Estimating the gamma dose rate at one meter above ground level and determining the distribution of radioactive pollution from aerial radiation monitoring data are the core technical issues of unmanned aerial vehicle nuclear radiation monitoring. In this paper, a reconstruction algorithm of the ground radioactivity distribution based on spectral deconvolution was proposed for the problem of regional surface source radioactivity distribution reconstruction and dose rate estimation. The algorithm estimates unknown radioactive nuclide types and their distributions using spectrum deconvolution and introduces energy windows to improve the accuracy of the deconvolution results, achieving accurate reconstruction of multiple continuous distribution radioactive nuclides and their distributions, as well as dose rate estimation of one meter above ground level. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified through cases of single-nuclide (¹³⁷Cs) and multi-nuclide (¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co) surface sources by modeling and solving them. The results showed that the cosine similarities between the estimated ground radioactivity distribution and dose rate distribution with the true value were 0.9950 and 0.9965, respectively, which could prove that the proposed reconstruction algorithm would effectively distinguish multiple radioactive nuclides and accurately restore their radioactivity distribution. Finally, the influences of statistical fluctuation levels and the number of energy windows on the deconvolution results were analyzed, showing that the lower the statistical fluctuation level and the more energy window divisions, the better the deconvolution results.

To overcome the temperature effect of NaI(Tl) detectors for energy spectrometry without additional hardware, a new correction method was put forward based on pulse deconvolution, trapezoidal shaping and amplitude correction, named DTSAC. To verify this method, actual pulses from a NaI(Tl)-PMT detector were measured at various temperatures from −20 °C to 50 °C. Pulse processing and spectrum synthesis showed that the position drift of the ¹³⁷Cs 662 keV peak was less than 3 keV, and the corresponding resolution at 662 keV of the sum spectra ranged from 6.91% to 10.60% with the trapezoidal width set from 1000 ns to 100 ns. The DTSAC method corrects the temperature effect via pulse processing, and needs no reference peak, reference spectrum or additional circuits. The method solves the problem of correction of pulse shape and pulse amplitude at the same time, and can be used even at a high counting rate.

To overcome the temperature effect of NaI(Tl) detectors for energy spectrometry without additional hardware, a new correction method was put forward based on pulse deconvolution, trapezoidal shaping and amplitude correction, named DTSAC. To verify this method, actual pulses from a NaI(Tl)-PMT detector were measured at different temperatures from -20℃ to 50℃. Pulse processing and spectrum synthesis showed that the position drift of the 662 keV peak was less than 3 keV, and the corresponding resolution at 662 keV of the sum spectra ranges from 6.9% to 10.60% with trapezoidal width set as 1000 ns to 100 ns. The DTSAC method corrects temperature effect by pulse processing, and need no reference peak, reference spectrum and additional circuits. The method solves the problem of correction of pulse shape and pulse amplitude at the same time, and can be used even at high counting rate.