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Prof. Heejung Kim
Kangwon National University

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0 Groundwater Contamination
0 Groundwater and soil
0 Groundwater Hydrology
0 Groundwater Management

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Communication
Published: 04 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Earthquakes cause deformation in previously stable groundwater environments, resulting in changes to the hydrogeological characteristics. The changes to hydrological processes following large-scale earthquakes have been investigated through many physicochemical studies, but understanding of the associated geomicrobiological responses remains limited. To complement the understanding of earthquakes gathered using hydrogeochemical approaches, studies on the effects of the Earth’s deep crustal fluids on microbial community structures can be applied. These studies could help establish the degree of resilience and sustainability of the underground ecosystem following an earthquake. Furthermore, investigations on changes in the microbial community structure of the Earth’s deep crustal fluids before and after an earthquake can be used to predict an earthquake. The results derived from studies that merge hydrogeochemical and geomicrobiological changes in the deep crustal fluids due to the effect of stress on rock characteristics within a fault zone can be used to correlate these factors with earthquake occurrences. In addition, an earthquake risk evaluation method may be developed based on the observable characteristics of fault-zone aquifers.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim. Need for Seismic Hydrology Research with a Geomicrobiological Focus. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8704 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim. Need for Seismic Hydrology Research with a Geomicrobiological Focus. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim. 2021. "Need for Seismic Hydrology Research with a Geomicrobiological Focus." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8704.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Efforts to reduce the toxic effects of microplastics (MPs) on the environment have increased globally in recent years. However, the existing models used for the simulation of contaminant transport in groundwater are meant for dissolved substances, which is not suitable for studying MPs. Therefore, in this study, the transport of MPs in a saturated porous medium was modeled by establishing governing equations. Simulations were performed using the finite element method to examine the effects of the parameters of the governing equations on the transport of MPs. The results suggest that it is necessary to reduce the diffusivity of MPs and increase the water flow velocity, porosity, and first-order attachment coefficient to effectively contain this environmental hazard. From the simulation results, it can be derived that a combination of low diffusivity, fast water flow velocity, and high soil porosity may reduce the amount of MPs that are leaked into groundwater environments. The modeling and simulations performed in this study provide a clear understanding of the transport phenomena of MPs with applications in combating water pollution.

ACS Style

Han-Sun Ryu; Jinah Moon; Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. Modeling and Parametric Simulation of Microplastic Transport in Groundwater Environments. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7189 .

AMA Style

Han-Sun Ryu, Jinah Moon, Heejung Kim, Jin-Yong Lee. Modeling and Parametric Simulation of Microplastic Transport in Groundwater Environments. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han-Sun Ryu; Jinah Moon; Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. 2021. "Modeling and Parametric Simulation of Microplastic Transport in Groundwater Environments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7189.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The major and trace elements of Quaternary alkaline volcanic rocks on Jeju Island were analyzed to determine their origin and formation mechanism. The samples included tephrite, trachybasalts, basaltic trachyandesites, tephriphonolites, trachytes, and mantle xenoliths in the host basalt. Although the samples exhibited diversity in SiO2 contents, the relations of Zr vs. Nb and La vs. Nb indicated that the rocks were formed from the fractional crystallization of a single parent magma with slight continental crustal contamination (r: 0–0.3 by AFC modeling), rather than by the mixing of different magma sources. The volcanic rocks had an enriched-mantle-2-like ocean island basalt signature and the basalt was formed by partial melting of the upper mantle, represented by the xenolith samples of our study. The upper mantle of Jeju was affected by arc magmatism, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Therefore, we inferred that two separate magmatic events occurred on Jeju Island: one associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate (represented by xenoliths), and another associated with a divergent setting when intraplate magmatism occurred (represented by the host rocks). With AFC modeling, it can be proposed that the Jeju volcanic rocks were formed by the fractional crystallization of the upper mantle combined with assimilation of the continental crust. The xenoliths in this study had different geochemical patterns from previously reported xenoliths, warranting further investigations.

ACS Style

Cheolhong Kim; Naing Khant; Yongmun Jeon; Heejung Kim; ChungWan Lim. Geochemical Characterization of Intraplate Magmatism from Quaternary Alkaline Volcanic Rocks on Jeju Island, South Korea. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7030 .

AMA Style

Cheolhong Kim, Naing Khant, Yongmun Jeon, Heejung Kim, ChungWan Lim. Geochemical Characterization of Intraplate Magmatism from Quaternary Alkaline Volcanic Rocks on Jeju Island, South Korea. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):7030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheolhong Kim; Naing Khant; Yongmun Jeon; Heejung Kim; ChungWan Lim. 2021. "Geochemical Characterization of Intraplate Magmatism from Quaternary Alkaline Volcanic Rocks on Jeju Island, South Korea." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 7030.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Water
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Karst regions cover approximately 10% of the Korean Peninsula and are highly vulnerable to contamination. In this study, five field surveys were conducted between 2017 and 2019 to examine the monthly and seasonal changes in the hydro-environment of a characteristic karst region in Samchoek, South Korea. During the surveys, a total of 24 surface water samples were collected and analyzed for field water quality parameters, major and minor ions, and stable isotopes. The results indicate that the water quality in the study area is significantly affected by precipitation. Overall, the water was classified as a Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, and correlation analysis of the major ions detected in the water samples indicates that the inflow of nitrate to the surface water originated from agricultural activities in the region. Furthermore, variations caused by climate were verified using the relationships between the various ions. In addition, high precipitation rates during the rainy season cause the active exchange of surface material, which was verified using stable isotope outliers. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the connectivity of water systems in complex karst hydrogeological regions and can aid future sustainable management of water resources in these regions.

ACS Style

Jiwook Jang; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim. Characteristics of Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes in a Karst Region in Samcheok, Republic of Korea. Water 2021, 13, 213 .

AMA Style

Jiwook Jang, Jin-Yong Lee, Heejung Kim. Characteristics of Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes in a Karst Region in Samcheok, Republic of Korea. Water. 2021; 13 (2):213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiwook Jang; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim. 2021. "Characteristics of Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes in a Karst Region in Samcheok, Republic of Korea." Water 13, no. 2: 213.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Water
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This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO3 and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.

ACS Style

Han-Sun Ryu; Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee; Jiwook Jang; Sangwook Park. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea. Water 2020, 12, 3407 .

AMA Style

Han-Sun Ryu, Heejung Kim, Jin-Yong Lee, Jiwook Jang, Sangwook Park. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea. Water. 2020; 12 (12):3407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han-Sun Ryu; Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee; Jiwook Jang; Sangwook Park. 2020. "Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea." Water 12, no. 12: 3407.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Factors controlling the spatial distribution and temporal trend of groundwater quality at a national scale are important to investigate for sustaining livelihood and ecological balance. This study evaluated groundwater quality data for 12 parameters (n = 6405 for each parameter), collected from 97 groundwater monitoring stations (=289 monitoring wells) for ten years. Spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters varied through the regional scale. Six parameters: T, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and Cl− were having dominant increasing trend, remaining pH, Eh, Na+, K+, SO42−, and NO3− showed a dominant decreasing trend over time. Among land use types, the upland fields had the highest mean of groundwater NO3− (22.2 mg/L), confirming plenty of application of fertilizers (5–10 kg/a more than standard) to upland fields. Means of groundwater Cl− and Na+ (705.3 and 298.4 mg/L, respectively) in the residential areas are greater than those in other land use types by 408–685.9, 154.3–274.2 mg/L, respectively. Agricultural activities were the main controlling factor of groundwater NO3− contamination in rural areas, domestic activities were responsible for groundwater Cl− and Na+ in urban areas, and seawater intrusion was controlling groundwater Cl− in coastal areas (within 10 km from sea). Groundwater hydrochemistry was controlled by the mechanism of geogenic rock and evaporation dominance. The rock dominance mechanism indicated that groundwater was interacting with rocks and resulted in groundwater chemistry. The findings of this study showed that groundwater was mainly contaminated by anthropogenic factors in some rural and residential areas. Effective measures by government authorities are needed to improve the groundwater quality.

ACS Style

Chang-Seong Kim; Maimoona Raza; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Chanhyeok Jeon; Bora Kim; Jeong-Woo Kim; Rak-Hyeon Kim. Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Nationwide Groundwater Quality in Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9971 .

AMA Style

Chang-Seong Kim, Maimoona Raza, Jin-Yong Lee, Heejung Kim, Chanhyeok Jeon, Bora Kim, Jeong-Woo Kim, Rak-Hyeon Kim. Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Nationwide Groundwater Quality in Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang-Seong Kim; Maimoona Raza; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Chanhyeok Jeon; Bora Kim; Jeong-Woo Kim; Rak-Hyeon Kim. 2020. "Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Nationwide Groundwater Quality in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9971.

Editorial
Published: 04 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Climate-related changes that have occurred over the last few decades are particularly induced

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; ChungWan Lim. Strategies to Assure the Sustainability of Groundwater Resources. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9183 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, ChungWan Lim. Strategies to Assure the Sustainability of Groundwater Resources. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; ChungWan Lim. 2020. "Strategies to Assure the Sustainability of Groundwater Resources." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9183.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2020 in Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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ACS Style

Chang-Seong Kim; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Woo-Hyun Jeon; Kitae Kim. Evaluation of time series of soil moisture and soil temperature and computation of apparent thermal diffusivity of active layer in the Barton Peninsula, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 2020, 56, 571 -585.

AMA Style

Chang-Seong Kim, Jin-Yong Lee, Heejung Kim, Woo-Hyun Jeon, Kitae Kim. Evaluation of time series of soil moisture and soil temperature and computation of apparent thermal diffusivity of active layer in the Barton Peninsula, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 2020; 56 (5):571-585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang-Seong Kim; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Woo-Hyun Jeon; Kitae Kim. 2020. "Evaluation of time series of soil moisture and soil temperature and computation of apparent thermal diffusivity of active layer in the Barton Peninsula, Antarctica." Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 56, no. 5: 571-585.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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Delineating the hyporheic zone, where groundwater and surface water mix, is of great importance for managing groundwater contamination introduced through surface water. A prior study proposed a method for estimating the hyporheic zone’s depth using heat transfer analysis; this approach’s high sensitivity compared with conventional tracer tests made it more appropriate for delineate the hyporheic zone depth. However, that method treated all related parameters as deterministic values, while real-world parameters are not fixed but vary widely around their means. In this study, we improved on this approach by converting it into a probabilistic method, in which the principal parameters in the governing equation were considered random values and were sampled using Monte-Carlo simulation. We conducted repeated heat transfer analyses for each case and collected the resulting hyporheic zone depths as probabilistic distributions. This allowed us to calculate the distribution of the hyporheic zone and its mean value more accurately and time-efficiently.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. Probabilistic delineation of hyporheic zone depth using heat transfer analysis. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 589, 125338 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Jin-Yong Lee. Probabilistic delineation of hyporheic zone depth using heat transfer analysis. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 589 ():125338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. 2020. "Probabilistic delineation of hyporheic zone depth using heat transfer analysis." Journal of Hydrology 589, no. : 125338.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The effects of the unpredictability of the flow system in a karst area, with respect to bacterial communities in the aquatic environment, were evaluated. Bacterial communities from two different types of flow conditions (spring and sinkhole) were characterized and compared in the karst area. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia were the major phyla present in the sampled spring and sinkhole waters. The water samples from the spring points were heavily loaded with Actinobacteria, especially Firmicutes, which accounted for 4.3% of the bacterial content. Furthermore, Actinobacteria were prevalent in some water samples, serving as indicators of the effects of seawater inundation. The richness and diversity of bacterial species were evaluated at the spring and sinkhole water points. The spring waters showed a higher bacterial richness and diversity compared to the sinkhole waters. Our results provide valuable information for the evaluation and investigation of microbial compositions in karst areas, which are characterized by heterogeneous hydrological conditions. The microbial species in karst areas are already exposed to changing hydrogeological conditions, and are likely to be confronted with future changes; thus, their spatiotemporal variations reflect the shifting baselines of physicochemical and ecosystem processes.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Jiwook Jang; Sangwook Park; Chang-Seong Kim; Han-Sun Ryu; Jin-Yong Lee. Spatial Variations in Microbial Compositions in a Karst Critical Zone in Samcheok, Republic of Korea. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4714 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Jiwook Jang, Sangwook Park, Chang-Seong Kim, Han-Sun Ryu, Jin-Yong Lee. Spatial Variations in Microbial Compositions in a Karst Critical Zone in Samcheok, Republic of Korea. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):4714.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Jiwook Jang; Sangwook Park; Chang-Seong Kim; Han-Sun Ryu; Jin-Yong Lee. 2020. "Spatial Variations in Microbial Compositions in a Karst Critical Zone in Samcheok, Republic of Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 4714.

Opinion
Published: 30 June 2020 in Sustainability
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If human history has thus far been divided into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, then modern times can be considered the Plastic Age

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. Emerging Concerns about Microplastic Pollution on Groundwater in South Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5275 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Jin-Yong Lee. Emerging Concerns about Microplastic Pollution on Groundwater in South Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. 2020. "Emerging Concerns about Microplastic Pollution on Groundwater in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5275.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, the specific amplifications of six denitrification-associated genes using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer sets were compared. Thereafter, the PCR primer sets that were determined to be suitable for each denitrification-associated gene were used to test samples from sixteen aqueous environments (three from groundwater, three from stream water, and ten from hyporheic zone water). The specific amplification was determined using PCR primer sets for denitrification-associated genes and nucleic acids from eleven types of strains. NosZ was the most frequently amplified gene from the nucleic acid of type, with a specific band seen in all eleven strains. The specific band amplification and PCR time of the strains were analyzed to select one PCR primer set for each gene. The selected PCR primer sets were used to analyze sixteen samples from the aqueous environments in which denitrifying microorganisms were expected to be present. Specific bands of narG, nirS, and nosZ were most frequently observed in the hyporheic water samples. The results showed that microorganisms containing nirG (involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite), nirS (involved in the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide), and nosZ (involved in the reduction of nitrous oxide to nitrogen gas) were the most abundant in the hyporheic zone samples used in this study.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim. Comparison of PCR Primers for Analyzing Denitrifying Microorganisms in the Hyporheic Zone. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim. Comparison of PCR Primers for Analyzing Denitrifying Microorganisms in the Hyporheic Zone. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim. 2020. "Comparison of PCR Primers for Analyzing Denitrifying Microorganisms in the Hyporheic Zone." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Water
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Under changing climate, increasing groundwater use has risen the concern for groundwater quality variations over recent years, to maintain a healthy ecosystem. The objectives were to identify trend of temporal variations in groundwater quality and its suitability for different uses in Republic of Korea. Water quality data were collected from 198 monitoring stations of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network (GQMN), annually for the period of ten years (2008–2017). Non-parametric trend analysis of a Mann–Kendall test and Theil–Sen’s slope was done on groundwater physico-chemical data of ten years. Groundwater suitability evaluation was done for use in main sectors including domestic (drinking) and agriculture (irrigation). For drinking suitability analysis, results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Korean Ministry of Environment (KME) established guidelines. For irrigation suitability evaluation, electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), percent of Na+, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), US Salinity Laboratory (USSL), and Wilcox diagram were used. Most significantly, water type belongs to Ca-HCO3 and Ca-SO4 types, but a small proportion belongs to Na-CO3 and Na-Cl types. Approximately, 96% and 93% of groundwater samples are suitable for drinking, based on WHO and KME guidelines, respectively. Around 98% and 83% of groundwater samples are in suitable range for irrigation use, based on USSL and Wilcox diagrams, respectively.

ACS Style

Chanhyeok Jeon; Maimoona Raza; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Chang-Seong Kim; Bora Kim; Jeong-Woo Kim; Rak-Hyeon Kim; Sun-Woo Lee. Countrywide Groundwater Quality Trend and Suitability for Use in Key Sectors of Korea. Water 2020, 12, 1193 .

AMA Style

Chanhyeok Jeon, Maimoona Raza, Jin-Yong Lee, Heejung Kim, Chang-Seong Kim, Bora Kim, Jeong-Woo Kim, Rak-Hyeon Kim, Sun-Woo Lee. Countrywide Groundwater Quality Trend and Suitability for Use in Key Sectors of Korea. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chanhyeok Jeon; Maimoona Raza; Jin-Yong Lee; Heejung Kim; Chang-Seong Kim; Bora Kim; Jeong-Woo Kim; Rak-Hyeon Kim; Sun-Woo Lee. 2020. "Countrywide Groundwater Quality Trend and Suitability for Use in Key Sectors of Korea." Water 12, no. 4: 1193.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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We explored possible changes in microbial communities at the occurrence of an earthquake. For this, we examined effects of the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake (ML 5.8) on the microbial communities in nearby aquifers, together with the associated hydrochemistry data. Fourteen water samples were collected from two types of wells (alluvial and fractured rock formation) for monitoring the hydrogeochemical parameters, groundwater level, radon concentration, strontium isotopes, and microbiological features. An earthquake could change the number of species or their abundance in groundwater ecosystems. The results obtained for microbial compositions and special bacteria were consistent with the hydrochemical results. We also observed distinctive microbial communities in groundwater samples taken adjacent to the earthquake epicenter. Flavobacterium and archaea showed center of movement of chemical data. The predominant bacteria were Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium in most samples. Radon concentrations, helium isotopes, and helium/neon ratio showed anomalies in one well (KW8) with microbial composition data. Strontium data indicate that the study site may have been affected by seawater intrusion, which is corroborated by the microbiological features of archaea. Therefore, microbial features might be a good additional indicator for analyzing effects of earthquake on the groundwater, together with major chemical parameters such as Rn, Sr, and He. This study highlights the microbiological features of an aquifer after an earthquake, in conjunction with chemical data. The microbiological features indicate that bacteria in the groundwater such as Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium are highly correlated with the Gyeongju Earthquake and the hydrochemical data.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Dugin Kaown; Jeayeon Kim; In-Woo Park; Won-Tak Joun; Kang-Kun Lee. Impact of earthquake on the communities of bacteria and archaea in groundwater ecosystems. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 583, 124563 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Dugin Kaown, Jeayeon Kim, In-Woo Park, Won-Tak Joun, Kang-Kun Lee. Impact of earthquake on the communities of bacteria and archaea in groundwater ecosystems. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 583 ():124563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Dugin Kaown; Jeayeon Kim; In-Woo Park; Won-Tak Joun; Kang-Kun Lee. 2020. "Impact of earthquake on the communities of bacteria and archaea in groundwater ecosystems." Journal of Hydrology 583, no. : 124563.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2019 in Journal of Hydrology
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Investigating mixing processes between groundwater and surface water is important to manage groundwater system. Especially, because the study site is located around a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system at a riverside area, external effects such as an operation of GWHP system and/or river level fluctuations can disturb the water system. It can result in artificial mixing of two water bodies, thereby changing original hydrogeochemical and biological characteristics. For this research, a multi–tracer approach combining strontium isotopes, 222Rn, microbial communities, and hydrochemical composition was undertaken for nineteen water samples to quantify how and to what extent mixing may occur due to external processes. Before this approach was applied, the physical experiment using flowmeter was also conducted for defining the effects of dam discharge rates to the flow system. Estimated mixing ratios based on radon tracer showed spatio–temporal variations, influenced by the dam discharge rate, seasonal effects, and GWHP. The average mixing ratio values by strontium tracer were in accordance with the results of radon tracer, suggesting that a dual-tracer approach would be a more reliable means. Mass–transfer calculation indicated that spatio–temporal variations in strontium isotopes were affected by hydrological events. Results from the microbial community using a heat map and principal coordinate analyses also supported the mixing process characteristics of the study area. Based on the results, the interactive and dynamic mixing occurred in the riverside area in relation to external factors causing hydraulic disturbances, and the mixing could be estimated from the combined application of isotopic tracers with microbial community.

ACS Style

Jaeyeon Kim; Hanna Choi; Heejung Kim; Jong-Sik Ryu; Kang-Kun Lee. Using isotopes (strontium and radon) and microbial communities to quantify groundwater mixing influenced by anthropogenic factors at riverside area. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 581, 124441 .

AMA Style

Jaeyeon Kim, Hanna Choi, Heejung Kim, Jong-Sik Ryu, Kang-Kun Lee. Using isotopes (strontium and radon) and microbial communities to quantify groundwater mixing influenced by anthropogenic factors at riverside area. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 581 ():124441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaeyeon Kim; Hanna Choi; Heejung Kim; Jong-Sik Ryu; Kang-Kun Lee. 2019. "Using isotopes (strontium and radon) and microbial communities to quantify groundwater mixing influenced by anthropogenic factors at riverside area." Journal of Hydrology 581, no. : 124441.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2019 in Water
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Groundwater samples were collected from the tubular wells of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP), and the psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacteria inhabiting the collected groundwater were cultured and isolated. Using the isolated bacteria, we analyzed temperature-dependent changes in autochthonous bacteria based on the operation of the GWHP. Microbial culture identified eight species of bacteria: five species of thermophilic bacteria (Anoxybacillus tepidamans, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Deinococcus geothermalis, Effusibacillus pohliae, and Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum), one species of mesophilic bacteria (Lysobacter mobilis), and two species of psychrophilic bacteria (Paenibacillus elgii and Paenibacillus lautus). The results indicated A. tepidamans as the most dominant thermophilic bacterium in the study area. Notably, the Anoxybacillus genus was previous reported as a microorganism capable of creating deposits that clog above-ground wells and filters at geothermal power plants. Additionally, we found that on-site operation of the GWHP had a greater influence on the activity of thermophilic bacteria than on psychrophilic bacteria among autochthonous bacteria. These findings suggested that study of cultures of thermophilic bacteria might contribute to understanding the bio-clogging phenomena mediated by A. tepidamans in regard to GWHP-related thermal efficiency.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity. Water 2019, 11, 2084 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Jin-Yong Lee. Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Jin-Yong Lee. 2019. "Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity." Water 11, no. 10: 2084.

Opinion
Published: 09 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 20th century have led to increasing volumes of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere

ACS Style

Heejung Kim. Perspectives of Geological CO2 Storage in South Korea to Cope with Climate Change. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1117 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim. Perspectives of Geological CO2 Storage in South Korea to Cope with Climate Change. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim. 2018. "Perspectives of Geological CO2 Storage in South Korea to Cope with Climate Change." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1117.

Communication
Published: 01 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Climate change not only increases the atmospheric temperature, but also changes the precipitation conditions and patterns, which can lead to an increase in the frequency of occurrence of natural disasters, such as flooding and drought. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported fluctuations in the precipitation levels for each country from 1900 to 2005, based on global climate change, suggesting that environmental changes due to climate change manifest very differently based on the region. According to the results of studies that have been carried out recently, changes in the precipitation patterns based on climate change result in changes in the water environment, including alterations to the vegetation, land use, and river flow, while considerably influencing the rate of development of groundwater as well. In this study, the 3Is, which are the important variables of Ideas, Institutions, and Interests that are universal to the international field of political science, were used to comparatively analyze the water environment policies of South Korea and Europe. The first variable, Ideas, examined the influence of awareness on establishing the water environment policy in response to climate change. In particular, differences in the conceptual awareness of the water environment with regard to hyporheic zones were studied. The second variable, Institutions, examined the differences in the water environment policy within the national administration in response to climate change. The South Korean administration’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport and the Ministry of Environment were used in a case study. Finally, the results drawn from the third variable, i.e., Interests, for South Korea appear to differ from those of Europe, in terms of water environment policy. In this study, the water environment policy of South Korea was analyzed and compared to that of Europe in order to identify problems in South Korea’s water environment policy in response to climate change, while seeking a sole solution for a comprehensive water environment policy direction for South Korea.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Kang-Kun Lee. A Comparison of the Water Environment Policy of Europe and South Korea in Response to Climate Change. Sustainability 2018, 10, 384 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Kang-Kun Lee. A Comparison of the Water Environment Policy of Europe and South Korea in Response to Climate Change. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Kang-Kun Lee. 2018. "A Comparison of the Water Environment Policy of Europe and South Korea in Response to Climate Change." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 384.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2017 in Water
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The geothermal energy of groundwater has aroused increasing interest as a solution to climate change. The groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) system using groundwater is the most environmentally friendly system to date and has been examined in several studies. However, biological clogging by microorganisms negatively affects the thermal efficiency of the GWHP system. In this study, we employed air surging, the most popular among well management methods, and pyrosequencing to analyze the genetic diversity in bacteria before and after air surging in a geothermal well. Furthermore, the diversity of dominant bacterial genera and those related to clogging were evaluated. The bacterial diversity of the groundwater well increased after air surging. Nevertheless, the proportion of bacterial genera thought to be related to microbiological clogging decreased. In cooling and heating systems based on the geothermal energy of groundwater, the wells should be maintained regularly by air surging to reduce efficiency problems caused by microbiological clogging and to prevent secondary damage to human health, e.g., pneumonia due to human pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter.

ACS Style

Heejung Kim; Jong-Koo Mok; Youngyun Park; Dugin Kaown; Kang-Kun Lee. Composition of Groundwater Bacterial Communities before and after Air Surging in a Groundwater Heat Pump System According to a Pyrosequencing Assay. Water 2017, 9, 891 .

AMA Style

Heejung Kim, Jong-Koo Mok, Youngyun Park, Dugin Kaown, Kang-Kun Lee. Composition of Groundwater Bacterial Communities before and after Air Surging in a Groundwater Heat Pump System According to a Pyrosequencing Assay. Water. 2017; 9 (11):891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heejung Kim; Jong-Koo Mok; Youngyun Park; Dugin Kaown; Kang-Kun Lee. 2017. "Composition of Groundwater Bacterial Communities before and after Air Surging in a Groundwater Heat Pump System According to a Pyrosequencing Assay." Water 9, no. 11: 891.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of Virological Methods
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Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) is a plant pathogenic virus that can infect leguminous crops such as kidney beans, sunn hemp, red beans, and mung beans. BCMNV has not been reported in Korea and is classified as a quarantine plant virus. Currently, the standard diagnostic method for diagnosis of BCMNV is reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR system. However a more rapid monitoring system is needed to enable the testing of more samples. The use of highly efficient loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for its detection has not yet been reported, and development of LAMP for detecting BCMNV in this study. In addition, confirmation of LAMP amplification can be achieved using restriction enzyme Mse I (T/TAA). The developed technique could be used for more rapid, specific and sensitive monitoring of BCMNV in leguminous crops than conventional nested RT-PCR.

ACS Style

Siwon Lee; Heejung Kim; Jin-Young Lee; Jae-Young Rho. Development of rapid and highly sensitive detection of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in leguminous crops using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Journal of Virological Methods 2017, 249, 117 -120.

AMA Style

Siwon Lee, Heejung Kim, Jin-Young Lee, Jae-Young Rho. Development of rapid and highly sensitive detection of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in leguminous crops using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Journal of Virological Methods. 2017; 249 ():117-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siwon Lee; Heejung Kim; Jin-Young Lee; Jae-Young Rho. 2017. "Development of rapid and highly sensitive detection of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in leguminous crops using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay." Journal of Virological Methods 249, no. : 117-120.