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Prof. Dr. CHANDER PRAKASH
Lovely Professional University

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alloy
Electric Discharge Machining
surface roughness
Optimization
hydroxyapatite
EDM
Elastic modulus
coating
Spark Plasma Sintering
Mechanical alloying
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Research article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Surface Review and Letters
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Bone grinding is a craniotomy procedure which is used to remove a bone flap from the skull to expose and create an access for the dissection of tumors. In this study, a computer-controlled neurosurgical bone grinding has been used to explore the effect of various neurosurgical bone grinding parameters, such as cutting forces, torque, grinding force ratio, and temperature generated during bone grinding have been investigated. Bone samples after grinding have been assessed for morphological analysis. Based on the outcomes, a multi-attribute decision-making methodology based on grey relational analysis has been adopted. Regression models have been developed and then validated to ensure the adequacy of the developed models. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of experimental and predicted results have been presented. It is revealed that grinding forces and torque decreased with the escalation of rotational speed from 35,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to 55,000[Formula: see text]rpm. The optimum combination of process parameters found as rotational speed of 55,000[Formula: see text]rpm, feed rate of 20[Formula: see text]mm/min, and depth of cut of 0.50[Formula: see text]mm.

ACS Style

Atul Babbar; Vivek Jain; Dheeraj Gupta; Chander Prakash. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF NEUROSURGICAL BONE GRINDING UNDER BIO-MIMIC ENVIRONMENT. Surface Review and Letters 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Atul Babbar, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Chander Prakash. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF NEUROSURGICAL BONE GRINDING UNDER BIO-MIMIC ENVIRONMENT. Surface Review and Letters. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Atul Babbar; Vivek Jain; Dheeraj Gupta; Chander Prakash. 2021. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF NEUROSURGICAL BONE GRINDING UNDER BIO-MIMIC ENVIRONMENT." Surface Review and Letters , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Surface Review and Letters
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Herein, a biomimetic coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3 and HA–ZrO2 was deposited on Ti–6Al–4V-alloy using vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique. The bond-coat of ZrO2 has been introduced between the substrate and reinforced HA coatings to study the effect of bond-coat on structural, mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion performance of the developed coatings. In addition, the impact of thermal treatment of coating was investigated on these properties too. Coating characteristics, such as morphology, porosity, surface roughness, and crystallinity were investigated. The corrosion performance of coatings was tested in Hank’s-based salt solution (HBSS). Significant enhancement in crystallinity and surface-hardness has been witnessed after heat treatment; nevertheless, porosity reduced. The electrochemical corrosion study revealed that the corrosion resistance of heat-treated samples was better than the as-sprayed coatings samples. The intensity of XRD peaks of all coatings increased after 24[Formula: see text]h immersion in HBSS for the electrochemical test in comparison to the intensity of peaks before the corrosion test.

ACS Style

Amardeep Singh Kang; Gurbhinder Singh; Vikas Chawla; Chander Prakash; Ramanujam Radhakrishnan; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng. CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION ANALYSIS OF HEAT-TREATED REINFORCED HA COATINGS DEPOSITED BY VACUUM PLASMA SPRAY TECHNIQUE. Surface Review and Letters 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Amardeep Singh Kang, Gurbhinder Singh, Vikas Chawla, Chander Prakash, Ramanujam Radhakrishnan, Linda Yongling Wu, H. Y. Zheng. CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION ANALYSIS OF HEAT-TREATED REINFORCED HA COATINGS DEPOSITED BY VACUUM PLASMA SPRAY TECHNIQUE. Surface Review and Letters. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amardeep Singh Kang; Gurbhinder Singh; Vikas Chawla; Chander Prakash; Ramanujam Radhakrishnan; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng. 2021. "CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION ANALYSIS OF HEAT-TREATED REINFORCED HA COATINGS DEPOSITED BY VACUUM PLASMA SPRAY TECHNIQUE." Surface Review and Letters , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda on sustainable development goals (SDGs) encourages us to implement sustainable infrastructure and services for confronting challenges such as large energy consumption, solid waste generation, depletion of water resources and emission of greenhouse gases in the construction industry. Therefore, to overcome challenges and establishing sustainable construction, there is a requirement to integrate information technology with innovative manufacturing processes and materials science. Moreover, the wide implementation of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in constructing monuments, artistic objects, and residential buildings has gained attention. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud manufacturing (CM), and 3DP allows us to digitalize the construction for providing reliable and digitalized features to the users. In this review article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of implementing the IoT, CM, and 3D printing (3DP) technologies in building constructions for achieving sustainability. The recent convergence research of cloud development and 3D printing (3DP) are being explored in the article by categorizing them into multiple sections including 3D printing resource access technology, 3D printing cloud platform (3D–PCP) service architectures, 3D printing service optimized configuration technology, 3D printing service evaluation technology, and 3D service control and monitoring technology. This paper also examines and analyzes the limitations of existing research and, moreover, the article provides key recommendations such as automation with robotics, predictive analytics in 3DP, eco-friendly 3DP, and 5G technology-based IoT-based CM for future enhancements.

ACS Style

Rajesh Singh; Anita Gehlot; Shaik Akram; Lovi Gupta; Manoj Jena; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar. Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7327 .

AMA Style

Rajesh Singh, Anita Gehlot, Shaik Akram, Lovi Gupta, Manoj Jena, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Raman Kumar. Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajesh Singh; Anita Gehlot; Shaik Akram; Lovi Gupta; Manoj Jena; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar. 2021. "Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7327.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Clean technological machining operations can improve traditional methods’ environmental, economic, and technical viability, resulting in sustainability, compatibility, and human-centered machining. This, this work focuses on sustainable machining of Al-Mg-Zr alloy with minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)-assisted machining using a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The effect of various process parameters on the surface roughness and cutting temperature were analyzed. The Taguchi L25 orthogonal array-based experimental design has been utilized. Experiments have been carried out in the MQL environment, and pressure was maintained at 8 bar. The multiple responses were optimized using desirability function analysis (DFA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that cutting speed and depth of cut are the most prominent factors for surface roughness and cutting temperature. Therefore, the DFA suggested that, to attain reasonable response values, a lower to moderate value of depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate are appreciable. An artificial neural network (ANN) model with four different learning algorithms was used to predict the surface roughness and temperature. Apart from this, to address the sustainability aspect, life cycle assessment (LCA) of MQL-assisted and dry machining has been carried out. Energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and processing time have been determined for MQL-assisted and dry machining. The results showed that MQL-machining required a very nominal amount of cutting fluid, which produced a smaller carbon footprint. Moreover, very little energy consumption is required in MQL-machining to achieve high material removal and very low tool change.

ACS Style

Rezaul Karim; Juairiya Tariq; Shah Morshed; Sabbir Shawon; Abir Hasan; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Catalin Pruncu. Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7321 .

AMA Style

Rezaul Karim, Juairiya Tariq, Shah Morshed, Sabbir Shawon, Abir Hasan, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Raman Kumar, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Catalin Pruncu. Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rezaul Karim; Juairiya Tariq; Shah Morshed; Sabbir Shawon; Abir Hasan; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7321.

Review
Published: 26 June 2021 in Machining Science and Technology
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In recent years, demand of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) in various industries especially aerospace industries drastically increased. Several exceptional properties of titanium alloy that contribute to its popularity include high compressive and tensile strength, fracture toughness oxidation resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, due to these superior properties, titanium alloys are categorized as hard-to-machine materials. The drilling process is accounted for roughly 40%−60% of material removal processes of an aeronautical product. Drilling processes for titanium alloys are categorized into conventional method (twist drilling) and unconventional method (rotary ultrasonic machining [RUM] drilling, laser drilling and electron discharge machining [EDM] drilling). This research aims to identify mechanisms and limitations of each drilling method applicable on titanium alloys. In addition, processing parameters affecting performance measures of each drilling method are discussed. The main problem associated with conventional twist drilling is extreme processing temperature, resulting in rapid tool wear and extensive burrs formation. These issues cause the cost for titanium alloy drilling to be relatively high as compared with twist drilling of other materials. To minimize these issues, researchers have developed several unconventional drilling methods, aiming to minimize issues found in conventional twist drilling.

ACS Style

Chua Guang Yuan; A. Pramanik; A. K. Basak; C. Prakash; S. Shankar. Drilling of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) – a review. Machining Science and Technology 2021, 1 -66.

AMA Style

Chua Guang Yuan, A. Pramanik, A. K. Basak, C. Prakash, S. Shankar. Drilling of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) – a review. Machining Science and Technology. 2021; ():1-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chua Guang Yuan; A. Pramanik; A. K. Basak; C. Prakash; S. Shankar. 2021. "Drilling of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) – a review." Machining Science and Technology , no. : 1-66.

Short communication
Published: 21 June 2021 in Materials Letters
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The aim of research work is to synthesis a dense and compact functionalized TiO2-loaded HAp-layer using ball-burnishing assisted electric discharge cladding (BB-EDC) process to improve the biomechanical performance of the β-Ti alloy. The EDC process developed a rich layer of TiO2-loaded HAp, and ZrO2 burnishing balls induced compressive force that plastically deformed the developed layer as a result fine-grain formed in the superficial zone near the top surface that increased biomechanical properties. A flat and dense 5–10 µm thick TiO2-loaded HAp layer was synthesized that possessed high surface hardness (848 Hv) as compared to the untreated surface (285 Hv). The BB-EDC treated surface offered better fatigue strength (490 MPa) and corrosion resistance (low Icor: 8.18 µA/cm2) as compared to the untreated alloy. The TiO2-loading in HAp coating acted as a protein absorber and promoted cell growth; thus, possessed excellent bioactivity compared to the untreated surface. In conclusion, the BB-EDC can be utilized as a surface engineering technique for biomedical and other industrial applications.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Rahul Wandra; Sunpreet Singh; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Aditya Aggarwal; N. Yadaiah. Synthesis of functionalized TiO2-loaded HAp-coating by ball-burnishing assisted electric discharge cladding process. Materials Letters 2021, 301, 130282 .

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Rahul Wandra, Sunpreet Singh, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Basak, Aditya Aggarwal, N. Yadaiah. Synthesis of functionalized TiO2-loaded HAp-coating by ball-burnishing assisted electric discharge cladding process. Materials Letters. 2021; 301 ():130282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Rahul Wandra; Sunpreet Singh; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Aditya Aggarwal; N. Yadaiah. 2021. "Synthesis of functionalized TiO2-loaded HAp-coating by ball-burnishing assisted electric discharge cladding process." Materials Letters 301, no. : 130282.

Conference paper
Published: 17 June 2021 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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In the current study, a comparative study on the surface modification of β-Phase titanium alloy has been carried out using electric discharge machining (EDM) and ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding (BB-EDC) process to improve the surface hardness and surface finish for the potential use of biomedical implants. The surface characteristics of Edmed and BB-EDC modified surface has been investigated. The effect of EDM and BB-EDC process parameters such as peak-current, pulse-duration and supply-voltage on the surface roughness and micro-hardness has been studied. The roughness was measured using a surface profilometer and surface hardness was measured using Vicker’s micro-hardness tester. The results show that BB-EDC modified surface exhibits high surface hardness and low surface roughness as compared with EDMed surface at any parametric condition. The in the case of BB-EDC, the maximum surface hardness (848HV) and minimum surface roughness (0.56 µm) were obtained at 5A peak current, 50 µs pulse duration, and 60 V supply voltage. Moreover, the recast layer obtained after BB-EDC process was flat and smooth with 10–15 µm thickness. The obtained surface from BB-EDC process was free from defects and can be used for biomedical implant application.

ACS Style

Rahul Wandra; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. Investigation on surface roughness and hardness of β-Ti alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for bio-medical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rahul Wandra, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh. Investigation on surface roughness and hardness of β-Ti alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for bio-medical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahul Wandra; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. 2021. "Investigation on surface roughness and hardness of β-Ti alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for bio-medical applications." Materials Today: Proceedings , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 16 June 2021 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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In the present research work, an attempt has been made to enhance the surface integrity (roughness and microhardness) of β-Phase Titanium Alloy using ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding (BB-EDC) process. The effect of BB-EDC process parameters such as peak-current, pulse-duration, and supply-voltage on the surface roughness has been studied. For experimentation, a BB-EDC experimental set-up has been fabricated in-house on the Sparkonix die-sinking EDM machine. The experimentation has been performed according to a mixed-mode L-18 orthogonal array. The roughness was measured using a surface profilometer. The surface hardness was measured using Vicker’s microhardness tester. It has been observed that BB-EDC reduced surface roughness significantly and highest contributing factor. FE-SEM morphology investigation revealed that BB-EDC removed the surface irregularities and flat the surface, thus surface roughness decreased and finishing improved. Moreover, BB-EDC improved the surface hardness owing to comprise force generated by hard-ceramic balls. At optimized conditions, the minimum surface roughness and micro-hardness were measured around 0.61 µm and 848 HV, respectively. The obtained results show that the BB-EDC treated surface can be used for biomedical implant applications.

ACS Style

Rahul Wandra; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. Experimental investigation and optimization of surface roughness of β-Phase titanium alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for implant applications. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rahul Wandra, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh. Experimental investigation and optimization of surface roughness of β-Phase titanium alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for implant applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahul Wandra; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. 2021. "Experimental investigation and optimization of surface roughness of β-Phase titanium alloy by ball burnishing assisted electrical discharge cladding for implant applications." Materials Today: Proceedings , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Materials
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Ti-6Al-4V is an alloy that has a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is known as an alpha-beta titanium alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This alloy has a wide range of applications, e.g., in the aerospace and biomedical industries. Examples of alpha stabilizers are aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, which are added to titanium. Examples of beta stabilizers are titanium–iron, titanium–chromium, and titanium–manganese. Despite the exceptional properties, the processing of this titanium alloy is challenging when using conventional methods as it is quite a hard and tough material. Nonconventional methods are required to create intricate and complex geometries, which are difficult with the traditional methods. The present study focused on machining Ti-6Al-4V using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and conducting numerous experiments to establish the machining parameters. The optimal setting of the machining parameters was predicted using a multiresponse optimization technique. Experiments were planned using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance and contribution of the input parameters to changes in the output characteristics (cutting speed and surface roughness). The cutting speed obtained during the processing of the annealed titanium alloy using WEDM was quite large as compared to the cutting speed obtained in the case of processing the pure, quenched, and hardened titanium alloys using WEDM. The maximum cutting speed obtained while processing the annealed titanium alloy was 1.75 mm/min.

ACS Style

Nitin Gupta; Nalin Somani; Chander Prakash; Ranjit Singh; Arminder Walia; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy. Materials 2021, 14, 2292 .

AMA Style

Nitin Gupta, Nalin Somani, Chander Prakash, Ranjit Singh, Arminder Walia, Sunpreet Singh, Catalin Pruncu. Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nitin Gupta; Nalin Somani; Chander Prakash; Ranjit Singh; Arminder Walia; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy." Materials 14, no. 9: 2292.

Article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
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This study outlines a sustainable development of Mn-ZnO-reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE)-based feedstock filament, using twin screw extrusion (TSE) process, for fused filament fabrication-based additive manufacturing technology. Mn-ZnO-based reinforcement, known for its functional properties, has been utilized to tune the thermo-mechanical, morphological, and piezoelectric characteristics of LPDE. Functional feedstock filaments have been manufactured by varying twin screw compounder processing parameters such as barrel temperature (120, 130, and 140 °C), screw torque (0.15, 0.20, and 0.20 N.m) and forced loading (5, 10 and 15 kg). The results of the study suggested that the better mechanical properties of feedstock filament were attained at 140 °C barrel temperature, 0.25 N.m screw torque, and 10kg forced loading in TSE. The result of the tensile properties is supported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), piezoelectric property (D33 measurement), shape memory effect and differential scanning calorimetric analysis.

ACS Style

RanVijay Kumar; Rupinder Singh; Vinay Kumar; Pawan Kumar; Chander Prakesh; Sunpreet Singh. Characterization of in-House-Developed Mn-ZnO-Reinforced Polyethylene: A Sustainable Approach for Developing Fused Filament Fabrication-Based Filament. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

RanVijay Kumar, Rupinder Singh, Vinay Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Chander Prakesh, Sunpreet Singh. Characterization of in-House-Developed Mn-ZnO-Reinforced Polyethylene: A Sustainable Approach for Developing Fused Filament Fabrication-Based Filament. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

RanVijay Kumar; Rupinder Singh; Vinay Kumar; Pawan Kumar; Chander Prakesh; Sunpreet Singh. 2021. "Characterization of in-House-Developed Mn-ZnO-Reinforced Polyethylene: A Sustainable Approach for Developing Fused Filament Fabrication-Based Filament." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Materials
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Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.

ACS Style

Raman Kumar; Rohit Dubey; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Grzegorz Królczyk; Roman Chudy. Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component. Materials 2021, 14, 2084 .

AMA Style

Raman Kumar, Rohit Dubey, Sehijpal Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Grzegorz Królczyk, Roman Chudy. Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):2084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raman Kumar; Rohit Dubey; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Grzegorz Królczyk; Roman Chudy. 2021. "Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component." Materials 14, no. 8: 2084.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The use of dental hand pieces endanger dentists to vibration exposure as they are subjected to very high amplitude and vibration frequency. This paper has envisaged a comparative analysis of vibration amplitudes and transmissibility during idling and drilling with micro motor (MM) and air-turbine (AT) hand pieces. The study aims to identify the mean difference in vibration amplitudes during idling, explore different grasp forces while drilling with irrigant injection by the dentist, and various vibration transmission of these hand pieces. The study utilized 22 separate frequency resonances on two new and eight used MMs and two new and eight used ATs of different brands by observing the investigator at 16 different dentist clinics. The study adopted a descriptive research design with non–probability sampling techniques for selecting dentists and hand pieces. Statistical methods like Levene Test of Homogeneity, Welch ANOVA, independent t-test, and Games–Howell test were utilized with SPSS version 22 and MS-Excel. The results reveal that vibration amplitudes and vibration transmissibility when measured at position 2 are higher than in another position 1. Vibrations during idling for used MMs are more than AT hand pieces, and the used MM (MUD) and used AT (AUA) hand pieces differ due to their obsolescence and over-usage. Vibration amplitudes increase every time with the tightening of grasping of the hand piece. Vibration amplitudes for each grasping style of MM hand piece differ from all other grasping styles of AT hand pieces. Routine exposure to consistent vibrations has ill physical, mental, and psychological effects on dentists. The used hand pieces more hazardous as compared to newer ones. The study suggests that these hand pieces must be replaced periodically, sufficient to break between two operations, especially after every hand piece usage. Hence, the present research work can be further extended by creating some control groups among dentists and then studying the vibration amplitude exposure of various dental hand pieces and subsequent transmissibility to their body parts.

ACS Style

Harish Banga; Pankaj Goel; Raman Kumar; Vikas Kumar; Parveen Kalra; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Catalin Pruncu. Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4084 .

AMA Style

Harish Banga, Pankaj Goel, Raman Kumar, Vikas Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Sehijpal Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Catalin Pruncu. Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harish Banga; Pankaj Goel; Raman Kumar; Vikas Kumar; Parveen Kalra; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4084.

Conference paper
Published: 31 March 2021 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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Titanium and its alloys have become the ultimate choice for the next era of orthopedic implants such as Hip stem, acetabular cup, and orthopedic accessories. This critical review presents the challenges in fabrication and solutions (surface engineering) to successfully implement Ti alloys in biomedical industries successfully. A critical review on the application surface modification of Ti-alloy using thermal spray coatings has been reported. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used as vital biological coating-materials for load-bearing implant applications, mostly hip implants. Moreover, the research papers also present bibliometric analysis that reveals the researcher's information and their affiliation for significant contribution in the area of Ha-coatings on Ti-alloy using plasma spray techniques.

ACS Style

Harjit Singh; Raman Kumar; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. HA-based coating by plasma spray techniques on titanium alloy for orthopedic applications. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Harjit Singh, Raman Kumar, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh. HA-based coating by plasma spray techniques on titanium alloy for orthopedic applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harjit Singh; Raman Kumar; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh. 2021. "HA-based coating by plasma spray techniques on titanium alloy for orthopedic applications." Materials Today: Proceedings , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Materials
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In the present research work, an effort has been made to explore the potential of using the adhesive tapes while drilling CFRPs. The input parameters, such as drill bit diameter, point angle, Scotch tape layers, spindle speed, and feed rate have been studied in response to thrust force, torque, circularity, diameter error, surface roughness, and delamination occurring during drilling. It has been found that the increase in point angle increased the delamination, while increase in Scotch tape layers reduced delamination. The surface roughness decreased with the increase in drill diameter and point angle, while it increased with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. The best low roughness was obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.11 mm/rev feed rate, and 2250 rpm speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The circularity error initially increased with drill bit diameter and point angle, but then decreased sharply with further increase in the drill bit diameter. Further, the circularity error has non-linear behavior with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. Low circularity error has been obtained at 4 mm diameter, 118° point angle, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 RPM speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The low diameter error has been obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.12 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 rpm speed at three layer Scotch tape. From the optical micro-graphs of drilled holes, it has been found that the point angle is one of the most effective process parameters that significantly affects the delamination mechanism, followed by Scotch tape layers as compared to other parameters such as drill bit diameter, spindle speed, and feed rate.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Yu Dong; Sujan Debnath; Subramaniam Shankar; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Wu; Hongyu Zheng. Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. Materials 2021, 14, 1699 .

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Basak, Yu Dong, Sujan Debnath, Subramaniam Shankar, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Wu, Hongyu Zheng. Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Yu Dong; Sujan Debnath; Subramaniam Shankar; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Wu; Hongyu Zheng. 2021. "Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers." Materials 14, no. 7: 1699.

Technical paper
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
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Laser beam welding and electron beam welding are the most recent joining technologies that interface engineering and physics concepts. The present research work focuses on the comparison of the microstructural and mechanical performances of Ti6Al4V, an alloy that displays sensible weldability owing to high susceptibility to oxidation process at elevated temperature, welded joints by using laser and electron beam welding. The as-welded alloy has been examined to study the effect of similar heat input conditions and focal point positions on butt-joint Ti6Al4V specimens in response of the weld morphology, microstructural feature, micro-hardness distribution and angular deformation. The results indicated that electron beam welding process is more appropriate and favorable to join Ti6Al4V alloy specimens and full penetrated electron beam weld joint is procured without any defects. However, narrow weld seam with refined grain structures is developed in the weld zone of laser beam welded specimens. Also, defocusing the beam position by − 1 mm contributed to grain refinement in the weld zone of laser and electron beam welded specimens. Moreover, the magnitude of micro-hardness distribution in the weld zone of laser beam weldments is higher than electron beam weldments by 0.66 times. However, the micro-hardness magnitude is substantially enhanced by 32% and 16% for laser and electron beam weldments, respectively, due to negative defocusing beam position. From the results, it is determined that the magnitude of angular deflection is higher for laser beam weldments than electron beam weldments due to higher difference in fusion zone areas across the neutral axis. Moreover, angular deflection magnitude in electron and laser beam weldments is lowered by 15.8% and 7.4%, respectively, due to negative defocusing beam position.

ACS Style

Sohini Chowdhury; N. Yadaiah; M. Murlidhar; Deepati Anil Kumar; C. P. Paul; S. K. Patra; Sunpreet Singh; Grzegorz Królczyk; Chander Prakash. Comparison of microstructure and mechanical performance of laser and electron beam welded Ti6Al4V alloy. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2021, 43, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Sohini Chowdhury, N. Yadaiah, M. Murlidhar, Deepati Anil Kumar, C. P. Paul, S. K. Patra, Sunpreet Singh, Grzegorz Królczyk, Chander Prakash. Comparison of microstructure and mechanical performance of laser and electron beam welded Ti6Al4V alloy. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2021; 43 (3):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohini Chowdhury; N. Yadaiah; M. Murlidhar; Deepati Anil Kumar; C. P. Paul; S. K. Patra; Sunpreet Singh; Grzegorz Królczyk; Chander Prakash. 2021. "Comparison of microstructure and mechanical performance of laser and electron beam welded Ti6Al4V alloy." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 43, no. 3: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Amid bone grinding, a part of the hard tissue (i.e. bone) is usually removed to gain clearer operative excess to the tumours present beneath the bone. The tool wear and tool loading influence the thermal as well as mechanical conditions of surgery. The rise in temperature during osteotomy may cause severe consequence like thermogenesis and damage to optic nerves, cervical, and sciatic nerves. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate the burr wear with different shaped grinding burrs. The burr wear is characterized in terms of burr loading, dislodging and fracture in abrasives. The burr loading is further quantified on the amount of bone adhered over the surface of the burr. The results of surface characterization revealed that minimum wear occurred in case of convex shape burr whereas cylindrical burr caused the highest wear in terms of abrasive fragmentation, dislodging, and wear flats. The minimum percentage of weight reduction observed with the convex burr i.e., 1.68% including 0.4196 g weight of dislodged abrasive (Wab) and corresponding burr loading is observed as 0.1464 g. The maximum burr loading was seen in the case of the spherical burr (Wb) i.e. 0.5907 g.

ACS Style

Atul Babbar; Vivek Jain; Dheeraj Gupta; Deepak Agrawal; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H.Y. Zheng; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy. Experimental analysis of wear and multi-shape burr loading during neurosurgical bone grinding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 12, 15 -28.

AMA Style

Atul Babbar, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Deepak Agrawal, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Yongling Wu, H.Y. Zheng, Grzegorz Królczyk, Marta Bogdan-Chudy. Experimental analysis of wear and multi-shape burr loading during neurosurgical bone grinding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 12 ():15-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Atul Babbar; Vivek Jain; Dheeraj Gupta; Deepak Agrawal; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H.Y. Zheng; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy. 2021. "Experimental analysis of wear and multi-shape burr loading during neurosurgical bone grinding." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 12, no. : 15-28.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Materials
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Investigation of the selective laser melting (SLM) process, using finite element method, to understand the influences of laser power and scanning speed on the heat flow and melt-pool dimensions is a challenging task. Most of the existing studies are focused on the study of thin layer thickness and comparative study of same materials under different manufacturing conditions. The present work is focused on comparative analysis of thermal cycles and complex melt-pool behavior of a high layer thickness multi-layer laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of pure Titanium (Ti) and Inconel 718. A transient 3D finite-element model is developed to perform a quantitative comparative study on two materials to examine the temperature distribution and disparities in melt-pool behaviours under similar processing conditions. It is observed that the layers are properly melted and sintered for the considered process parameters. The temperature and melt-pool increases as laser power move in the same layer and when new layers are added. The same is observed when the laser power increases, and opposite is observed for increasing scanning speed while keeping other parameters constant. It is also found that Inconel 718 alloy has a higher maximum temperature than Ti material for the same process parameter and hence higher melt-pool dimensions.

ACS Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh; Sohini Chowdhury; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Anil Kumar Deepati; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; Hongyu Y. Zheng; Catalin Pruncu. A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method. Materials 2021, 14, 876 .

AMA Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh, Sohini Chowdhury, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Anil Kumar Deepati, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Yongling Wu, Hongyu Y. Zheng, Catalin Pruncu. A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method. Materials. 2021; 14 (4):876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh; Sohini Chowdhury; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Anil Kumar Deepati; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; Hongyu Y. Zheng; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method." Materials 14, no. 4: 876.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Measurement
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Electron beam welding process is one such advanced fusion welding technique that fabricates structural parts with high dimensional precision and induces minimum thermal stresses and distortion. However, with incorporation of tack procedure prior to full pass electron beam welding process the effect of distortion and stresses in welded parts is lowered significantly. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of incorporation and elimination of tack operation prior to full pass electron beam welding process in 5 mm thick butt-jointed Ti6Al4V alloy plates. The influence of electron beam current is analyzed for tack and full pass electron beam welding procedures with an aim to produce full penetrated defect free weld joint. The characteristics difference in terms of macro and microstructural properties, microhardness distribution and welding induced angular deformation is evaluated for electron beam welded specimens. It is found that the weld width, undercut defect, and angular deformation was reduced by 7.6%, 4.2%, and 22%, respectively due to incorporation of tack procedure prior to full pass welding operation. The refined martensitic phases were observed in the fusion zone of tack welded specimens due to solidification process which enhanced the hardness of the joints. Moreover, finite element results revealed that induced thermal stresses are highly localized and longitudinal stress is more prominent across the weld joint. The angular deflection and plastic strain magnitude is estimated to be lower in specimens that are joined initially with tack operation. Moreover, the numerically computed angular deflection magnitude validates well with the experimentally measured deflection values.

ACS Style

Sohini Chowdhury; N. Yadaiah; D. Anil Kumar; M. Murlidhar; C.P. Paul; Chander Prakash; Grzegorz Królczyk; Alokesh Pramanik. Influence of tack operation on metallographic and angular distortion in electron beam welding of Ti-6l-4V alloy. Measurement 2021, 175, 109160 .

AMA Style

Sohini Chowdhury, N. Yadaiah, D. Anil Kumar, M. Murlidhar, C.P. Paul, Chander Prakash, Grzegorz Królczyk, Alokesh Pramanik. Influence of tack operation on metallographic and angular distortion in electron beam welding of Ti-6l-4V alloy. Measurement. 2021; 175 ():109160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohini Chowdhury; N. Yadaiah; D. Anil Kumar; M. Murlidhar; C.P. Paul; Chander Prakash; Grzegorz Królczyk; Alokesh Pramanik. 2021. "Influence of tack operation on metallographic and angular distortion in electron beam welding of Ti-6l-4V alloy." Measurement 175, no. : 109160.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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This study describes the effect of magnetorheological fluid assisted magnetic abrasive finishing (MRAF) process on the surface topography of fine finished high strength biomedical grade β-phase Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr (β-TNTZ) alloy for orthopedic applications. β-type Ti–35Nb–7Ta–5Zr alloy exhibit high strength, better corrosion resistance and excellent bioactivity in comparison with Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The topographic features of finished surfaces (including surface roughness, skewness, and kurtosis), percentage change in surface roughness, and material removal have been studied to understand the influence of MRAF processing parameters, such as carbonyl iron particles proportion, diamond abrasive particles proportion, rotational speed of the abrasive tool, and work gap between workpiece and abrasive tool. Furthermore, MRAF finishing has been conducted using raster and spiral strategies. The topographic characteristics of the finished surfaces have been measured using a noncontact three-dimensional Surface Profilometer and atomic force microscopy. The results of the study showed that all the input process parameters have strongly influenced the surface characteristics in both quantitative (material removal) and qualitative measures (Surface roughness). The β-TNTZ have possed excellent bio-mechanical properties such as high compressive strength (1195 MPa), micro-hardness (515 HV), corrosion resistance, and excellent bioactivity. The best optimal condition to obtain lowest SR (9 nm) and highest MR (65 mg) was obtained in the case of rater path finishing strategy at CIP – 40%vol., Dv – 3.5%vol., Nt – 900 rpm, and Gp – 1 mm. The maximum percentage change in surface roughness (%ΔRa) was measured around 97.68% and 93.27% in raster and spiral path strategy, respectively. The minimum surface finish ranging about 9 nm has been achieved through the MRAF process. Further, the raster path strategy has been found more effective in producing negative skewness (Ssk), kurtosis (Sku) value less than 3, and minimum number of peaks density (Spd). The overall results of the study suggested that MRAF of β-TNTZ alloy is a good solution for obtaining fine-finished orthopedic devices while sustaining their tribological and wear properties.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesk Basak; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Yongling Linda Wu; H.Y. Zheng. Experimental investigation into nano-finishing of β-TNTZ alloy using magnetorheological fluid magnetic abrasive finishing process for orthopedic applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 11, 600 -617.

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesk Basak, Grzegorz Królczyk, Marta Bogdan-Chudy, Yongling Linda Wu, H.Y. Zheng. Experimental investigation into nano-finishing of β-TNTZ alloy using magnetorheological fluid magnetic abrasive finishing process for orthopedic applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 11 ():600-617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesk Basak; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Yongling Linda Wu; H.Y. Zheng. 2021. "Experimental investigation into nano-finishing of β-TNTZ alloy using magnetorheological fluid magnetic abrasive finishing process for orthopedic applications." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 11, no. : 600-617.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Materials
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The present work explores the potential of magneto-rheological fluid assisted abrasive finishing (MRF-AF) for obtaining precise surface topography of an in-house developed β-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) alloy for orthopedic applications. Investigations have been made to study the influence of the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIP), rotational speed (Nt), and working gap (Gp) in response to material removal (MR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the finished sample using a design of experimental technique. Further, the corrosion performance of the finished samples has also been analyzed through simulated body fluid (SBF) testing. It has been found that the selected input process parameters significantly influenced the observed MR and Ra values at 95% confidence level. Apart from this, it has been found that Gp and Nt exhibited the maximum contribution in the optimized values of the MR and Ra, respectively. Further, the corrosion analysis of the finished samples specified that the resistance against corrosion is a direct function of the surface finish. The morphological analysis of the corroded morphologies indicated that the rough sites of the implant surface have provided the nuclei for corrosion mechanics that ultimately resulted in the shredding of the appetite layer. Overall results highlighted that the MRF-AF is a potential technique for obtaining nano-scale finishing of the high-strength β-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy.

ACS Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Rajasekhara Shabadi; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Atul Babbar. Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis. Materials 2020, 13, 5156 .

AMA Style

Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Basak, Rajasekhara Shabadi, Grzegorz Królczyk, Marta Bogdan-Chudy, Atul Babbar. Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis. Materials. 2020; 13 (22):5156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Rajasekhara Shabadi; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Atul Babbar. 2020. "Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis." Materials 13, no. 22: 5156.