Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) is an efficient microbial mutagenesis method with broad application prospects. Compared to traditional methods, ARTP technology can more effectively induce DNA damage and generate stable mutant strains. It is characterized by its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and avoidance of hazardous chemicals, presenting a vast potential for application. The ARTP technology is widely used in bacterial, fungal, and microalgal mutagenesis for increasing productivity and improving characteristics. In conclusion, ARTP technology holds significant promise in the field of microbial breeding. Through ARTP technology, we can create mutant strains with specific genetic traits and improved performance, thereby increasing yield, improving quality, and meeting market demands. The field of microbial breeding will witness further innovation and progress with continuous refinement and optimization of ARTP technology.

Oudemansiella raphanipes ethanolic extract (ORE) was prepared via ultrasonication-assisted ethanolic extraction and enriched through silica gel and macroporous adsorption resin chromatography to afford a non-/weakly polar fraction (ORE-S) and a polar fraction (ORE-N), respectively. This study aimed to (1) quantify major bioactive components (e.g., polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes) in ORE-S and ORE-N, (2) assess their antioxidant activities, (3) correlate compositional differences with antioxidant function, and (4) identify key antioxidant compounds along with their potential mechanisms of action. By integrating widely targeted metabolomics with network pharmacology, we not only elucidated how enrichment methods influence the antioxidant properties of ORE but also demonstrated the potential of ORE-N as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants.