Background. The adoption of health information technology (HIT) is an important measure for improving healthcare quality and safety, which is affected by many hospital factors, but it has not yet been estimated in the Mongolian hospital sectors. This study examines how hospitals’ organisational and geographical characteristics influence the adoption of HIT in Mongolian tertiary and secondary care hospitals. Methods. А cross-sectional study involving the executive directors and medical equipment engineers was conducted in 39 hospitals. Data acquired from questionnaires are (1) hospitals’ organisational and geographical characteristics, including bed-size capacity, ownership type, status, and location of the hospitals, and (2) the adoption rate of HIT, and its categories are based on the Health Information and Management Systems Society’s classification (2002). The dependent variable was measured as numbers and the rate of HIT programs adopted clinical, administrative, and strategic information technologies (IT). A regression analysis was used to estimate the factors of impact on the adoption of clinical, administrative, and strategic IT. Results. We found a concerning relationship between the characteristics and adoption of HITs. On average, the number of HIT programs adopted was 18, covering nine clinical IT programs, six administrative IT programs, and three strategic IT programs. The adoption rate of overall HIT was 33.29% in the hospitals. In regression analysis, the organisational and geographical characteristics’ impact and HIT adoption of hospitals was positively associated with large bed-size (clinical IT: β = 0.256, ; administrative IT: β = 0.3654, ; strategic IT: β = 0.0006, ), for-profit (strategic IT: β = 0.1995, ), teaching (clinical IT: β = 0.2560, ; administrative IT: β = 0.1985, ; strategic IT: β = 0.2236, ), and urban location (clinical IT: β = 0.2840, , administrative IT: β = 0.2256, ; strategic IT: β = 0.2256, ). Conclusion. Our study found that the HIT adoption rate in Mongolia is poor, and its adoption is mainly positively associated with bed-size capacity, status, and location of the hospitals. Also, we found that the ownership type is partially affected HIT adoption.

Objective: Ameloblastoma (AM) is a prevalent benign odontogenic tumor affecting the jaw bone. Its potential for recurrence and malignant transformation is closely associated with the regulation of signaling pathways. The objective of this study was to examine the expression and clinical significance of Notch1 in AM, along with exploring the correlation between Notch1 expression and AM imaging patterns. Methods: The streptavidin-peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemical technique was employed to detect the expression of Notch1 protein in the oral mucosa of 70 AM patients and 25 normal controls. Additionally, the preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the patients were classified, and the results were analyzed in relation to the expression of Notch1 protein in AM. Results: The positive expression rate of Notch1 in the 70 AM patients was 74.29% (52/70), while the Notch1 expression rate in 26 oral mucosa patients was 19.23% (5/26), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The expression rate of Notch1 was 58.06% in single-room AM and lower in multi-room AM (85.29%) and honeycomb AM (100%) (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the expression rate of Notch1 between multi-room AM and honeycomb AM (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Notch1 may serve as an important diagnostic indicator in AM, and the apoptosis inhibition ability and cell proliferation ability of single-room AM are lower compared to those of the room and honeycomb types

Objective: To develop a herbal preparation for respiratory ailments from plants used in Mongolian medicine. Method: TLC, HPLC, chemical and spectrophotometric analysis were used for the quality and quantitative determination of biologically active compounds in plant raw materials, extracts and granules. The total and internal absorption coefficients of the plant raw materials, tapped density and flowability of the granules were determined using the method of I.A. Muravyev and V.D. Ponomarev. The quality parameters of the granules (appearance, particle size, moisture content, dispersion) were determined by the Chinese pharmacopoeia methods. Results: The highest amount of extractive matters was determined when extracting 2 mm powdered roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC. using 0.25% ammonia (34.46±3.01), 2 mm powdered roots of Inula helenium L. with 50% ethanol (56.69±2.83), and 2 mm powdered fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. with 40% ethanol (32.15±1.62). The glycyrrhizic acid content in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC. was measured at 3.51±1.73%. Similarly, the inulin content in the root of Inula helenium L. was found to be 5.56±0.003%, and the ascorbic acid content in the fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. was also identified as 1.91±0.1%. After determining the extractive matters, particle size, total and internal absorption coefficients, and the content of majn biologically active compounds in the plant materials, liquid extracts were obtained from the plant raw materials, and thick extracts were prepared from these liquid extracts. The main substances in the liquid and thick extracts were identified and quantified. The glycyrrhizic acid content was 1.04±0.01% in the liquid extract and 2.87±0.08% in the thick extract; the ascorbic acid content was 0.47 ± 0.06% in the liquid extract and 0.73 ±0.06% in the thick extract; and the inulin content was 4.72±0.002% in the liquid extract and 15.07±0.002% in the thick extract. Five different models of granules were prepared from thick extracts using the wet granulation method. Model 1 granules were excluded from the study due to their irregular texture, clamminess, and inability to be sieved. The quality and technological parameters of the granule F2 model were superior to those of the other models (P<0.001). Granule model F2 contains 0.092±0.002% glycyrrhizic acid, 2.153±0.049% inulin, and 0.27±0.03% ascorbic acid. The prepared granules met the criteria for the microbiological test. Conclusion: It is suitable to extract the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC., the root of Inula helenium L., and the fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. by powdering them into 2 mm particle sizes. Of the five models of granules prepared by wet granulation from plant extracts, model 2 was superior to the others in terms of technological and quality parameters. Sucrose was not suitable for granulation as an excipient.

Objective: Leadership is a critical determinant of healthcare quality, workforce development, and organizational performance. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), based on the Full Range Leadership Theory, is widely used to evaluate transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant leadership styles. However, a culturally validated Mongolian version has not yet been available. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the MLQ-5X for clinical leaders working in hospitals across Mongolia. Methods: A cross-sectional methodological study was conducted between March and September 2022 in 11 provinces and Ulaanbaatar. The MLQ-5X was translated using WHO translation guidelines and underwent expert panel review, pilot testing, and psychometric evaluation. A total of 1,458 clinical leaders participated. Construct validity was assessed through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (EFA and CFtA). Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and face validity was evaluated through participant feedback. Results: EFA supported the original nine-factor structure. CFA showed a good model fit (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.056). Reliability was high across all subscales (α = 0.834–0.968), with overall reliability at 0.973. Face Validity Index scores indicated strong clarity (0.82) and comprehension (0.85). Conclusions: The Mongolian MLQ-5X is a valid and reliable tool for leadership assessment in healthcare settings.

Herbal products are considered important medicinal sources in both traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. Our study examined the lung-protective and anti-inflammatory properties of the herbal formulation in alipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced model of acute lung injury. Non-cytotoxic concentrations in cells were evaluated in vitrousing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and analysis of nitric oxide (NO) production. In our invivo study, acute lung inflammation was induced in experimental animals by LPS. Treatment with the herbal formulation notably decreased NO production, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and reduced the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Furthermore, histopathological studies confirmed its protective effects against LPS-induced lung inflammation. Molecular docking revealed that glycyrrhizic acid and inulin interact strongly with TNF-α and HMGB1 proteins, supporting their potential to mediate the observed anti-inflammatory effects.In conclusion, the herbal formulation demonstrates anti-inflammatory and lung-protective properties, suggesting its potential efficacy in mitigating LPS-induced acute lung injury.