Antecedentes: La fisiología de la materia prima en los procesos de extracción de fructanos es imprescindible para establecer criterios que garanticen homogeneidad en la calidad del producto, así, la madurez fisiológica plena (MFP) para la extracción de fructanos en las especies de Agave puede reducir la variabilidad de su calidad. Preguntas: ¿La MFP de los agaves y el uso exclusivo de su tallo influye sobre el perfil de carbohidratos y el GP promedio de sus fructanos? Especies de estudio: Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck (ASE) y A. tequilana F.A.C. Weber (ATE) Sitio de estudio y periodo de investigación: El estudio fue realizado con cabezas de maguey mezcalero potosino recolectadas en agostaderos ejidales del municipio de Charcas, San Luis Potosí y cabezas de maguey tequilero que se cosecharon en Arandas, Jalisco; durante la primavera de (2019). Métodos: Por medio de HPTLC, HPLC y HP-SEC se caracterizó y estimó la distribución del perfil de carbohidratos y el promedio del GP de los fructanos de tallos de ASE y ATE con MFP y el mismo proceso orgánico de extracción, y de fructanos comerciales de A. tequilana (ATC) y de achicoria (IC). Resultados: Se encontró un GP de 14.46, 16.20, 18.25 y 21.11 para IC, ASE, ATC y ATE, respectivamente. Conclusión: La MFP en las plantas de Agave y el uso exclusivo de sus tallos se confirmó que el GP para ASE es 16 y se presenta por primera vez un GP de 21 para A. tequilana F.A.C. Weber bajo el proceso descrito de extracción.

Se evaluó el efecto del jugo de 10 variantes de tuna sobre la glucemia y parámetros metabólicos relacionados en ratas Wistar glucostáticas (GS) e hiperglucémicas (HG). La elección de las variantes se basó en su abundancia y en el potencial económico de su fruto en el estado de San Luis Potosí, el grado de humanización y los colores de la tuna. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (11 x 2) de tratamientos, donde el factor A correspondió al jugo de la variante de tuna (10 variantes y agua como control), el factor B al estado de salud de las ratas (GS e HG). En la mayoría de los tratamientos hubo aumento de peso corporal, excepto en los animales GS que recibieron jugo de la variante Tapón rojo. Las ratas HG que recibieron agua presentaron niveles plasmáticos de glucosa más elevados (p<0.05) que las que recibieron jugo de la variante Sangre de toro y que todas las ratas GS. Los jugos de tuna modificaron significativamente la concentración de glucosa en la sangre de ratas Wistar HG y GS.

The residue from roselle beverage production is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber. We investigated its potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 17 weeks, reaching insulin resistance by week 9, and induced to T2DM with streptozotocin (STZ) at week 13. Roselle beverage residue (RBR) was administered ad libitum mixed at 6% with the HFFD. Rats received HFFD+RBR as a preventive strategy starting at week 1 (healthy) and week 9 (insulin resistant), whereas the treatment strategy in T2DM rats started at week 14 alone or in combination with metformin (200 mg/kg/day), with a control metformin-treated group. All RBR-supplemented groups showed reduced serum glucose levels (1.4-fold to 1.8-fold) compared with the HFFD+STZ control group. Preventive RBR administration enhanced pancreatic function, leading to improved insulin sensitivity (6.5-fold to 7.9-fold). Gene expression analysis identified slight alterations in hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Additionally, RBR supplementation demonstrated a preventive role in mitigating hyperuricemia (2.1-fold to 2.2-fold), with no effect on glomerular hyperfiltration. While the exact mechanisms underlying RBR effects remain to be fully elucidated, our findings highlight its promising potential as a dietary supplement for preventing and treating T2DM.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, current diagnostic strategies have a limited capacity to identify women at risk early in pregnancy. In this longitudinal prospective pilot study, 200 pregnant Mexican women were recruited at 11–14 weeks and underwent follow-up throughout pregnancy. Of these, 34 women (19 with GDM and 15 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) completed follow-up and were included in the final analyses. Most withdrawals were due to logistical constraints, although the reduced final sample size should be considered when interpreting generalizability. Nine serum proteins (ADIPOQ, AFM, FABP4, IGFBP-5, PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, RBP4, RETN, SHBG) were measured simultaneously using an antibody array and subsequently validated by ELISA. FABP4 showed the greatest increase in the first trimester (4.9-fold, p = 0.0105) and the highest apparent discriminative performance (AUC = 0.91), which declined in the second and third trimesters. Exploratory, hypothesis-generating multivariable analyses suggested a stronger association when FABP4 was combined with gravidity and serum triglycerides (AUC up to 0.97). Overall, FABP4 emerged as a promising candidate biomarker for early GDM detection in Mexican women; however, these findings are preliminary and require validation in larger, independent cohorts to support early risk stratification.

Roselle beverage residue (RBR), a by-product of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. processing, retains bioactive compounds, including soluble and insoluble dietary fiber and polyphenols. Its antihyperglycemic effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been previously demonstrated; however, its role in lipid metabolism remains unknown. This study assessed the preventive and therapeutic potential of RBR on dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in a rodent model of late-stage T2DM characterized by hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Male Wistar rats with T2DM induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet combined with streptozotocin received 6% RBR supplementation as either a preventive intervention (starting at week 1 in healthy rats or week 9 in insulin-resistant rats) or a therapeutic intervention (starting at week 14 in diabetic rats). After 17 weeks, RBR supplementation significantly reduced serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, attenuating hepatic lipid accumulation regardless of the timing of intervention. Hepatic Acadm expression, involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, was significantly upregulated in rats treated with RBR from week 1 and 9, whereas no significant modulation was observed for genes related to fatty acid synthesis or uptake. These findings suggest that RBR supplementation may contribute to improving lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis in a rat model of late-stage T2DM.