Shudong Li

Dr. Shudong Li

orcid

Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

2Years (2025-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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1 December 2025 in Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
Yi LinYi Lin
Yi Lin
SLShudong Li
Shudong Li
LYLuqi Yang
Luqi Yang
ZZzhanyi zhou
zhanyi zhou
JBJulien Baker
Julien Baker
Yaodong GuYaodong Gu
Yaodong Gu
This study investigated upper-lower body coordination during the swimming start. Coupling angle mapping was applied to assess segmental dominance, coupling angle, and coupling angle variability across four dive-start phases in elite and sub-elite swimmers. Data were collected from twenty swimmers (ten elite and ten sub-elite), based on their three fastest maximal-effort dive starts. The continuous entry movement from air to water was captured in detail using a high-speed multi-camera system positioned above and below the water. Results demonstrated that coordination patterns varied across the four phases, with high similarity when the thigh dominated, such as during the flight phase. Notably, coordination during the on-block phase differed significantly prior to hand-off. Elite swimmers exhibited greater trunk dominance in the entry phase, facilitating a more horizontal dive-in, whereas sub-elite swimmers showed trunk dominance later, during the transition phase. In conclusion, the time required to reach a specific distance or phase does not necessarily indicate superior start performance. Swimmers must balance drag minimization during the dive-in trajectory with rapid entry to initiate stroking. All swimmers maintained a streamlined posture and predominantly employed thigh-dominant strategies, while variations in trunk-dominant coordination were observed during entry and transition phases. Occasional high coupling angle variability in elite swimmers may reflect individualized coordination strategies. These findings highlight the importance of individualised training to optimize start performance.