Three-dimensional filling of root canals is important for the success of endodontic treatment. The complexity and differences in root canal anatomy in C-shaped canals lead to difficulties in endodontic procedures and make it difficult to compare root canal filling techniques reliably. This study aimed to evaluate the percentage of gap areas of different root canal filling techniques in 3D-printed C2 and C3-shaped root canals using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Root canals of two human mandibular molars in C2 and C3 configurations were prepared and scanned with micro-CT. Forty replicas (80 in total) were produced from each configuration using a 3-dimensional (3D) printer. C2 and C3 groups were divided into 4 groups according to filling techniques (n = 10); core carrier (CC), cold lateral compaction (CLC), continuous wave obturation (CW) and single cone technique with calcium silicate-based sealer (SC-CSS). Root canals were filled and scanned with micro-CT. The gap areas in the apical, middle and coronal thirds were calculated as percentages. The one-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the percentages of gap areas and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. In C2-shaped canals, SC-CSS group showed a statistically higher percentage of gap areas in the apical third (p <.05), there were no significant differences among other groups (p >.05). In the middle part, there were no significant differences among groups (p >.05). The CW group showed a significantly lower percentage of gap areas in the coronal third than other groups (p <.05). In C3-shaped canals, SC-CSS group showed statistically higher percentage of gap areas in apical third (p <.05), CC and SC-CSS groups showed lower percentage areas in the middle part compared to CLC and CW groups (p <.05) and there was no difference between among groups in the coronal third (p >.05). The SC-CSS technique showed more gap areas in the apical region of C2 and C3-shaped canals. Considering any root canal filling technique in clinical practice, the compaction of filling material in the large volume canals of the C-shaped root canal system is necessary to reduce gap areas.

Objectives: TheraCal PT is a novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material introduced for vital pulp therapies. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation and hard tissue formation after pulpotomy treatment with Biodentine and TheraCal PT in inflamed or healthy rat molar teeth. Methods: This study consisted of six groups (n = 12, 72 teeth): negative control-no preparation (NC); positive control (PC); Biodentine-pulpitis teeth (BD-P), TheraCal PT-pulpitis teeth (TPT-P), Biodentine-healthy teeth (BD-H), TheraCal PT-healthy teeth (TPT-P). For PC, BD-P and TPT-P groups, teeth were induced with lipopolysaccharide for 12 h. Pulpotomy procedure was performed with Biodentine and TheraCal PT. Eight weeks later, pulpal inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation were evaluated by histological analysis. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed. Results: There were significant differences among groups for inflammation and hard tissue formation (p <.05). PC group showed moderate to severe inflammation. Biodentine groups showed lower inflammation scores than TheraCal PT groups. Pulpitis-induced groups showed higher inflammation scores than healthy groups. In Biodentine groups, complete hard tissue formation was higher than incomplete hard tissue formation. TheraCal PT groups showed mostly incomplete or no hard tissue formation. Pulpitis-induced groups showed inferior hard tissue formation scores than healthy groups. Conclusions: TheraCal PT as a pulp capping material and inflamed pulp as a pre-treatment tooth condition showed inferior results in pulpotomy treatment. Biodentine exhibited favorable inflammatory pulpal responses and thicker hard tissue formation than TheraCal PT. Clinical relevance: The novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material showed inferior inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation results in pulpotomy-treated teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of slice thickness (ST), plunger size (PS), shape and region of the root canal on push-out tests using standardized artificial root canals. Materials and methods: Two teeth with round and oval root canal anatomy were selected using cone beam computed tomography. Teeth were prepared, scanned with micro computed tomography and stereolithography data were obtained. Seventy-two round and 72 long oval artificial root canals were produced using a 3D printer. Root canals were obturated, then divided into two main groups (oval-round) and further divided into six subgroups (n = 12) according to ST (1, 1.5, and 2-mm) and PS (0.5, 0.75, and 1-mm). Push-out tests were performed and dislocation resistance values were calculated. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA two-way test (p = 0.05). Results: Different STs showed similar results in oval canals (p > 0.05). 1-mm ST showed higher results in round canals (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between 0.75 and 1-mm PSs (p < 0.05). Middle and coronal regions showed similar results in oval canals (p > 0.05), and coronal region showed lower results in round canals (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ST, PS, root canal shape and region variables affected the dislocation resistance of core material in standardized root-filled canals.

Endodontide İrrigasyon Aktivasyon Yöntemleri Hamza CUDAL Bertan KESİM Endodontide Kullanılan Döner Alet Sistemleri Deniz YANIK Endodontik Cerrahide Yenilikler Bilge ÖZCAN Arif Yiğit GÜLER Endodontik Mikrobiyotanın Tanımlanmasında Kültür ve Moleküler Tanı Yöntemleri Cihan KÜDEN Endodontik Tedavide Postoperatif Ağrı Cihan KÜDEN Kanal Yenilemede Kullanılan Solventlerin Değerlendirilmesi Umutcan DOĞAN Banu ARICIĞLU Nikel Titanyum Döner Eğelerde Kırılmaya Etki EdenFaktörler Kübra GÜRLER Pulpa Taşlarının Etyolojisi, Sistemik ve Genetik Hastalıklarile İlişkisi Esra ÖZ İsmail DENİZ Pulpanın Enflamasyon Durumunun TeşhisindeBiyobelirteçlerin Rolü Tuba GÖK Adem ÖZDEMİR Bulk Fill Kompozit Rezinler Sevde Gül BATMAZ Bulk-Fill Kompozitlerde Polimerizasyon Büzülmesinin Mikro-Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Literatür Derlemesi Özge Gizem CABADAĞ Tuğba MİSİLLİ CAD/CAM Sistemlerinde Kullanılan Kompozit Rezin Bazlı Materyaller ve Tamir Yöntemleri Zümrüt Ceren ÖZDUMAN Burcu OĞLAKÇI Çürük Risk Faktörleri Fatih BEDİR Çürüksüz Servikal Lezyonların Tedavisi: Ne Zaman, Niçin, Nasıl? Günseli KATIRCI Diş Çürüğünün Potansiyel Biyobelirteçleri Ahmet Ercan HATAYSAL Diş Hekimliğinde CAD/CAM Tekniğinde Kullanılan Seramik Esaslı Restoratif Materyaller Burcu OĞLAKÇI Zümrüt Ceren ÖZDUMAN Diş Hekimliğinde Lazer Kullanımı Lena ALMASIFAR Geçmişten Günümüze CAD/CAM Materiyalleri Lena ALMASIFAR Bölüm 19 Güncel Kavite Dezenfeksiyon Maddeleri ve Yöntemleri Seda Nur KARAKAŞ Pulpa Kuafaj Materyallerinin Biyouyumlulukları ve Sitotoksisiteleri Handan YILDIRIM Sevda ÖZTÜRK YEŞİLIRMAK Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Endokronlar Candan AYDIN HOŞ Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde İndirekt Adeziv Restorasyonlarda Erken Dentin Örtülenmesi (Immedıate Dentin Sealing) Candan AYDIN HOŞ Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde İndirekt Adeziv Restorasyonlarda Servikal Marjin Relokasyonu (Cervical Margin Relocation) Candan AYDIN HOŞ Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde İnley ve Onley Restorasyonlar Seda Nur KARAKAŞ Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Renk Seçimi ve Tek Renk Kompozitler Fulya AYDIN Tünel Kavite Hazırlığı ve Restorasyonlarının Başarısı Hakkında Detaylı İnceleme Mehmet BULDUR

This study aimed to assess the effects of sealant material type, adhesive application and saliva contamination on the microleakage, shear bond strength (SBS), and interfacial adaptation of pit and fissure sealants. A total of 160 extracted human molars were assigned to eight groups according to sealant type (resin-based, glass ionomer-based, or flowable composite), adhesive application, and contamination condition. Microleakage and unfilled areas at the enamel–sealant interface were assessed by dye penetration and image analysis software after thermocycling. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were categorized under a stereomicroscope. Interfacial adaptation was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). Resin-based and flowable composite sealants exhibited significantly lower microleakage and higher SBS than glass ionomer-based materials (p < 0.05). Adhesive application enhanced SBS but slightly increased microleakage. Saliva contamination markedly reduced bond strength and increased leakage, whereas re-etching effectively restored enamel receptivity and sealing ability. SEM images revealed better adaptation and continuous margins in resin-based and flowable composites, whereas contaminated groups exhibited irregular interfaces and micro gaps. Sealant performance is strongly influenced by material viscosity, surface pretreatment, and contamination control. Re-etching after contamination restores enamel-bonding potential, while adhesive-assisted flowable composites achieve the best combination of sealing, retention, and interfacial adaptation, suggesting their clinical advantage in moisture-compromised environments.

This study retrospectively evaluated and compared the clinical and radiographic outcomes of full pulpotomy (FP) and root canal treatment (RCT) in teeth wit