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Prof. Dr. Jadwiga Hamulka
Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

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Review
Published: 04 July 2021 in Nutrients
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There is growing evidence that bone health may be programmed in the first years of life. Factors during the prenatal period, especially maternal nutrition, may have an influence on offspring’s skeletal development and thus the risk of osteoporosis in further life, which is an increasing societal, health and economic burden. However, it is still inconclusive which early life factors are the most important and to what extent they may affect bone health. We searched through three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) and after eligibility criteria were met, the results of 49 articles were analyzed. This narrative review is an overall summary of up-to-date studies on maternal diet, nutritional status, and birth-related factors that may affect offspring bone development, particularly bone mineral density (BMD). Maternal vitamin D status and diet in pregnancy, anthropometry and birth weight seem to influence BMD, however other factors such as subsequent growth may mediate these associations. Due to the ambiguity of the results in the analyzed studies, future, well-designed studies are needed to address the limitations of the present study.

ACS Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Monika Zielinska-Pukos; Jadwiga Hamulka. Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2302 .

AMA Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek, Monika Zielinska-Pukos, Jadwiga Hamulka. Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (7):2302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Monika Zielinska-Pukos; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2021. "Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring’s Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials." Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2302.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Nutrients
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The study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of a multi-component education (ABC-HEat) program related to healthy nutrition and lifestyle after three months and nine months and to assess the socioeconomic context in improving teenage nutrition knowledge. The study was designed as a clustered, controlled, education-based intervention. A sample was chosen and allocated into either an educated group (under intervention) or a control group (outside of intervention). The study covered 464 11–12-year-old students (educated/control 319/145). In the educated group, data were collected three times: before education, after three months and after nine months to measure the short- and the long-term effects of education, respectively. In the control group, data were collected in parallel. Changes in nutrition knowledge score (NKS, points) by sex, residence, family affluence scale (FAS) were the main outcome measures. The increase in the NKS was significantly higher in the educated group than in the control group—three months after education on average by 1.4 to 2.7 points (all p< 0.001) in the total sample and all subgroups, and nine months after education in rural residents by 2.2 points (p< 0.001) and in the total sample by 0.4 (p< 0.05). In the educated group, the chance of no increase in the NKS was higher in urban than rural residents after three months and nine months (adjusted odds ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]: 3.63, 1.80–7.31 and 2.99, 1.60–5.59, respectively, both p< 0.001) using the increase in the NKS by ≥4 points as a reference. The multi-component education program improved the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in the short term regardless of socioeconomic variables, but in the long term this effect was visible only in rural residents. It suggests that a special path of nutrition education addressed to urban teens may be required.

ACS Style

Lidia Wadolowska; Malgorzata Kostecka; Joanna Kowalkowska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Marzena Tomaszewska; Anna Danielewicz; Jadwiga Hamulka. Sustainability of a Multi-Component Education Program (ABC of Healthy Eating) after Three Months and Nine Months: The Socioeconomic Context in Improving Nutrition Knowledge in Polish Teenagers. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1661 .

AMA Style

Lidia Wadolowska, Malgorzata Kostecka, Joanna Kowalkowska, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Marzena Tomaszewska, Anna Danielewicz, Jadwiga Hamulka. Sustainability of a Multi-Component Education Program (ABC of Healthy Eating) after Three Months and Nine Months: The Socioeconomic Context in Improving Nutrition Knowledge in Polish Teenagers. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lidia Wadolowska; Malgorzata Kostecka; Joanna Kowalkowska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Marzena Tomaszewska; Anna Danielewicz; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2021. "Sustainability of a Multi-Component Education Program (ABC of Healthy Eating) after Three Months and Nine Months: The Socioeconomic Context in Improving Nutrition Knowledge in Polish Teenagers." Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1661.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Nutrients
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Food neophobia (FN) is associated with reduced quality of diet in adults; thus, the understanding of the relationship between FN and food consumption in more depth appears to be a key issue. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between food neophobia, dietary patterns, food choice motives, and food label reading in the group of adults. Data were collected using the computer-assisted personal interviewing technique (CAPI). A cross-sectional quantitative survey was carried out in November–December 2017 in a sample of 1017 Polish adults. The questionnaire used in the study included the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), and questions regarding food choice motives, reading food labels, and sociodemographic characteristics. The food neophobics were older, had a lower level of education, and had higher BMI compared to others. Compared to others, among the food neophobics, there were more people who often consumed vegetables, fruit, meat, and meat products and who rarely consumed functional and convenience food, sweets, and sweetened beverages. When choosing food, more food neophobics chose healthy and tasteless food products, while more food neophilics chose unhealthy and tasty products. More food neophobics declared not reading price and shelf-life information on food labels compared to the other two groups. Although food neophobia may make adaptation to dietary recommendations difficult, health-promoting features of the diet were observed within the food neophobics. Actions focusing on food choice motives may help even more to limit the effects of food neophobia in adults. Further research is recommended to confirm the observed relationships under different sociocultural conditions.

ACS Style

Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz; Marta Plichta; Małgorzata Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka. Food Neophobia among Adults: Differences in Dietary Patterns, Food Choice Motives, and Food Labels Reading in Poles. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1590 .

AMA Style

Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz, Marta Plichta, Małgorzata Drywień, Jadwiga Hamulka. Food Neophobia among Adults: Differences in Dietary Patterns, Food Choice Motives, and Food Labels Reading in Poles. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz; Marta Plichta; Małgorzata Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2021. "Food Neophobia among Adults: Differences in Dietary Patterns, Food Choice Motives, and Food Labels Reading in Poles." Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1590.

Earlycite article
Published: 08 March 2021 in British Food Journal
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and practices of selected group of Polish children in early school age in terms of issues such as: (1) the principles of food preparation, storage and eating meals; (2) personal hygiene; and (3) basic information about microorganisms. Design/methodology/approach The auditorium survey method was used. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions related to the children's knowledge of personal hygiene, the principles of food preparation and storage and the physiology of microorganisms and 13 questions related to the children's personal and food hygiene practice. In total, 169 questionnaires were collected. The study group of children had incomplete knowledge and often reported inappropriate food hygiene practices. Findings The subjects of food preparation and storage and knowledge of microbes were particular problem areas. By contrast, aspects related to handwashing, the appropriate practices while coughing or sneezing and washing fruit before consumption were positively evaluated. The children demonstrated the most knowledge in the field of personal hygiene. However, a very low percentage of correct answers was noted for the question about handwashing at school. None of the 13 questions related to this practice received more than 90% correct answers. The boys and girls demonstrated a comparable level of knowledge and practice in the area of food safety. It was showed that the place of school influenced answers to a greater extent compared to gender. Originality/value The results of the study play an important role in the prevention of food poisoning and are useful for the teachers, staff of training institutions and parents. They can also inspire institutions in countries with a high incidence of food poisoning to search for the causes in the inappropriate hygienic practices of young children.

ACS Style

Marzena Tomaszewska; Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska; Monika Trząskowska; Joanna Trafialek; Lidia Wadolowska; Jadwiga Hamulka. Self-reported food safety knowledge and practices of early-school-aged children – a result of analysis in towns near the Warsaw city. British Food Journal 2021, 123, 2461 -2477.

AMA Style

Marzena Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska, Monika Trząskowska, Joanna Trafialek, Lidia Wadolowska, Jadwiga Hamulka. Self-reported food safety knowledge and practices of early-school-aged children – a result of analysis in towns near the Warsaw city. British Food Journal. 2021; 123 (7):2461-2477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marzena Tomaszewska; Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska; Monika Trząskowska; Joanna Trafialek; Lidia Wadolowska; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2021. "Self-reported food safety knowledge and practices of early-school-aged children – a result of analysis in towns near the Warsaw city." British Food Journal 123, no. 7: 2461-2477.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Nutrients
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The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016–2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of “Fast food & alcohol” and “Refined food & sweetened beverages” dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the “Fat food” and “Butter” DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from “Fast food & alcohol” DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables.

ACS Style

Małgorzata Ewa Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka; Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz. Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults? Nutrients 2021, 13, 170 .

AMA Style

Małgorzata Ewa Drywień, Jadwiga Hamulka, Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz. Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults? Nutrients. 2021; 13 (1):170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Małgorzata Ewa Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka; Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz. 2021. "Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults?" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 170.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The use of dietary supplements (DSs) has been steadily increasing all over the world and additionally, the sales of DSs have dynamical increased in the wake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in most of the countries. We investigated DSs phenomenon in 2020 through (1) exploration of Google searches worldwide and in Poland (with Google Trends (GT) tool), and (2) analyses of results of PLifeCOVID-19 Online Studies conducted during the first and second wave of the pandemic. The conducted GT analysis and cross-sectional studies revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020, the interest in immune-related compounds and foods like vitamins C and D, zinc, omega-3, garlic, ginger, or turmeric, as well as their consumption increased. Improving immunity was the main reason behind the supplementation and changes in consumption of pro-healthy foods. GT analysis has shown these interests were positively correlated with the interest in COVID-19, but adversely with cumulative cases or deaths. Respondents tended to start supplementation during the first COVID-19 wave rather than the second one. Except for the role of vitamins D and C, zinc, and selenium in patients with deficiencies of those nutrients, there are no clear and convincing studies that support the role of DSs use in COVID-19 prevention and treatment in healthy, well-nourished individuals. Moreover, as the risk of elevated intake of some nutrients due to the popularity of DSs exists, effective education of consumers in rationale use of DSs and health-protecting behaviors against COVID-19 should be developed.

ACS Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka; Małgorzata E. Drywień; Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos. Dietary Supplements during COVID-19 Outbreak. Results of Google Trends Analysis Supported by PLifeCOVID-19 Online Studies. Nutrients 2020, 13, 54 .

AMA Style

Jadwiga Hamulka, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Magdalena Górnicka, Małgorzata E. Drywień, Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos. Dietary Supplements during COVID-19 Outbreak. Results of Google Trends Analysis Supported by PLifeCOVID-19 Online Studies. Nutrients. 2020; 13 (1):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka; Małgorzata E. Drywień; Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos. 2020. "Dietary Supplements during COVID-19 Outbreak. Results of Google Trends Analysis Supported by PLifeCOVID-19 Online Studies." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 54.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Today, the time spent actively is increasingly being replaced by screen-based media, although in some teenagers, a high level of physical activity (PA) and longer time spent in front of a screen (screen time, ST) may coexist as a mixed behavioral pattern. This study aimed to examine the association of the pattern created as activity (low/high ST with high PA) and inactivity patterns (low/high ST with low PA) with overweight, central obesity, and muscle strength in Polish teenagers taking into consideration socioeconomic and demographic factors. Cross-sectional data were collected from elementary school children (n = 1567), aged 11–13 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and handgrip strength were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the overweight measure, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated as the central obesity measure. Data on ST, PA, socioeconomic status, demographics, and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. Activity–inactivity patterns were defined by an a priori approach. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was applied. The most active pattern (lowST-highPA) was found in 17% of the total sample. Teenagers with the most inactive pattern (highST-lowPA) had over four times higher chance of general overweight. No association between WHtR ≥0.5 and highST-highPA pattern was found. Higher muscle strength (>1 SD) was associated only with high physical activity. Urban residence or lower socioeconomic status increased adherence to the most inactive pattern. From a public health perspective, implementing interventions promoting active patterns in 11–13-year-old teenagers is important for obesity prevention and enhanced physical fitness, especially in girls, teenagers living in urban areas, and from families with lower socio-economic status.

ACS Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Jadwiga Hamulka; Lidia Wadolowska; Joanna Kowalkowska; Eliza Kostyra; Marzena Tomaszewska; Jan Czeczelewski; Monika Bronkowska. Activity–Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7842 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Górnicka, Jadwiga Hamulka, Lidia Wadolowska, Joanna Kowalkowska, Eliza Kostyra, Marzena Tomaszewska, Jan Czeczelewski, Monika Bronkowska. Activity–Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Jadwiga Hamulka; Lidia Wadolowska; Joanna Kowalkowska; Eliza Kostyra; Marzena Tomaszewska; Jan Czeczelewski; Monika Bronkowska. 2020. "Activity–Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7842.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2020 in Sustainability
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There is limited information on the relationships between restrictions linked to COVID-19 and changes in body weight. The aim of the study was to identify the body weight changes and their determinants in the nutritional and socio-demographic context during the COVID-19 pandemic in Polish women. During lockdown in Poland, 34% of women gained weight, while 18% of women reduced weight. As many as 44% of women with obesity before the pandemic increased their body weight, and 74% of women that were underweight reduced their body weight. In a group with weight gain, women increased their body weight by 2.8 kg on average and around 65% of them increased their total food intake. Unhealthy dietary changes and the negative lifestyle changes that comprised of an increase in screen time and a decrease in physical activity were found as key factors associated with weight gain. A higher risk of weight gain was associated with being obese before the pandemic or living in a macroeconomic region >50% of EU-28 GDP, while those younger in age and carrying out remote work had a higher chance of weight loss. Concluding, the specific conditions during lockdown worsened the nutritional status, which may increase the risk of complicatedness and mortality from COVID-19. It seems advisable to create dietary and lifestyle recommendations tailored to the individual needs of women who are underweight or have excessive body weight. More attention should be paid also to environmental impacts. Both, the reduction of excessive body weight and the maintenance of a normal weight should be based on the principle to eat and live sustainably and healthily.

ACS Style

Małgorzata Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka; Monika Zielinska-Pukos; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka. The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7768 .

AMA Style

Małgorzata Drywień, Jadwiga Hamulka, Monika Zielinska-Pukos, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Magdalena Górnicka. The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Małgorzata Drywień; Jadwiga Hamulka; Monika Zielinska-Pukos; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka. 2020. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7768.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Nutrients
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The aims of the study were to determine the socio-demographic factors that may affect body weight dissatisfaction and to analyze the relationship between eating habits and dissatisfaction with body weight among a national random sample of Polish adolescents aged 13–19 years. Data on gender, age, level of education, body weight status, screen time, body weight satisfaction and selected nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements. A total of 14,044 students from 207 schools participated in the study. A significant effect of gender, age, level of education, body weight status and screen time status on the participants’ dissatisfaction with the body weight was observed. The greater prevalence of body weight satisfaction was observed among boys, younger subjects, secondary school students, adolescents with normal body weight status and those with screen time up to 2 h. Whereas girls, older study participants (17–19 years old), overweight/obese adolescents and subjects with screen time over 4 h were more often dissatisfied with body weight. Furthermore, it has been shown that participants dissatisfied with their body weight less often met dietary recommendations. These findings can help dietitians, nutritionists and healthcare professionals to provide age-specific and gender-specific nutrition strategies to promote healthy lifestyle among school-going adolescents.

ACS Style

Agata Wawrzyniak; Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak; Anna Harton; Ewa Lange; Wacław Laskowski; Jadwiga Hamulka; Danuta Gajewska. Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2658 .

AMA Style

Agata Wawrzyniak, Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak, Anna Harton, Ewa Lange, Wacław Laskowski, Jadwiga Hamulka, Danuta Gajewska. Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (9):2658.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agata Wawrzyniak; Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak; Anna Harton; Ewa Lange; Wacław Laskowski; Jadwiga Hamulka; Danuta Gajewska. 2020. "Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors." Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2658.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Nutrients
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The present study aimed to identify patterns of dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI) before pandemic, and lifestyle changes in Polish adults and to examine the effects of lockdowns on dietary–lifestyle changes. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to collect data. The k-means algorithm was used to determine of patterns of dietary changes, and logistic regression analyses were performed. During the study period, 43% of respondents decreased physical activity (PA), 49%—increased screen time, and 34%—increased food consumption. Among the three dietary changes patterns, two opposite patterns were found: Prohealthy (28% participants) and Unhealthy (19% participants).The adherence to the Prohealthy pattern was negatively associated with age, but positively with being overweight (aOR 1.31) or obese before pandemic (aOR 1.64). Residing in a macroeconomic region with GDP > 100% decreased adherence to the Prohealthy (aOR 0.73) but increased adherence to the Unhealthy pattern (aOR 1.47). Adults over 40 years old, those living with children, unemployed, those living in a region with a higher GDP, and those not consuming homemade meals could be more exposed to unhealthy behaviors. From a public health perspective, enhancing the message “to be active” during the compulsory isolation period should be prioritized.

ACS Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Małgorzata Drywień; Monika Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamułka. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 and the Subsequent Lockdowns among Polish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2324 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Górnicka, Małgorzata Drywień, Monika Zielinska, Jadwiga Hamułka. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 and the Subsequent Lockdowns among Polish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (8):2324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Małgorzata Drywień; Monika Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamułka. 2020. "Dietary and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 and the Subsequent Lockdowns among Polish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study." Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2324.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Children aged p ≤ 0.001), however Polish mothers were more prone to use ASu (at 2 years old: 34.7% vs. 27.7%; at 3 years old: 59.0% vs. 45.8%, p ≤ 0.001). In younger toddlers (12–24 months), the odds of using of AS, ASu, and AS&Su increased with toddlers’ age, when the mother was a multipara, was not currently breastfeeding, or had exclusively breastfed for 4–5 months. This risk decreased when older toddlers (25–36 months) were introduced to solids by baby-led weaning (BLW). Toddlers from both countries who consumed meals with AS or ASu more often a followed Western-like dietary pattern. Our study emphasizes the need for parental nutritional education when beginning to introduce solid foods.

ACS Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Monika Zielinska; Petra Rust; Dorota Majchrzak; Jadwiga Hamulka. The Use of Added Salt and Sugar in the Diet of Polish and Austrian Toddlers. Associated Factors and Dietary Patterns, Feeding and Maternal Practices. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5025 .

AMA Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek, Monika Zielinska, Petra Rust, Dorota Majchrzak, Jadwiga Hamulka. The Use of Added Salt and Sugar in the Diet of Polish and Austrian Toddlers. Associated Factors and Dietary Patterns, Feeding and Maternal Practices. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5025.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Monika Zielinska; Petra Rust; Dorota Majchrzak; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2020. "The Use of Added Salt and Sugar in the Diet of Polish and Austrian Toddlers. Associated Factors and Dietary Patterns, Feeding and Maternal Practices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5025.

Conference paper
Published: 10 June 2020 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
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The sustainability of education focused on improving teenagers’ attitudes toward nutrition from a longer-term perspective has not yet been studied extensively. The aim of this study was to determine the sustainability of attitudes toward nutrition after 3 and 9 months among Polish teenagers in a follow-up study. An education-based intervention study was carried out among 464 Polish teenagers aged 11–12 years (educated/control group: 319/145). In the educated group, a multicomponent, school-based education program lasting three weeks and covering five diet-related and lifestyle-related topics was implemented. Attitudes toward nutrition were determined with a shorter version (TFEQ10; 10 statements) of a three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ13) dedicated to school-aged adolescents, where three subscales were developed: Emotional Eating (EE: 2 statements, 0–6 points), Uncontrolled Eating (UE: 5 statements, 0–15 points), and Cognitive Restraint of Eating (CRE: 3 statements, 0–9 points). The data was collected 3 times: (i) before education (at baseline), (ii) after 3 months to measure the short-term effect of education, (iii) after 9 months to measure the medium-term effect of education. Differences between groups (educated vs. control or baseline vs. follow-up) were verified with the Mann–Whitney test. At the baseline, the mean values for all three scales were not significantly different between educated and control groups, calculated separately for boys and girls as well as for normal or overweight/obese teenagers, with the exception for Emotional Eating in the total sample and normal weight students. After 3-month follow-up, the mean values decreased in an educated group for all three subscales, for the total sample (EE: 1.3 vs 1.2; UE: 5.2 vs 4.7; CRE: 4.2 vs 4.0), for both sexes, and both body weight subpopulations, while increased or remained on the same level in control group (for total sample EE: 1.5 vs 1.6; UE: 5.6 vs 5.8; CRE: 4.1 vs 4.2). After 9 months, in the educated group, the means slightly increased when compared to the means after 3 months, but were still lower than those at the baseline. This study has shown that nutritional education of teenagers 11–12 years gives a long-lasting effect of attitudes toward nutrition (Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating) visible after 3 months, and to a less extent after 9 months. We suppose, that improvement of the attitudes toward nutrition in teenagers, education programs should be regularly conducted and addressed not only to children but also to the adults responsible for children's nutrition.

ACS Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Lidia Wadolowska; Joanna Kowalkowska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Joanna Frackiewicz; Krystyna Gutkowska. Changes in Attitudes toward Nutrition after an Education Program in Polish Teenagers: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2020, 79, 1 .

AMA Style

Jadwiga Hamulka, Lidia Wadolowska, Joanna Kowalkowska, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Joanna Frackiewicz, Krystyna Gutkowska. Changes in Attitudes toward Nutrition after an Education Program in Polish Teenagers: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2020; 79 (OCE2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Lidia Wadolowska; Joanna Kowalkowska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Joanna Frackiewicz; Krystyna Gutkowska. 2020. "Changes in Attitudes toward Nutrition after an Education Program in Polish Teenagers: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, no. OCE2: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 10 June 2020 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
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Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is the method of determining body fat content based on anthropometric measurements, proposed as an alternative to the BMI. Due to the fact that the hip circumference is taken into account in calculating BAI, it is suggested that this index better reflects the differences in women and men obesity than BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association between BAI and other adiposity indices such as WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), sum of skinfolds, or adiposity tissue measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FM-BIA) among adults, independence of sex and age. The study group consisted of 336 adults (59% women, 41% men) aged 18–70 years, which was divided into two groups: 18–45 years (57%) and > 45 (43%) to further analysis. All anthropometric measurements: height (H), body weight (BW), WC, hip circumference (HC) skinfolds thickness were taken according to the standardized procedures, with light clothing and without shoes twice and averages were calculated. BIA was performed under standardized conditions according to the manufacturer's protocol (Maltron BioScan 920 ver.1.1). BAI was calculated as [HC (cm) / H (m)1.5 -18]. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between BAI and adiposity indices. BAI was positively associated with sex, age, BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI, sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds and WHtR for all subjects, but the strongest with FM-BIA (β = 0.787, p < 0.001), BMI (β = 0.696, p < 0.001) or WHtR (β = 0.625, p < 0.00001) for total group. BAI correlation with BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI or WHtR were stronger in women than in men, both for the total group and regards to age. The identified set of correlates explained (for above variables) 30–79%, of the total variation in BAI for women, and 15–49% for men. The stronger BAI correlation with sex was found in the older group (> 45 years old) than in younger (β = 0.582, p < 0.00001 vs. β = 0.372, p < 0.00001). In men aged > 45 years, stronger BAI correlations with the sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds were observed. The correlation between BAI and BW in men was weaker than in women regardless of age (β = 0.364, p < 0.00001 vs. β = 0.762, p < 0.00001). Considering strong correlation between BAI and fat content (FM-BIA), BMI, WHtR, WC and BW in women, it seems that BAI may be used to determine the content of adipose tissue or as a diagnostic marker, but in men its using need further research.

ACS Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Magdalena Górnicka; Urszula Nasuta; Joanna Frackiewicz; Agnieszka Białkowska; Małgorzata Drywień; Anna Ciecierska; Monika A. Zielinska. May Body Adiposity Index be used as adiposity diagnostic marker? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2020, 79, 1 .

AMA Style

Jadwiga Hamulka, Magdalena Górnicka, Urszula Nasuta, Joanna Frackiewicz, Agnieszka Białkowska, Małgorzata Drywień, Anna Ciecierska, Monika A. Zielinska. May Body Adiposity Index be used as adiposity diagnostic marker? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2020; 79 (OCE2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Magdalena Górnicka; Urszula Nasuta; Joanna Frackiewicz; Agnieszka Białkowska; Małgorzata Drywień; Anna Ciecierska; Monika A. Zielinska. 2020. "May Body Adiposity Index be used as adiposity diagnostic marker?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, no. OCE2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Vegetable and fruit consumption in childhood remains below recommendations in many countries. As the intake of fruit and/or vegetables during childhood in a few studies was associated with breastfeeding, it may be suggested as a serious interfering factor while analyzing the association between breastfeeding and its long-term health effects. Thus, it may be important for creation and implementation of effective public health programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and consumption of fruit or vegetables in later childhood. The study was conducted within the Project “ABC of Healthy Eating—ABC of Kids and Parents” among a representative sample of 703 pairs of mothers and children aged 7–12 years in Poland. A systematic purposive-quota selection according to gender, age, place of residence, and region of Poland was applied. The study was conducted by interviewers in the respondents’ homes in 2017. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and models adjusted for children’s age, BMI centile and gender, maternal education, employment status, and economic situation, as well as for EU–28 average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) region. Almost 86% of children were ever breastfed. Vegetables for breakfast, second breakfast, dinner, supper, and between meals were consumed by 23.9%, 18.6%, 47.4%, 26.7%, and 4.0% of children, whereas fruit was consumed by 13.9%, 46.1%, 7.7%, 12.9%, and 59.7% of children, respectively. Breastfeeding for a period of 4–6 months increased the chance of vegetable consumption for breakfast in the whole group (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.90–7.59, p ≤ 0.001) and particularly in girls (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 1.43–14.75, p ≤ 0.01) when compared to boys (aOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.32–7.63, p ≤ 0.01). Longer duration of breastfeeding (over 12 months) increased the chance of vegetable consumption for dinner in the total group (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.30–4.26, p ≤ 0.01) and particularly in girls (aOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.24–7.46, p ≤ 0.01) when compared to boys (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.01–4.95, p ≤ 0.05). We showed a positive association between breastfeeding and vegetable consumption for breakfast and dinner among children aged 7–12 years. These associations were gender-specific (stronger among girls) and were not diminished by socio-demographic factors.

ACS Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Monika A. Zielinska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka; Dominika Głąbska; Dominika Guzek; Monika Hoffmann; Krystyna Gutkowska. Analysis of Association between Breastfeeding and Vegetable or Fruit Intake in Later Childhood in a Population-Based Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3755 .

AMA Style

Jadwiga Hamulka, Monika A. Zielinska, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Magdalena Górnicka, Dominika Głąbska, Dominika Guzek, Monika Hoffmann, Krystyna Gutkowska. Analysis of Association between Breastfeeding and Vegetable or Fruit Intake in Later Childhood in a Population-Based Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3755.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jadwiga Hamulka; Monika A. Zielinska; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak; Magdalena Górnicka; Dominika Głąbska; Dominika Guzek; Monika Hoffmann; Krystyna Gutkowska. 2020. "Analysis of Association between Breastfeeding and Vegetable or Fruit Intake in Later Childhood in a Population-Based Observational Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3755.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2020 in Nutrients
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Screen time (ST) not only affects physical activity but can also be associated with dietary behaviors. Both of these factors determine the health and development of adolescents. The aims of the study were: 1. to analyze the relationship between ST and nutritional behaviors among adolescents; 2. to examine this association in relation to body weight status. Data on the ST duration and nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements. A total of 14,044 students aged 13–19 years old from 207 schools participated in the study. A significant relationship between ST and gender, age and type of school was observed, but not body weight status. The average ST duration increased with age (from 2.6 h among 13 years old to 3.2 h among 19 years old), and was significantly higher among boys in all age categories (2.7 h vs. 2.5 h in the youngest age group, and 3.5 h vs. 3.0 h in the oldest age group, respectively). The chance for meeting the recommendation for ST in a group of girls (regardless of age) was almost 50% higher compared to boys. Meeting ST recommendation (≤2 h) was associated with a greater odds ratio for favorable nutritional behaviors in the whole group, with exception of drinking milk or milk beverages, and significantly reduced the odds ratio of adverse dietary behaviors (drinking sweet beverages, consumption of sweets and fast food) in the whole group and by gender. More research is needed to clarify the possible cause-and-effect relationships between ST and dietary behaviors.

ACS Style

Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak; Anna Harton; Ewa Lange; Wacław Laskowski; Agata Wawrzyniak; Jadwiga Hamulka; Danuta Gajewska. Reduced Screen Time is Associated with Healthy Dietary Behaviors but Not Body Weight Status among Polish Adolescents. Report from the Wise Nutrition—Healthy Generation Project. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1323 .

AMA Style

Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak, Anna Harton, Ewa Lange, Wacław Laskowski, Agata Wawrzyniak, Jadwiga Hamulka, Danuta Gajewska. Reduced Screen Time is Associated with Healthy Dietary Behaviors but Not Body Weight Status among Polish Adolescents. Report from the Wise Nutrition—Healthy Generation Project. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (5):1323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak; Anna Harton; Ewa Lange; Wacław Laskowski; Agata Wawrzyniak; Jadwiga Hamulka; Danuta Gajewska. 2020. "Reduced Screen Time is Associated with Healthy Dietary Behaviors but Not Body Weight Status among Polish Adolescents. Report from the Wise Nutrition—Healthy Generation Project." Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1323.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2019 in Nutrients
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The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility of a short-form, multicomponent dietary questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) in Polish children and adolescents. The study involved 437 children (6–10 years old) and 630 adolescents (11–15 years old) from rural and urban areas of Poland. The self-administered questionnaire was related to nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, active/sedentary lifestyle, self-reported weight and height, and socioeconomic data. The questionnaire was completed with a two-week interval—twice by parents for their children (test and retest for children), twice by adolescents themselves (adolescent’s test and retest) and once by adolescents’ parents (parent’s test). The strength of agreement measured using the kappa statistic was interpreted as follows: 0–0.20 slight, 0.21–0.40 fair, 0.41–0.60 moderate, 0.61–0.80 good, and 0.81–1.00 excellent. Regarding the frequency of consumption of food items and meals, kappa statistics were 0.46–0.81 (the lowest: fruit/mixed fruit and vegetable juices; the highest: Energy drinks) in test–retest for children, 0.30–0.54 (fruit/mixed fruit and vegetable juices; breakfast, respectively) in adolescent’s test–retest, 0.27–0.56 (the lowest: Sweets, fruit, dairy products; the highest: Breakfast) in adolescent’s test and parent’s test. Lower kappa statistics were found for more frequently consumed foods (juices, fruit, vegetables), higher kappa statistics were found for rarely consumed foods (energy drinks, fast food). Across study groups, kappa statistics for diet quality scores were 0.31–0.55 (pro-healthy diet index, pHDI) and 0.26–0.45 (non-healthy diet index, nHDI), for active/sedentary lifestyle items they were 0.31–0.72, for components of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) they were 0.55–0.93, for BMI categories (based on self-reported weight and height) they were 0.64–0.67, for the nutrition knowledge (NK) of adolescents the kappa was 0.36, for the nutrition knowledge of children’s parents it was 0.62. The Spearman’s correlations for diet quality scores were 0.52–0.76 (pHDI) and 0.53–0.83 (nHDI), for screen time score they were 0.45–0.78, for physical activity score they were 0.51–0.77, for the FAS score they were 0.90–0.93, and for the NK score they were 0.68–0.80. The questionnaire can be recommended to evaluate dietary and lifestyle behaviors among children and adolescents.

ACS Style

Joanna Kowalkowska; Lidia Wadolowska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Natalia Wojtas; Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik; Witold Kozirok; Monika Bronkowska; Joanna Sadowska; Sylwia Naliwajko; Izabela Dziaduch; Aneta Koronowicz; Ewelina Piasna-Slupecka; Ewa Czeczelewska; Jan Czeczelewski; Malgorzata Kostecka; Anna Dlugosz; Dorota Loboda; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak. Reproducibility of a Short-Form, Multicomponent Dietary Questionnaire to Assess Food Frequency Consumption, Nutrition Knowledge, and Lifestyle (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) in Polish Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2929 .

AMA Style

Joanna Kowalkowska, Lidia Wadolowska, Jadwiga Hamulka, Natalia Wojtas, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik, Witold Kozirok, Monika Bronkowska, Joanna Sadowska, Sylwia Naliwajko, Izabela Dziaduch, Aneta Koronowicz, Ewelina Piasna-Slupecka, Ewa Czeczelewska, Jan Czeczelewski, Malgorzata Kostecka, Anna Dlugosz, Dorota Loboda, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak. Reproducibility of a Short-Form, Multicomponent Dietary Questionnaire to Assess Food Frequency Consumption, Nutrition Knowledge, and Lifestyle (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) in Polish Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (12):2929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Kowalkowska; Lidia Wadolowska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Natalia Wojtas; Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik; Witold Kozirok; Monika Bronkowska; Joanna Sadowska; Sylwia Naliwajko; Izabela Dziaduch; Aneta Koronowicz; Ewelina Piasna-Slupecka; Ewa Czeczelewska; Jan Czeczelewski; Malgorzata Kostecka; Anna Dlugosz; Dorota Loboda; Marta Jeruszka-Bielak. 2019. "Reproducibility of a Short-Form, Multicomponent Dietary Questionnaire to Assess Food Frequency Consumption, Nutrition Knowledge, and Lifestyle (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) in Polish Children and Adolescents." Nutrients 11, no. 12: 2929.

Review
Published: 29 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.

ACS Style

Monika A. Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamulka. Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4181 .

AMA Style

Monika A. Zielinska, Jadwiga Hamulka. Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika A. Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamulka. 2019. "Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4181.

Journal article
Published: 09 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The timing of introducing complementary feeding affects nutritional status and children’s health. The aim of this study was to determine sociodemographic and birth-related factors associated with the age of introducing complementary foods. This cross-sectional study investigated parents (n = 5815) of children aged 12–36 months from Poland (n = 4065) and Austria (n = 1750) using a single online questionnaire. During the study, detailed data about sociodemographic characteristics, variables related to pregnancy, and early feeding practices were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with the introduction of complementary feeding before 4 completed months, between 4 and 6 months, and after 6 completed months separately for both countries. Complementary foods were introduced before 4 months in 3.0% of infants (2.4% in Poland and 4.3% in Austria), between 4 and 6 months in 65.0% (60.5% in Poland and 75.3% in Austria), and after 6 completed months in 32.1% of infants (37.1% in Poland and 20.4% in Austria). The factors related to earlier introduction of complementary feeding were lower maternal age (in Austria 25–29 years: aOR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06–4.65)) and education level (in Poland and Austria primary and vocational: aOR 14.49 (95% CI 3.73–56.35), aOR 2.13 (95% CI 1.10–4.11), respectively), preterm birth (in Poland and Austria: aOR 10.21 (95% CI 5.73–18.20); aOR 4.45 (95% CI 2.42–8.18), respectively), never breastfeeding (Poland: aOR 2.73 (95% CI 1.29 – 5.76)) and receiving an infant formula after hospital discharge (in both countries: aOR 3.73 (95% CI 2.06–6.75); aOR 3.65 (95% CI 1.87–7.12), respectively). These factors should be taken into account by health professionals in identifying mothers who are least likely to follow nutritional recommendations.

ACS Style

Monika A. Zielinska; Petra Rust; Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Jacqueline Bichler; Jadwiga Hamułka. Factors Influencing the Age of Complementary Feeding—A Cross-Sectional Study from Two European Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3799 .

AMA Style

Monika A. Zielinska, Petra Rust, Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek, Jacqueline Bichler, Jadwiga Hamułka. Factors Influencing the Age of Complementary Feeding—A Cross-Sectional Study from Two European Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (20):3799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika A. Zielinska; Petra Rust; Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek; Jacqueline Bichler; Jadwiga Hamułka. 2019. "Factors Influencing the Age of Complementary Feeding—A Cross-Sectional Study from Two European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3799.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Nutrients
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Human milk fat plays an essential role as the source of energy and cell function regulator; therefore, the preservation of unique human milk donors’ lipid composition is of fundamental importance. To compare the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and holder pasteurization on lipidome, human milk was processed at 62.5 °C for 30 min and at five variants of HPP from 450 MPa to 600 MPa, respectively. Lipase activity was estimated with QuantiChrom™ assay. Fatty acid composition was determined with the gas chromatographic technique, and free fatty acids content by titration with 0.1 M KOH. The positional distribution of fatty acid in triacylglycerols was performed. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Carotenoids in human milk were measured by liquid chromatography. Bile salt stimulated lipase was completely eliminated by holder pasteurization, decreased at 600 MPa, and remained intact at 200 + 400 MPa; 450 MPa. The fatty acid composition and structure of human milk fat triacylglycerols were unchanged. The lipids of human milk after holder pasteurization had the lowest content of free fatty acids and the shortest induction time compared with samples after HPP. HPP slightly changed the β-carotene and lycopene levels, whereas the lutein level was decreased by 40.0% up to 60.2%, compared with 15.8% after the holder pasteurization.

ACS Style

Aleksandra Wesolowska; Joanna Brys; Olga Barbarska; Kamila Strom; Jolanta Szymanska-Majchrzak; Katarzyna Karzel; Emilia Pawlikowska; Monika A. Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Gabriela Oledzka. Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1972 .

AMA Style

Aleksandra Wesolowska, Joanna Brys, Olga Barbarska, Kamila Strom, Jolanta Szymanska-Majchrzak, Katarzyna Karzel, Emilia Pawlikowska, Monika A. Zielinska, Jadwiga Hamulka, Gabriela Oledzka. Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (9):1972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandra Wesolowska; Joanna Brys; Olga Barbarska; Kamila Strom; Jolanta Szymanska-Majchrzak; Katarzyna Karzel; Emilia Pawlikowska; Monika A. Zielinska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Gabriela Oledzka. 2019. "Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk." Nutrients 11, no. 9: 1972.

Research article
Published: 24 July 2019 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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The effect of α-tocopherol supplementation on adaptation to training is still equivocal. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of training and α-tocopherol supplementation on α-tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in the rat liver, heart, muscles, and testes. Male Wistar rats ( n = 32 ) were divided into four groups (nonsupplemented, not trained—C; nonsupplemented, trained—CT; supplemented, not trained—E; supplemented and trained—ET). During the 14-day experimental period, 2 mg/d of vitamin E as α-tocopherol acetate was administered to the animals (groups E and ET). Rats in the training group (CT and ET) were subjected to 15 minutes of treadmill running each day. The α-tocopherol levels in rat tissues were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipid peroxides were determined by TBARS spectrophotometric method. α-Tocopherol had a significant impact on α-tocopherol concentration in all tissues. Training increased the α-tocopherol concentration in the heart and muscles but reduced it in the liver. Training also caused increased lipid peroxidation in the muscles, heart, and testes; but a higher α-tocopherol content in tissues reduced the TBARS level. The main finding of the study is that impaired α-tocopherol status and its adequate intake is needed to maintain optimal status to prevent damage to the skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as the testes in growing individuals.

ACS Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Anna Ciecierska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Małgorzata E. Drywień; Joanna Frackiewicz; Krzysztof Górnicki; Agata Wawrzyniak. α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019, 2019, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Magdalena Górnicka, Anna Ciecierska, Jadwiga Hamulka, Małgorzata E. Drywień, Joanna Frackiewicz, Krzysztof Górnicki, Agata Wawrzyniak. α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019; 2019 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Górnicka; Anna Ciecierska; Jadwiga Hamulka; Małgorzata E. Drywień; Joanna Frackiewicz; Krzysztof Górnicki; Agata Wawrzyniak. 2019. "α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019, no. : 1-13.