(2018). Brain abscess and bronchopneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in a 2-year-old female sheep. Veterinary Quarterly: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 67-71.

A 20-year-old Arabian mare, was brought to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic with the complaint of an unknown wound in the genital area. Although the mare's general condition was good, examination of the genital area revealed a wide-open wound in the vulva and posterior vagina, characterized by fibrotic growth. The biopsy sample was sent to the pathology laboratory. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was made after histopathological examination. Blood samples for serum biochemistry and hematological tests were collected from the jugular vein. Hematological and serum biochemical findings are generally used to diagnose diseases in animals and humans. Hematological and serum biochemical findings are important with genital SCC. Therefore, the findings of these values are given in this case report.

Objectives: TheraCal PT is a novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material introduced for vital pulp therapies. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation and hard tissue formation after pulpotomy treatment with Biodentine and TheraCal PT in inflamed or healthy rat molar teeth. Methods: This study consisted of six groups (n = 12, 72 teeth): negative control-no preparation (NC); positive control (PC); Biodentine-pulpitis teeth (BD-P), TheraCal PT-pulpitis teeth (TPT-P), Biodentine-healthy teeth (BD-H), TheraCal PT-healthy teeth (TPT-P). For PC, BD-P and TPT-P groups, teeth were induced with lipopolysaccharide for 12 h. Pulpotomy procedure was performed with Biodentine and TheraCal PT. Eight weeks later, pulpal inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation were evaluated by histological analysis. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed. Results: There were significant differences among groups for inflammation and hard tissue formation (p <.05). PC group showed moderate to severe inflammation. Biodentine groups showed lower inflammation scores than TheraCal PT groups. Pulpitis-induced groups showed higher inflammation scores than healthy groups. In Biodentine groups, complete hard tissue formation was higher than incomplete hard tissue formation. TheraCal PT groups showed mostly incomplete or no hard tissue formation. Pulpitis-induced groups showed inferior hard tissue formation scores than healthy groups. Conclusions: TheraCal PT as a pulp capping material and inflamed pulp as a pre-treatment tooth condition showed inferior results in pulpotomy treatment. Biodentine exhibited favorable inflammatory pulpal responses and thicker hard tissue formation than TheraCal PT. Clinical relevance: The novel resin-modified calcium-silicate material showed inferior inflammatory cell infiltration and hard tissue formation results in pulpotomy-treated teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

Background: Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a prevalent neoplastic disease affecting small ruminant populations globally, caused by the enzootic nasal tumour virus (ENTV). Border disease (BD), also affecting small ruminants, causes persistent infection and increases secondary infection risks. Methods: Post‐necropsy tissue samples were routinely processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and PCR techniques were employed to diagnose ENTV‐2 in three goats. Viral RNA extraction and reverse transcription were performed using the WizPrep Viral DNA/RNA micro kit. PCR analysis targeted ENTV‐1, ENTV‐2 and BD virus (BDV). Results: ENTV‐2‐induced nasal carcinoma and BDV were identified in three goats from an Eastern Turkey breeding facility. Post‐mortem examinations revealed neoplastic growths originating from the ethmoid region and extending throughout the nasal cavity. PCR analysis revealed the presence of both ENTV‐2 and BDV genomes in all three cases. Histopathological examination showed invasive acinar and papillary proliferations with multifocal necrosis and lymphohistiocytic infiltrations. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive reactivity for ENTV in neoplastic cells using a monoclonal antibody specific to the JSRV capsid protein, which also cross‐reacts with the envelope protein of ENTV‐1. Conclusion: The chronic, immune‐tolerant nature of BD infection may have immunosuppressive effects that potentially enhance the impact of ENTV. The simultaneous presence of these two pathogens could synergistically increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in caprine populations.

Background: This study presents the case of non‐purulent encephalomyelitis associated with astrovirus infection in a sheep from Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye.Methods: A necropsy was performed on a sheep showing nervous signs. Afterwards, brain tissue samples were taken and examined with histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques.Results: Neuropathologic changes included neuronal degeneration, diffuse gliosis, multifocal perivascular cuffing, neuronophagy and neuronal necrosis in the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the cervical spinal cord. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, selective culture for Listeria monocytogenes, and PCR analysis for rabies virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, Türkiye encephalitis virus, small ruminant lentiviruses and border disease virus were negative. However, the presence of astrovirus RNA in cerebral, cerebellar and spinal cord samples was demonstrated by a pan‐astrovirus RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed astrovirus antigens within the neuronal cytoplasm. High‐throughput sequencing techniques identified the causative agent as a member of the genotype species Mamastrovirus 13 but representing a distinct genetic lineage with similarity to ovine astrovirus 1 in the open‐reading frames (ORF)1ab region and muskox astrovirus in the ORF2 region.Conclusion: This report provides evidence that astroviruses are potentially encephalitis‐causing pathogens in ovine populations in Türkiye, featuring an astrovirus strain distinct from those previously identified in sheep.