fernández-Cardador; Asunción Paloma Cucala; Maria Carmen Falvo. 2019. "Energy Efficiency and Integration of Urban Electrical Transport Systems: EVs and Metro-Trains of Two Real European Lines." Energies 12, no. 3: 366.
In order to improve power system operation, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) have been installed in high voltage/medium voltage stations by Distribution System Operators (DSOs) around the world. Support for restoration of MV distribution networks after a blackout or HV interruption is among the possible new functionalities of BESSs. With the aim to improve quality of service, the present paper investigates whether a BESS, installed in the HV/MV substation, can improve the restoration process indicators of a distribution grid. As a case study, an actual active distribution network of e-distribuzione, the main Italian DSO, has been explored. The existing network is located in central Italy. It supplies two municipalities of approximately 10,000 inhabitants and includes renewable generation plants. Several configurations are considered, based on: the state of the grid at blackout time; the BESS state of charge; and the involvement of Dispersed Generation (DG) in the restoration process. Three restoration plans (RPs) have been defined, involving the BESS alone, or in coordination with DG. A MATLAB®/Simulink® program has been designed to simulate the restoration process in each configuration and restoration plan. The results show that the BESS improves restoration process quality indicators in different simulated configurations, allowing the operation in controlled island mode of parts of distribution grids, during interruptions or blackout conditions. The defined restoration plans set the priority and the sequence of controlled island operations of parts of the grid to ensure a safe and better restoration. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that a BESS can be a valuable element towards an improved restoration procedure.
Matteo Manganelli; Mario Nicodemo; Luigi D’Orazio; Laura Pimpinella; Maria Carmen Falvo. Restoration of an Active MV Distribution Grid with a Battery ESS: A Real Case Study. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2058 .
AMA StyleMatteo Manganelli, Mario Nicodemo, Luigi D’Orazio, Laura Pimpinella, Maria Carmen Falvo. Restoration of an Active MV Distribution Grid with a Battery ESS: A Real Case Study. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):2058.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Manganelli; Mario Nicodemo; Luigi D’Orazio; Laura Pimpinella; Maria Carmen Falvo. 2018. "Restoration of an Active MV Distribution Grid with a Battery ESS: A Real Case Study." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 2058.
D.A. Sbordone; Luigi Martirano; Maria Carmen Falvo; L. Chiavaroli; B. Di Pietra; I. Bertini; A. Genovese. Reactive power control for an energy storage system: A real implementation in a Micro-Grid. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 2016, 59, 250 -263.
AMA StyleD.A. Sbordone, Luigi Martirano, Maria Carmen Falvo, L. Chiavaroli, B. Di Pietra, I. Bertini, A. Genovese. Reactive power control for an energy storage system: A real implementation in a Micro-Grid. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 2016; 59 ():250-263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.A. Sbordone; Luigi Martirano; Maria Carmen Falvo; L. Chiavaroli; B. Di Pietra; I. Bertini; A. Genovese. 2016. "Reactive power control for an energy storage system: A real implementation in a Micro-Grid." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 59, no. : 250-263.
The present paper includes the results of a wide experimental survey concerning current and power consumptions of some single-phase loads supplied in Low Voltage (LV). In particular home/office equipment has been monitored during its starting phase. For the purpose a custom monitoring system has been implemented and used. The results of the monitoring survey has permitted the characterization of spectrum variability of the single load, that can be useful both for knowing its harmonic behavior, for clustering the equipment, and finally for getting information that can be used for their control in a smart n-grid. The main novelty of the work is to propose a new way to consider transient analysis by suitably coupling the sensing step, usually envisaged in the signal acquisition stage, with a classification step driven to discriminate the transient typology.
Mauro Biagi; Paolo Mazzoli; Maria Carmen Falvo; Umberto Grasselli; Biagi M.; Mazzoli P.; Falvo M.C.; Grasselli U.. An experimental survey of LV equipment for their clustering and control in a n-grid. 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) 2015, 802 -806.
AMA StyleMauro Biagi, Paolo Mazzoli, Maria Carmen Falvo, Umberto Grasselli, Biagi M., Mazzoli P., Falvo M.C., Grasselli U.. An experimental survey of LV equipment for their clustering and control in a n-grid. 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). 2015; ():802-806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Biagi; Paolo Mazzoli; Maria Carmen Falvo; Umberto Grasselli; Biagi M.; Mazzoli P.; Falvo M.C.; Grasselli U.. 2015. "An experimental survey of LV equipment for their clustering and control in a n-grid." 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) , no. : 802-806.
Photovoltaic systems have played a key role over the last decade in the evolution of the electricity sector. In terms of safety design, it’s important to consider that a PV plant constitutes a special system of generation, where the Direct Current (DC) presence results in changes to the technical rules. Moreover, if certain electrical faults occur, the plant is a possible source of fire. Choices regarding the grounding of the generator and its protection devices are fundamental for a design that evaluates fire risk. The subject of the article is the analysis of the relation between electrical phenomena in PV systems and the fire risk related to ensuring appropriate fault detection by the electrical protection system. A description of a grid-connected PV system is followed firstly by a comparison of the design solutions provided by International Standards, and secondly by an analysis of electrical phenomena which may trigger a fire. A study of two existing PV systems, where electrical faults have resulted in fires, is then presented. The study highlights the importance of checking all possible failure modes in a PV system design phase, to assess fire risk in advance. Some guidelines for the mitigation of electrical faults that may result in a fire are finally provided
Maria Carmen Falvo; S. Capparella. Safety issues in PV systems: Design choices for a secure fault detection and for preventing fire risk. Case Studies in Fire Safety 2015, 3, 1 -16.
AMA StyleMaria Carmen Falvo, S. Capparella. Safety issues in PV systems: Design choices for a secure fault detection and for preventing fire risk. Case Studies in Fire Safety. 2015; 3 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Carmen Falvo; S. Capparella. 2015. "Safety issues in PV systems: Design choices for a secure fault detection and for preventing fire risk." Case Studies in Fire Safety 3, no. : 1-16.
In the last years, electric vehicles (EVs) are getting significant consideration as an environmental-sustainable and cost-effective alternative over conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), for the mitigation of the dependence from fossil fuels and for reduction of Green-House Gasses (GHGs) emission. However, many challenges are still ongoing to their large scale implementation. Among them, the negative impact on the electrical grid operation in case of an uncoordinated contemporary charging of a huge number of EVs. In the recent literature different solutions are proposed for handling the peak demand of EVs and the related problems. One answer is offered by the implementation of EV charging strategies, through aggregation agents, for containing the impact on the grid, guaranteeing the quality of the service. The implementation of a real charging strategy is strictly related to a deployment of smart-grid technologies, such as smart meters, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In particular ESSs are playing a fundamental role in the general smart grid paradigm, and can become fundamental for the integration in the new power systems of EV fast charging stations of the last generation: in this case the storage can have peak shaving and power quality functions and also to make the charge time shorter. In the present paper, an overview on the different types of EVs charging stations, in reference to the present international European standards, and on the storage technologies for the integration of EV charging stations in smart grid is reported. Then a real implementation of EVs fast charging station equipped with an ESS is deeply described. The system is a prototype, designed, implemented and now available at ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) labs. A wide experimental activity has been performed on the prototype system in order to test its functionalities in the integration in a smart grid available at the same ENEA lab, including a smart metering system. The integration has been possible thanks to the use of a customized communication protocol, developed by the researchers and here described. The results of the experimental tests show that the system has a good performance in the implementation of peak shaving functions, in respect of the main distribution grid, making the prototype like a network nearly zero-impact system.
D. Sbordone; I. Bertini; B. Di Pietra; Maria Carmen Falvo; A. Genovese; Luigi Martirano. EV fast charging stations and energy storage technologies: A real implementation in the smart micro grid paradigm. Electric Power Systems Research 2015, 120, 96 -108.
AMA StyleD. Sbordone, I. Bertini, B. Di Pietra, Maria Carmen Falvo, A. Genovese, Luigi Martirano. EV fast charging stations and energy storage technologies: A real implementation in the smart micro grid paradigm. Electric Power Systems Research. 2015; 120 ():96-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Sbordone; I. Bertini; B. Di Pietra; Maria Carmen Falvo; A. Genovese; Luigi Martirano. 2015. "EV fast charging stations and energy storage technologies: A real implementation in the smart micro grid paradigm." Electric Power Systems Research 120, no. : 96-108.
In a smart micro-grid (MG) each generator or load has to take part in the network management, joining in reactive power supply/voltage control, active power supply/frequency control, fault ride-through capability, and power quality control. This paper includes a new concept for building integration in MGs with zero grid-impact so improving the MG efficiency. These aims are shown to be achievable with an intelligent system, based on a dc/ac converter connected to the building point of coupling with the main grid. This system can provide active and reactive power services also including a dc link where storage, generation, and loads can be installed. The system employed for validation is a prototype available at ENEA Laboratories (Italian National Agency for New Technologies). A complete and versatile model in MATLAB/SIMULINK is also presented. The simulations results and the experimental test validation are included. The trial confirms the model goodness and the system usefulness in MG applications.
Pablo Arboleya; Cristina Gonzalez-Moran; Manuel Coto; Maria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Danilo Sbordone; Ilaria Bertini; Biagio Di Pietra. Efficient Energy Management in Smart Micro-Grids: ZERO Grid Impact Buildings. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2015, 6, 1055 -1063.
AMA StylePablo Arboleya, Cristina Gonzalez-Moran, Manuel Coto, Maria Carmen Falvo, Luigi Martirano, Danilo Sbordone, Ilaria Bertini, Biagio Di Pietra. Efficient Energy Management in Smart Micro-Grids: ZERO Grid Impact Buildings. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2015; 6 (2):1055-1063.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Arboleya; Cristina Gonzalez-Moran; Manuel Coto; Maria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Danilo Sbordone; Ilaria Bertini; Biagio Di Pietra. 2015. "Efficient Energy Management in Smart Micro-Grids: ZERO Grid Impact Buildings." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6, no. 2: 1055-1063.
The paper proposes a new idea, called "Interactive Energy", for the dynamic pricing and dispatching of the charging services of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a micro-grid. In the proposed approach, the customers can choose their recharge time through an interactive application able to indicate different recharge times and related prices in function of the real time conditions of the micro-grid. The available power at each charging station is conditioned to the grid conditions and the prices change as a function of the requested energy, power and local renewable energy produced in the micro-grid. In the paper, a statistical model is proposed and applied for analyzing the impact that the proposed system can have on the power grid. The proposed system can gain ground with the ongoing battery improvements: the recharging times for EVs could become comparable to the present fuel stop times at the gas station through the continuous improvement of the battery technologies.
Danilo Antonio Sbordone; Maria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Michael Devetsikiotis; Biagio Di Pietra. Interactive energy: An approach for the dynamic pricing and dispatching of EV charging service. IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2014, 3556 -3562.
AMA StyleDanilo Antonio Sbordone, Maria Carmen Falvo, Luigi Martirano, Michael Devetsikiotis, Biagio Di Pietra. Interactive energy: An approach for the dynamic pricing and dispatching of EV charging service. IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2014; ():3556-3562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanilo Antonio Sbordone; Maria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Michael Devetsikiotis; Biagio Di Pietra. 2014. "Interactive energy: An approach for the dynamic pricing and dispatching of EV charging service." IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , no. : 3556-3562.
Photovoltaic (PV) systems has been playing a key role during the last years in the evolution of electricity sector. Concerning the design issues for guaranteeing security and safety, it is particularly important to take into account that a PV plant is a "special" system of generation, in which the presence of a d.c. generator results in changings of the technical rules used for the design of electrical systems. Choices regarding the layout of the system, the grounding of the negative pole of the d.c. side and the means of protection are fundamental for the design of a PV system that takes into account the risk of fire. The subject of this article is the analysis of the relation between electrical phenomena that can occur inside of a PV system and the related means of protection (depending on the system's architecture) that can guarantee the secure fault detection and so prevent the occurrence and development of a fire.
Simona Capparella; Maria Carmen Falvo. Secure faults detection for preventing fire risk in PV systems. 2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) 2014, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSimona Capparella, Maria Carmen Falvo. Secure faults detection for preventing fire risk in PV systems. 2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). 2014; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimona Capparella; Maria Carmen Falvo. 2014. "Secure faults detection for preventing fire risk in PV systems." 2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) , no. : 1-5.
The integration of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in Micro Grids (MGs) is becoming mandatory for the optimal management of the energy flows and to make the MG an efficient and self-sustainable system, further able to provide ancillary services to the main network. The present paper includes an overview on the services and benefits that an ESS, based on batteries technology, can provide in a MG, considering the classification of the recent DOE/EPRI Electricity Storage Handbook and the recent updates of the Italian Standards dealing with storage. Then the paper shows some experimental results achieved in a real MG thanks to the integration of an ESS, Lithium-Polymer batteries based. The system is a prototype available at ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) labs in Rome. The authors describe it in details, including its control functions, and give the results of some tests performed at ENEA labs.
Maria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Danilo Sbordone; Alessandro Vergine; Biagio Di Pietra; Antonino Genovese. Micro-grids and energy storage systems. 2014 AEIT Annual Conference - From Research to Industry: The Need for a More Effective Technology Transfer (AEIT) 2014, 1 -5.
AMA StyleMaria Carmen Falvo, Luigi Martirano, Danilo Sbordone, Alessandro Vergine, Biagio Di Pietra, Antonino Genovese. Micro-grids and energy storage systems. 2014 AEIT Annual Conference - From Research to Industry: The Need for a More Effective Technology Transfer (AEIT). 2014; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Carmen Falvo; Luigi Martirano; Danilo Sbordone; Alessandro Vergine; Biagio Di Pietra; Antonino Genovese. 2014. "Micro-grids and energy storage systems." 2014 AEIT Annual Conference - From Research to Industry: The Need for a More Effective Technology Transfer (AEIT) , no. : 1-5.