Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital anomalies that present as intracranial hemorrhage or epilepsy. AVMs often remain clinically silent for extended periods. Although AVM treatme...

This experimental and theoretical study investigated the efficiency of radiation absorption by Cerrobend alloy with varying concentrations of B₄C compound. Four blocks were prepared containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% B₄C, respectively. The study examined radiation attenuation characteristics, including the mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer thickness, and mean free path, as well as radiobiological consequences for each block, using photon energies of 6 and 15 MeV. It has been observed that the rise in the quantity of B₄C leads to a decrease in the material’s ability to absorb photons. The highest mass attenuation coefficient at 6 MeV energy was S1 with 0.0432 cm²/g. The half-value layer of samples S2 and S3 exhibited a larger magnitude compared to samples S1. The tenth-value layer findings obtained with photons with 15 MeV energy were S0 < S1 < S2 < S3. In the experiments with photons with 6 MeV energy, the mean free path value of sample S1 was relatively lower than other samples. The experimental results were consistent with the data obtained from GAMOS and XCOM. Experiments and theoretical studies have shown that the Cerrobend alloy’s photon absorption properties are very similar to those of pure Cerrobend when it is doped with 5 wt% B₄C.

Objectives: TheraCal PT is a novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material introduced for vital pulp therapies. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation and hard tissue formation after pulpotomy treatment with Biodentine and TheraCal PT in inflamed or healthy rat molar teeth. Methods: This study consisted of six groups (n = 12, 72 teeth): negative control-no preparation (NC); positive control (PC); Biodentine-pulpitis teeth (BD-P), TheraCal PT-pulpitis teeth (TPT-P), Biodentine-healthy teeth (BD-H), TheraCal PT-healthy teeth (TPT-P). For PC, BD-P and TPT-P groups, teeth were induced with lipopolysaccharide for 12 h. Pulpotomy procedure was performed with Biodentine and TheraCal PT. Eight weeks later, pulpal inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation were evaluated by histological analysis. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed. Results: There were significant differences among groups for inflammation and hard tissue formation (p <.05). PC group showed moderate to severe inflammation. Biodentine groups showed lower inflammation scores than TheraCal PT groups. Pulpitis-induced groups showed higher inflammation scores than healthy groups. In Biodentine groups, complete hard tissue formation was higher than incomplete hard tissue formation. TheraCal PT groups showed mostly incomplete or no hard tissue formation. Pulpitis-induced groups showed inferior hard tissue formation scores than healthy groups. Conclusions: TheraCal PT as a pulp capping material and inflamed pulp as a pre-treatment tooth condition showed inferior results in pulpotomy treatment. Biodentine exhibited favorable inflammatory pulpal responses and thicker hard tissue formation than TheraCal PT. Clinical relevance: The novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material showed inferior inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation results in pulpotomy-treated teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

Background/Objectives: Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) has recently gained attention as a promising tool for tissue regeneration due to its ability to modulate cellular signaling and enhance wound repair. However, its effects on oral mucosal healing and associated molecular pathways remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to investigate the histological and immunohistochemical effects of NTAP on palatal wound healing in rats and to evaluate key biomarkers involved in angiogenesis, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Saline Control Group (SCG), Chlorhexidine Gluconate Group (CHG), and NTAP-Treated Group (NTAPG). Standardized full-thickness excisional wounds were created in the central palatal mucosa. Animals were sacrificed on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. Histological assessments included vascularization, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fiber organization, and epithelial gap measurements. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using antibodies targeting VEGF-A, TGF-β, FGF-2, CD34, α-SMA, and Ki67 to evaluate angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and cellular proliferation. Results: NTAP treatment significantly elevated TGF-β levels at all time points and increased α-SMA-positive cell counts on days 7 and 14. FGF-2 expression was the highest in NTAPG, while VEGF-A and CD34 levels were significantly elevated, indicating robust angiogenic activity. NTAP also reduced inflammatory cell infiltration relative to the other groups. NTAPG exhibited enhanced fibroblast proliferation, increased collagen deposition, improved vascularization, and accelerated re-epithelialization compared with SCG and CHG. Conclusions: NTAP significantly promoted palatal wound healing by enhancing proliferative activity, stimulating growth factor expression, and accelerating tissue repair. These findings suggest that NTAP may serve as an effective therapeutic approach for improving oral mucosal wound healing.